论概念的规范化是中医理论发展的基础

认为概念的不规范化是制约中医理论发展的根本原因,分析了中西医概念的特点与不足,指出基于文献研究并结合现代研究成果可规范中医基本概念。     

螺旋CT静脉血管造影价值初探

目的：探讨16层螺旋CT血管造影在静脉血管方面的应用价值。方法：收集身体不同部位行CT静脉血管造影的病人12例，门静脉血管造影由上肢静脉注入造影剂．静脉血管造影由下肢静脉注入造影剂，行三维重建及多种重建方法处理，分析血管成像质量及诊断价值。结果：图像优质率达97．7％．解剖结构显示清晰．病灶显示准确。结论：多层螺旋CT静脉血管造影有重要的临床应用价值。     

后程加速超分割放疗合并DF方案化疗治疗中晚期食管癌临床研究

目的探讨DF方案化疗合并后程加速超分割放疗治疗中、晚期食管癌的临床应用价值。方法经病理确诊的中、晚期食管癌90例随机分为两组(单放组和化放组),每组45例;放疗均采用6MVX线外照射,单放组常规分割治疗2Gy/次,5次/周,全疗程总剂量70Gy;化放组放疗前2/3疗程常规放疗2Gy/次,5次/周,共40Gy,后1/3疗程改用加速超分割治疗,1.5Gy/次,2次/天,间隔6h以上,全疗程总剂量70Gy,前程配合DF方案化疗,治疗结束后,按照食管癌诊治规范标准,比较两组疗效及1、3年生存率。结果单放组CR44%,PR51%,1、3年生存率分别为42%、28%;化放组CR51%,PR57%,1、3年生存率分别为74%、53%,经统计学处理两者生存率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),毒副作用两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论后程加速超分割放疗加DF增敏化疗能明显提高中、晚期食管癌的近期疗效及1、3年生存率,且不增加毒副反应,值得推广应用。     

The Biological Effect of Hepsin on the Proliferation and Invasion of PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells

OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown that hepsin, a type of transmembrane serine protease, is highly upregulated in prostate cancer, but, little is known about its role in progression and invasion of this cancer. We constructed a hepsin-expressing plasmid and transfected it into PC-3 cells to investigate the effect of the hepsin gene on the biological behavior of the PC-3 cells. METHODS Plasmid pHepsin-IRES2 was transfected into prostate cancer PC-3 cells using Fugene6, and the cells with stable hepsin expression were screened and selected with Zeocin (600 mg/L). The hepsin mRNA level was measured by real-time PCR and the growth curve of the PC-3-transfected cells assessed using MTT and BrdU assays. A Boyden chamber was used to examine the difference in invasion and metastases between transfected and non-transfected cells. RESULTS The hepsin mRNA level in pHepsin-IRES2 transfected -PC-3 cells was significantly higher than that found in the control PC -3 cells. While the growth curve of the hepsin gene transfected PC -3 cells showed that there was no significant effect on proliferation, the invasive ability of the pHepsin-IRES2 transfected PC-3 cells, as compared with control cells, was significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that even though hepsin has no effect on the proliferation of prostate cancer PC-3 cells, it does promote cellular invasion and metastasis.Therefore hepsin may have a role in the development of prostate cancer.     

流动儿童计划免疫现状及管理对策

概述了当前中国流动儿童计划免疫状况。从流动儿童父母情况、预防接种点服务情况和疫苗的异常反应3方面论述了开展流动儿童计划免疫工作难的原因。此外还提出了流动儿童计划免疫的管理对策,即推广应用“金卡”、加强部门合作、加大健康教育与宣传力度、增加卫生经费投入、提高基层计免医生的素质、推广“多联多价”疫苗使用等。     

Dopamine D3 receptor-mediated inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger activity in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat proximal tubular epithelial cells

This study evaluated the response of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) to dopamine D(1)- and D(2)-like receptor stimulation in immortalized renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and freshly isolated renal proximal tubules from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and their normotensive controls (Wistar Kyoto rats; WKY). Stimulation of D(1)-like receptors with SKF 38393 attenuated NHE activity in WKY cells (IC(50)=151 nM), but not in SHR cells. Stimulation of D(2)-like receptors with quinerolane (IC(50)=120 nM) attenuated NHE activity in SHR cells, but not in WKY cells. Forskolin was equipotent in SHR and WKY cells in inhibiting NHE activity. The effect of SKF 38393 was abolished by overnight treatment of WKY cells with cholera toxin (CTX, 500 ng ml(-1)), but not with pertussis toxin (PTX, 100 ng ml(-1)). The effect of quinerolane (1 microm) was abolished by overnight treatment of SHR cells with PTX, but not with CTX. The D(3) receptor agonist 7-OH-DPAT (IC(50)=0.8 microM) attenuated NHE activity in SHR cells only. This effect was abolished by S-sulpiride and by overnight treatment with PTX. The D(4) receptor agonist RBI 257 did not affect NHE activity. The 7-OH-DPAT inhibited NHE activity in freshly isolated renal proximal tubules from 4- and 12-week-old SHR and 12-week-old WKY, but not in freshly isolated renal proximal tubules from 4-week-old WKY. It is concluded that D(3) receptors coupled to a G(i/o) protein play a role in the handling of tubular Na(+), namely through inhibition of the NHE activity, this being of particular relevance in the SHR, which fail to respond to D(1)-like dopamine receptor stimulation.     

Preferential inhibition of Akt and killing of Akt-dependent cancer cells by rationally designed phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues

Activation of the PI3k/Akt pathway controls key cellular processes and contributes to tumorigenesis in vivo, but investigation of the PI3k/Akt pathway has been limited by the lack of specific inhibitors directed against Akt. To develop Akt inhibitors, we used molecular modeling of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Akt to guide synthesis of structurally modified phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues (PIAs). Here, we characterize the biochemical and cellular effects of PIAs. Of 24 compounds tested, five PIAs with modifications at two sites on the inositol ring inhibited Akt with IC(50)s < 5 micro M. Molecular modeling identified putative interactions of PIAs with the phosphoinositide-binding site in the PH domain of Akt, and growth factor-induced translocation of Akt to the plasma membrane was inhibited by PIA administration. Inhibition of Akt occurred rapidly and was maintained for hours. PIAs decreased phosphorylation of many downstream targets of Akt without affecting upstream kinases, such as PI3k or phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, or members of other kinase pathways such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Importantly, PIAs increased apoptosis 20-30-fold in cancer cell lines with high levels of endogenous Akt activity but only 4-5-fold in cancer cell lines with low levels of Akt activity. These studies identify PIAs as effective Akt inhibitors, and provide proof of principle for targeting the PH domain of Akt.     

Quinic acid induces hypovirulence and expression of a hypovirulence-associated double-stranded RNA in<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Rhizoctonia solani</Emphasis>

A double-stranded (ds)RNA, designated as M2, is associated with hypovirulence, conversion of the quinic acid pathway from inducible to constitutive and downregulation of the shikimic acid pathway in the Rhizoctonia solani culture Rhs 1A1. In this study, we report that in the virulent, M2-lacking isolate Rhs 1AP, which is isogenic to Rhs 1A1, quinic acid reduces virulence dramatically and induces synthesis of an M2-encoded polypeptide and its respective mRNA. The full-length sense strand of M2 is detected in untreated Rhs 1AP only after a second 30-cycle amplification, using nested primers. Quinate-induced Rhs 1AP contains low concentrations of both full-length sense and complementary strand of M2. The quinic acid-induced hypovirulence in Rhs 1AP cannot be overturned by the end-product of the shikimic acid pathway, chorismic acid, which enhances the virulence of Rhs 1AP dramatically when used alone. In addition to its apparent applications, this study confirms the strong association between the M2 dsRNA and hypovirulence in R. solani.     

合理筹资完善管理促进新型农村合作医疗健康发展对绍兴市推进新型农村合作医疗制度的调查报告

新型农村合作医疗制度的实施，是党和政府在统筹城乡发展，全面建设小康和谐社会的大环境、大背景下，从我国基本国情出发，解决农民“看病难、看病贵”问题的一项重要举措。文章结合绍兴市区新型农村合作医疗制度实施过程中遇到的筹资、受益和管理等方面的问题，提出具体对策和建议，供政府和有关部门参考。