高龄初产妊高征孕妇过氧化反应的研究

目的：探讨高龄初产妊高征孕妇体内过氧化反应。方法：测定正常初产妇、妊高征孕妇妊娠晚期母血过氧化脂质（LPO）、超氧化物歧化酶（DOD）的含量。结果：1．高龄初产妇母血LPO较非高龄初产妇明显升高，SOD明显下降，P＜0．05。孕妇年龄与母血LPO呈明显正相关，与SOD呈明显负相关，P均＜0．05。2．妊高征孕妇LPO较正常孕妇显著增高，SOD显著下降，P＜0．05，并随病情加重LPO水平升高、SOD水平下降更为显著，P＜0．05。3．高龄初产妊高征孕妇母血LPO含量较非高龄初产妊高征孕妇明显增高，P＜0．05，而SOD则无显著变化，P＞0．05。4.妊高征孕妇胎儿宫内生长发育迟缓（IUGR）发生率较正常孕妇显著升高，P＜0．025，各组脐血清LPO、SOD含量无显著差异，P＜0．05。结论：高龄初产妊高征孕妇体内过氧化作用明显增强，LPO水平的升高可能为高龄初产妇妊高征发生率及IUGR发生率增加的原因之一。     

叶下珠复方治疗慢性乙型肝炎54例临床观察

应用叶下珠复方治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎５４例，与灭澳灵１０例作对照。结果显示叶下珠复方组治疗３个月（其中１０例治疗６个月）．临床症状体征显著改善，肝功能复常或明显改善者达８２．６％；ｅ抗原及ＨＢＶ—ＤＮＡ转阴率分别为４６．２％（２４／５２）和４６．３％（１９／４１）；疗效优于灭澳灵组（上述３项指标分别为２０％，１０％，１００％；Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）。叶下珠复方组治疗３个月后ｅ抗原及ＤＮＡ未阴转中１０例延长疗程至６个月，结果ｅ抗原及ＨＢＶ—ＤＮＡ转阴分别为６例；ｅ抗原阴转患者中大部分伴随ＨＢＶ—ＤＮＡ阴转（８５．７％）及肝功能复常或改善（１００％）。ｅ抗原及ＮＢＶ—ＤＮＡ的阴转率似在成年患者及病程短者较高；而与中医证型似无明显关系。研究表明叶下珠复方治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎具有一定的疗效，延长疗程似可提高疗效，尚需进一步研究。     

高渗盐液和抗休克裤合并应用对大鼠早期休克的影响

采用高渗盐液，抗休克裤及两者联用纠正大鼠早期失血性休克。结果显示，单独使用ＡＳＴ，仅见动脉血压短时间回升，而单用ＨＴＳ，血压则明显回升。若先用ＡＳＴ，再注入ＨＴＳ，也能取得明显效果。失血休克大鼠血浆纤维连接蛋白水平显著降低，各组之间均无差异血浆脂质过氧化物－丙二醛的含量明显增加，且在ＨＴＳ组，ＨＴＳ＋ＡＳＴ组与ＮＳ对照组之间有显著差异。     

Rescheduling a three shift system at a steel rolling mill: effects of a one hour delay of shift starting times on sleep and alertness in younger and older workers.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new work schedule at a Finnish steel mill with special attention to effects on older workers. The schedule was designed to improve sleep before the morning shift, and alertness during the morning shift, by delaying shift start and end times. METHODS: Evaluation was by a shiftwork health and safety questionnaire, recordings of work-rest-sleep cycles with activity monitors worn on the wrist, daily diaries, and on site computerised testing of fatigue and alertness by the NIOSH fatigue test battery. RESULTS: The one hour delay in shift starting times improved sleep before the morning shift, and improved waking fatigue, sleepiness, and performance during the morning shift. Evening and night shift sleep and fatigue or sleepiness, however, were affected negatively by the new work schedule, but the results for those shifts were less consistent across the various measures. Despite the improvements, most workers were not satisfied with the new schedule because of social concerns. Few interactions of age with the new work schedule were found, suggesting that the effects of the work schedule were uniform across age groups. CONCLUSION: A change of as little as one hour in shift starting times can improve morning shift sleep and alertness, but there are trade offs from these improvements in terms of night shift effects and social considerations. It seems, then, that optimal shift start and end times for an entire organisation are difficult to institute on a wide scale. Tailoring shift schedules to subgroups within an organisation is suggested.     

Unsteady diffusion kinetics of Ziegler-Natta heterogeneous catalyst polymerization, 4. Prediction of experimental results of propylene/ethylene/1-hexadecene terpolymerization

The prediction, based on unsteady diffusion kinetics, of the enhancement of reactivity and incorporation of 1-hexadecene in its copolymerization with propylene on adding a small amount of ethylene (increase from 5,2 mol-% to 10,8 mol-% when 2% of ethylene was added, and to 16, 1 mol-% when 5% was added) was verified in the terpolymerization of propylene/ 1-hexadecene/ ethylene on a commercial Solvay-type δ-TiCl₃ catalyst. The catalyst efficiency was thus also increased. These augmentations originate from the increase in diffusion coefficient of 1-hexadecene at the catalyst surface when the PP crystallinity decreases on introduction of ethylene. Calculation based on unsteady diffusion kinetics showed that the order of diffusion coefficients ethylene > propylene > 1-hexadecene is reversed as the monomer concentration increases when the monomers are not at their equilibrium concentration. Sequence distribution as determined by means of ¹³C NMR revealed a tendency of blocky structure rather than a Bernoullian one. The terpolymer compositions obtained by means of an IR method developed in this work conform rather well with the NMR results. Results in this work not only support the unsteady diffusion kinetics but also provide a new route to prepare olefinic copolymer rubbers with heterogeneous titanium catalysts.     

A method for monitoring intracerebral temperature in neurosurgical patients

Current interest in brain temperature and selective brain cooling makes a method allowing for continuous monitoring of intracerebral temperature in humans desirable. The authors describe a safe, simple, and reliable technique using a thermocouple of copper and constantan in combination with intraventricular monitoring of intracranial pressure for measurement of brain temperature in neurosurgical patients.     

The statistics on malignant neoplasms of the urinary and male genital organs in 1987 in the USSR

The USSR statistics on malignant neoplastic diseases of the urinary system and male sexual organs which comprised 5.7 per cent in the total mortality was presented for the first time. More than a 50 per cent increment in the death rate from these tumors was documented between 1975 and 1987. Annually, prostatic carcinoma is diagnosed in almost 10 thousand patients and cancer of the urinary bladder in 15 thousand patients. Maximal prevalence of the disease has been recorded in the Baltic republics, the Ukraine and Byelorussia. The detection rate of the aforementioned diseases, Stages I-II, is about 40 per cent. The estimate revealed that the total number of the registered oncological patients was 100 thousand persons. The problems in organization of the oncological care system, material and technical supplies and professional training should be considered.     

Immunologic status, respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function in soybean-processing workers

Immunological and respiratory findings were studied in a group of 19 male soy-bean workers. A group of 31 control workers were examined for the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and 20 control workers were included in the immunological study. All soy-bean workers had positive immediate skin reaction to soy-bean dust, 18 to soy antigen after separation from oil, three to lecithin antigen and only one to soy oil. Only three soy-bean workers had increased levels of specific IgE. Among 20 control workers, 19 reacted to soy-bean dust, 20 to soy after separation of oil and none to soy oil. One demonstrated increased specific IgE. The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was considerably higher in exposed than in control workers, being statistically different for dyspnea (P less than 0.01). The statistically significant acute reductions in ventilatory capacity were particularly pronounced for FEF50 (-4.7%) and FEF25 (-9.4%). The mean ventilatory capacity values before shift on Monday were significantly lower than those on the following Friday for FVC, FEF50 and FEF25. There was no difference in ventilatory capacity between soy-bean workers with positive and those with negative skin tests to house dust or between those with increased and those with normal IgE serum levels. A water soluble extract of soy-bean dust was also assayed in organ bath containing guinea pig trachea. This model showed the extract to be highly reactive causing a dose-related constriction of airway smooth muscle. Our data suggest that immunologic sensitization to soy-bean products is very frequent. In addition to possible humoral contribution to respiratory disorders, soy dust seems to directly affect airway smooth muscle.     

Effects of prolonged administration of neurotensin, arginine-vasopressin, NPY, and bombesin on blood TSH, T3 and T4 levels in the rat

Adult female rats were i.p. infused (Alzet osmotic minipumps) with neurotensin (NT, 2 micrograms/rat/day for 7 days), arginine-vasopressin (AVP, 2 micrograms/rat/day for 8 days), bombesin (BM, 0.75 microgram/rat/day for 7 days) or injected with neuropeptide Y (NPY, 0.5 microgram/rat twice a day for 4 days). NT infusion increased absolute and relative thyroid gland weight and decreased serum T4 level, while serum TSH and T3 levels remained unchanged. AVP treatment increased thyroid gland weight and serum TSH and T4 levels and a similar effect was induced by prolonged BM infusion. On the other hand, NPY administration had no effect either on thyroid gland weight or on serum TSH, T4 and T3 levels. Results of the present study thus clearly demonstrate a potent stimulatory action of AVP and BM on thyroid gland function and suggest that this effect is mediated by the pituitary gland. On the contrary, prolonged NT infusion decrease serum T4 level while NPY had no effect on thyroid gland function.