Neovascular glaucoma after intracapsular and extracapsular cataract extraction in diabetic patients

A retrospective study of the rate of development of neovascular glaucoma after cataract extraction in 242 eyes of 186 diabetic patients identified neovascular glaucoma in 13 of 146 eyes (8.9%) after intracapsular extraction, in two of 17 eyes (11.8%) after extracapsular extraction with primary capsulotomy, and in zero of 53 eyes after extracapsular extraction without capsulotomy. The incidence of neovascular glaucoma was significantly lower in patients who underwent extracapsular extraction with preservation of an intact posterior capsule than in those undergoing intracapsular cataract extraction (P less than .01) or extracapsular cataract extraction with primary capsulotomy (P less than .05).     

妊娠期暴露毒死蜱对子鼠成年后脑组织氧化损伤的研究

目的探讨大鼠妊娠早期暴露有机磷农药毒死蜱对子代鼠成年后大脑氧化损伤与机制。方法在母鼠妊娠后第6天至子鼠出生后第21天给予灌胃染毒,染毒剂量1／50LD50、1／IOOLD50、1／180LD50浓度的CPF和玉米油组。待子鼠长到第8周后处死,处死取脑做匀浆测大脑匀浆中丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PXD）活力。结果随着染毒剂量的增加,SOD的活力、GSH—PX的活力下降;而MDA的含量增加,并呈现出一定的剂量反应关系。各暴露染毒剂量组的上述指标还与玉米油对照组之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论妊娠期毒死蜱暴露对8周龄子鼠大脑组织具有神经毒性,其机制可能与毒死蜱暴露至大脑氧化损伤有关。     

早期应用醒脑开窍针法结合康复训练治疗高血压脑出血术后病入疗效观察

目的：观察早期醒脑开窍针法结合康复治疗对高血压脑出血术后病人的临床疗效。方法：将42例高血压脑出血术后患者随机分为治疗组及对照组,治疗组在常规药物治疗基础上,术后314天加醒脑开窍针法及康复治疗,对照组术后单纯予常规药物治疗。评定治疗前后神经功能缺损评分,进行临床疗效评定。比较治疗前后Glasgow昏迷评分（GCS）、简化Fugl-Meyer肢体运动功能评分（FMA）及日常生活活动能力评分（ADL）改良Barthel指数（MBI）等,进行功能评价。结果：早期采用醒脑开窍针法结合康复治疗能明显改善患者的临床疗效及神经功能,临床疗效治疗组总有效率为90.48%,对照组总有效率为52.39%,经统计学处理（P〈0.05）,两组间差异有显著性意义。治疗后治疗组GCS、FMA、BI均有明显改善,与对照组比较,有明显差异（P〈0.05）。结论：早期采用醒脑开窍针法结合康复治疗高血压脑出血术后病人,疗效更好。     

耳后进路夹层法与内植法鼓膜修补术疗效比较

【目的】探讨并比较耳后进路夹层法与内植法鼓膜修补术疗效。【方法】收集需行鼓膜修补术患者80例（92耳）,按手术方法分为夹层法组42例（46耳）与内植法组38例（46耳）。分别观察两组术后听力恢复情况、术前术后言语频率平均听阈、术后3个月鼓膜情况、术后6个月愈合率。【结果】术后听力恢复情况夹层法优于内植法（P ＜0．05）;夹层法术后言语频率平均听阈明显高于内植法（P ＜0．01）;术后随访3个月后两组引起再穿孔、鼓膜内陷的发生有统计学差异（ P ＜0．05）;术后6个月愈合率比较,夹层法优于内植法,两组有统计学差异（ P ＜0．05）。【结论】耳后进路夹层法与内植法鼓膜修补术短期疗效相当,但前者更有利于听力恢复,是治疗鼓膜穿孔的较为理想的方法。     

Membrane Fluidity and Alcohol Dependence

Rats were chronically intoxicated with alcohol by exposing them to increasing concentrations of ethanol vapor over a 4-week period. They were tested for alcohol consumption in a free choice situation of water and 10% (v/v) alcohol. On the basis of their intakes they were divided into alcohol-dependent and nondependent groups. Synaptosome membrane fluidity evaluated by fluorescence polarization was compared between the two groups and against nonintoxicated controls. The intoxicated animals had a lower membrane fluidity than controls, mainly because of a highly significant increase of rigidity in the alcohol-dependent group. Furthermore, membrane fluidity was found to be correlated with the degree of behavioral dependence (i.e., alcohol intake during the free choice period).     

Molecular evolutionary studies of Lassa virus nucleoprotein 2

ObjectiveTo study the virulence diversity through molecular evolution, and to provide insight on circulating antibodies.MethodsThe nucleotide sequences of 18 Lassa virus genomic RNA encoding Lassa virus nucleoprotein isolates collected from different parts of the world since the identification of the Josiah strain were obtained from the GenBank and nucleotide substitution among them studied using the computer program MEGA 4. The genetic distances among strains were predicted by pairwise nucleotide differences.ResultsThe rate of synonymous substitution was high 5.889 per nucleotide per year and nonsynonymous was higher at 49.664. The average predicted rate of synonymous and nonsynonymous using modified Nei-Gojobori (assuming transition/transversion bias=2) was 27.9 which was taken as the genetic distance between strains. The average number of synonymous sites is 150.741 while the average number of nonsynonymous sites is 392.259. The phylogenetic tree was inferred by unweighted pairwise grouping in MEGA4 and using neighbour-joining method. The time of emergence of Lassa virus was predicted to be around January 1920. However, the first human appearance of the virus was predicted to be around May (1 959±24) months. In synonymous substitution the rate of (G-T) rare was high. The nucleotide frequencies were 0.314 (A), 0.246 (T/U), 0.204 (C) and 0.235 (G). The transition/transversion ratio k₁=14.991 (purines) and k₂=69.916 (pyrimidines). The overall transition/transversion bias R=16.662 with a total of 620 position in the final data set. These figures are far higher than an earlier study using Lassa virus glycoprotein. The nucleotide diversity were also very high using the Taijima's model in MEGA 4.ConclusionsThe divergence within strains always coincides with the period of epidemic which goes to confirm that the cause of epidemic outbreak should be the emergence of new strain and also why the infection remains endemic despite circulating antibodies. A comparison with a similar study with the viral glycoprotein concludes that the glycoprotein is more suited for vaccine development.     

Effect of climate therapy at Gran Canaria on vitamin D production, blood glucose and lipids in patients with psoriasis

Background Climate therapy (heliotherapy) of psoriasis is an effective and natural treatment. Ultraviolet radiation (UVB) from the sun improves psoriasis and induces vitamin D₃ synthesis. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of climate therapy on vitamin D₃ synthesis, blood glucose, lipids and vitamin B12 in psoriasis patients. Methods Twenty Caucasian patients (6 women and 14 men; mean age, 47.2 years; range, 24–65) with moderate to severe psoriasis [mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score 9.8; range, 3.8–18.8] received climate therapy at the Gran Canarias for 3 weeks. Blood samples were drawn before and after 15 days of sun exposure. In addition, the patients’ individual skin UV doses based on UV measurements were estimated. Results Sun exposure for 15 days lead to a 72.8% (± 18.0 SD) reduction in the PASI score in psoriasis patients. Although no direct correlation was observed between PASI score improvement and UVB dose, the sun exposure improved the vitamin D, lipid and carbohydrate status of the patients. The serum concentrations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] increased from 57.2 ± 14.9 nmol/L before therapy to 104.5 ± 15.8 nmol/L (P < 0.0001) after 15 days of sun exposure; the serum levels of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)₂D] increased from 146.5 ± 42.0 to 182.7 ± 59.1 pmol/L (P = 0.01); the ratio of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased from 2.4 to 1.9 (P < 0.001); and the haemoglobin A₁c (HbA₁c) levels decreased from 5.6 ± 1.7% to 5.1 ± 0.3% (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Climate therapy with sun exposure had a positive effect on psoriasis, vitamin D production, lipid and carbohydrate status.     

The effect of recombinant GM-CSF on the recovery of monkeys transplanted with autologous bone marrow

The regulatory function of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) on granulocyte production in vivo was evaluated in an autologous bone marrow transplantation model using rhesus monkeys. Monkeys were exposed to 9.0 Gy total body irradiation and then transplanted with 5.0 x 10(7) low-density bone marrow cells/kg. Alzet miniosmotic pumps were subcutaneously implanted to deliver rhGM-CSF at a rate of 50,400 U/kg/d. Minipumps, containing either rhGM-CSF or saline, were implanted between zero and five days after transplantation for seven days. Kinetic recoveries of peripheral blood cells after either saline or rhGM-CSF treatment were compared. Treatment with rhGM-CSF accelerated the recovery of neutrophils. Neutrophils in rhGM-CSF-treated animals recovered to 80% (3.4 x 10(3)/mm3) pre-irradiation control levels by day 20, in comparison with only 33% (0.9 x 10(3)/mm3) recovery for saline control monkeys. In addition, the recovery of neutrophils was enhanced over that of the controls, reaching 140% v 70% on day 30. Another prominent feature of rhGM-CSF-treated monkeys was the accelerated recovery of platelets, reaching near 50% normal levels by day 24 in comparison with 20% of normal levels for controls. The infusion of rhGM-CSF was shown to be an effective regulator of early hematopoietic regeneration, leading to the accelerated recovery of both neutrophils and platelets and then providing a consistent sustained increase of neutrophils even in the absence of rhGM-CSF.     

G-CSF及与辛伐他汀联合应用对大鼠急性心肌梗死后细胞凋亡的影响

随着凋亡相关研究的进展,心肌细胞凋亡与心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)的关系逐渐受到重视.本实验联合应用粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte-colony stimu-lating factor,G-CSF)和辛伐他汀动员干细胞修复AMI后的梗死心肌,通过流式及免疫组化法检测细胞凋亡率和BCL-2/BAX比值,评价其干细胞动员作用对梗死后心肌细胞凋亡的影响.