全文获取类型
收费全文 | 22903篇 |
免费 | 1681篇 |
国内免费 | 58篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 138篇 |
儿科学 | 486篇 |
妇产科学 | 318篇 |
基础医学 | 3159篇 |
口腔科学 | 395篇 |
临床医学 | 2842篇 |
内科学 | 3995篇 |
皮肤病学 | 221篇 |
神经病学 | 2029篇 |
特种医学 | 814篇 |
外科学 | 3100篇 |
综合类 | 285篇 |
一般理论 | 36篇 |
预防医学 | 3048篇 |
眼科学 | 471篇 |
药学 | 1721篇 |
中国医学 | 37篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1547篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 148篇 |
2022年 | 258篇 |
2021年 | 517篇 |
2020年 | 319篇 |
2019年 | 465篇 |
2018年 | 563篇 |
2017年 | 427篇 |
2016年 | 478篇 |
2015年 | 631篇 |
2014年 | 823篇 |
2013年 | 1089篇 |
2012年 | 1749篇 |
2011年 | 1795篇 |
2010年 | 1002篇 |
2009年 | 958篇 |
2008年 | 1561篇 |
2007年 | 1713篇 |
2006年 | 1539篇 |
2005年 | 1547篇 |
2004年 | 1490篇 |
2003年 | 1410篇 |
2002年 | 1243篇 |
2001年 | 207篇 |
2000年 | 180篇 |
1999年 | 228篇 |
1998年 | 244篇 |
1997年 | 183篇 |
1996年 | 158篇 |
1995年 | 138篇 |
1994年 | 140篇 |
1993年 | 103篇 |
1992年 | 107篇 |
1991年 | 116篇 |
1990年 | 64篇 |
1989年 | 81篇 |
1988年 | 85篇 |
1987年 | 72篇 |
1986年 | 66篇 |
1985年 | 65篇 |
1984年 | 58篇 |
1983年 | 66篇 |
1982年 | 48篇 |
1981年 | 51篇 |
1980年 | 38篇 |
1979年 | 30篇 |
1978年 | 31篇 |
1977年 | 22篇 |
1976年 | 28篇 |
1973年 | 30篇 |
1969年 | 22篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Ischemia-reperfusion of small liver remnant promotes liver tumor growth and metastases--activation of cell invasion and migration pathways. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kwan Man Kevin T Ng Chung Mau Lo Joanna W Ho Bai Shun Sun Chris K Sun Terence K Lee Ronnie T P Poon Sheung Tat Fan 《Liver transplantation》2007,13(12):1669-1677
Elucidating the mechanism of liver tumor growth and metastasis after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of a small liver remnant will lay the foundation for the development of therapeutic strategies to target small liver remnant injury, and will reduce the likelihood of tumor recurrence after major hepatectomy or liver transplantation for liver cancer patients. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of hepatic I/R injury of a small liver remnant on liver tumor development and metastases, and to explore the precise molecular mechanisms. A rat liver tumor model that underwent partial hepatic I/R injury with or without major hepatectomy was investigated. Liver tumor growth and metastases were compared among the groups with different surgical stress. An orthotopic liver tumor nude mice model was used to further confirm the invasiveness of the tumor cells from the above rat liver tumor model. Significant tumor growth and intrahepatic metastasis (5 of 6 vs. 0 of 6, P=0.015), and lung metastasis (5 of 6 vs. 0 of 6, P=0.015) were found in rats undergoing I/R and major hepatectomy compared with the control group, and was accompanied by upregulation of mRNA levels for Cdc42, ROCK (Rho kinase), and vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as activation of hepatic stellate cells. Most of the nude mice implanted with liver tumor from rats under I/R injury and major hepatectomy developed intrahepatic and lung metastases. In conclusion, hepatic I/R injury of a small liver remnant exacerbated liver tumor growth and metastasis by marked activation of cell adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis pathways. 相似文献
992.
Xiaodong Li Michael S Ominsky Kelly S Warmington Sean Morony Jianhua Gong Jin Cao Yongming Gao Victoria Shalhoub Barbara Tipton Raj Haldankar Qing Chen Aaron Winters Tom Boone Zhaopo Geng Qing‐Tian Niu Hua Zhu Ke Paul J Kostenuik W Scott Simonet David L Lacey Chris Paszty 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2009,24(4):578-588
The development of bone‐rebuilding anabolic agents for potential use in the treatment of bone loss conditions, such as osteoporosis, has been a long‐standing goal. Genetic studies in humans and mice have shown that the secreted protein sclerostin is a key negative regulator of bone formation, although the magnitude and extent of sclerostin's role in the control of bone formation in the aging skeleton is still unclear. To study this unexplored area of sclerostin biology and to assess the pharmacologic effects of sclerostin inhibition, we used a cell culture model of bone formation to identify a sclerostin neutralizing monoclonal antibody (Scl‐AbII) for testing in an aged ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Six‐month‐old female rats were ovariectomized and left untreated for 1 yr to allow for significant estrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss, at which point Scl‐AbII was administered for 5 wk. Scl‐AbII treatment in these animals had robust anabolic effects, with marked increases in bone formation on trabecular, periosteal, endocortical, and intracortical surfaces. This not only resulted in complete reversal, at several skeletal sites, of the 1 yr of estrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss, but also further increased bone mass and bone strength to levels greater than those found in non‐ovariectomized control rats. Taken together, these preclinical results establish sclerostin's role as a pivotal negative regulator of bone formation in the aging skeleton and, furthermore, suggest that antibody‐mediated inhibition of sclerostin represents a promising new therapeutic approach for the anabolic treatment of bone‐related disorders, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis. 相似文献
993.
XiaoYan Tian Rebecca B. Setterberg Xiaodong Li Chris Paszty Hua Zhu Ke Webster S.S. Jee 《BONE》2010,46(3):529-533
The current report describes the skeletal effects of a sclerostin monoclonal antibody (Scl-AbIII) treatment at a yellow (fatty) marrow skeletal site in adult female rats. Ten-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with vehicle or Scl-AbIII at 5 or 25 mg/kg, twice per week by s.c. injection for 4 weeks. Trabecular bone from a yellow (fatty) marrow site, the 5th caudal vertebral body (CVB), was processed undecalcified for quantitative bone histomorphometric analysis. Compared to vehicle controls, Scl-AbIII at both doses significantly increased bone formation parameters and trabecular bone volume and thickness and decreased bone resorption parameter in the trabecular bone of the CVB. As a reference, we also found that the Scl-AbIII at both doses significantly decreased bone resorption and increased bone formation and bone volume in a red (hematopoietic) marrow site, the 4th lumber vertebral body (LVB). It appears that the percentage of increase in trabecular bone volume induced by Scl-AbIII treatment was slightly larger in the LVB than in the CVB. In summary, these preclinical findings show that antibody-mediated sclerostin inhibition has significant bone anabolic effects at both red and yellow marrow skeletal sites. 相似文献
994.
Matthew A. Hamilton Phong Diep Chris Roche Pierre Henri Flurin Thomas W. Wright Joseph D. Zuckerman Howard Routman 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2015,33(4):605-613
This study analyzes the muscle moment arms of three different reverse shoulder design philosophies using a previously published method. Digital bone models of the shoulder were imported into a 3D modeling software and markers placed for the origin and insertion of relevant muscles. The anatomic model was used as a baseline for moment arm calculations. Subsequently, three different reverse shoulder designs were virtually implanted and moment arms were analyzed in abduction and external rotation. The results indicate that the lateral offset between the joint center and the axis of the humerus specific to one reverse shoulder design increased the external rotation moment arms of the posterior deltoid relative to the other reverse shoulder designs. The other muscles analyzed demonstrated differences in the moment arms, but none of the differences reached statistical significance. This study demonstrated how the combination of variables making up different reverse shoulder designs can affect the moment arms of the muscles in different and statistically significant ways. The role of humeral offset in reverse shoulder design has not been previously reported and could have an impact on external rotation and stability achieved post‐operatively. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:605–613, 2015. 相似文献
995.
Acute paraspinal compartment syndrome. A case report 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Khan RJ Fick DP Guier CA Menolascino MJ Neal MC 《The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume》2005,87(5):1126-1128
996.
Klonaris C Katsargyris A Papapetrou A Vourliotakis G Tsiodras S Georgopoulos S Giannopoulos A Bastounis E 《Journal of vascular surgery》2007,45(3):498-504
BACKGROUND: Infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm (IFAP) is a severe complication in parenteral drug abusers, with difficult and controversial management. Ligation alone without revascularization is frequently associated with later intermittent claudication and limb amputation. Furthermore, arterial reconstruction with a synthetic or venous conduit is limited because of a contaminated field and, often, unavailability of autologous venous grafts. In this study, we present our experience with the internal iliac artery (IIA) as a graft for arterial reconstruction after IFAP excision in these patients. METHODS: Data of 14 consecutive patients who presented with IFAP secondary to parenteral drug abuse from 2001 to 2005 were analyzed. Twelve patients (85.7%) were male. The median age was 27 years (range, 19-42 years). In 13 cases, the IFAP involved the common femoral artery, and in 1 case it involved the profunda femoris artery (PFA). In nine patients, we used the IIA for arterial reconstruction (five as a patch and four as an interposition graft), whereas in two patients the arterial deficit was repaired with a great saphenous vein patch. In two cases, an extra-anatomic bypass with a synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene graft was performed. In one patient, the pseudoaneurysm involved the PFA and was treated with excision and ligation of the PFA. RESULTS: All nine patients who underwent revascularization with the use of IIA were free of claudication symptoms. None of them experienced any perioperative complications, had signs of reinfection, or required limb amputation during the follow-up period (median, 19 months; range, 4-52 months). Regarding the remaining five patients, one died 25 days after surgery because of multiorgan failure, and one underwent reoperation because of proximal anastomotic rupture of a synthetic graft. The latter patient finally underwent a transmetatarsal amputation. CONCLUSIONS: The use of IIA for arterial reconstruction after IFAP excision in drug abusers is safe and effective. These preliminary results indicate that the implementation of this technique offers many advantages compared with traditional treatment options. 相似文献
997.
Klonaris C Georgopoulos S Markatis F Katsargyris A Tsigris C Bastounis E 《Vascular》2007,15(3):167-171
We report the successful endovascular repair of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a multimorbid patient 8 months after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). A 74-year-old man with a history of EVAR 8 months earlier presented with hypotension, severe back pain, and tenderness on abdominal palpation. A contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan showed a large retroperitoneal hematoma and confirmed the diagnosis of secondary abdominal aortic rupture. Because the patient had severe comorbidities, the endovascular method was chosen for further management. Two stent grafts were placed appropriately to eliminate a type 1a and a type 3 endoleak owing to modular separation of the left iliac graft limb from the main body stent graft. An additional self-expanding stent was deployed in the solitary right renal artery to open its origin, which was partially overlapped by the proximal cuff. The patient was discharged on the tenth postoperative day and is alive and well 1 year postoperatively. This case indicates that endovascular repair is feasible not only in cases of primarily ruptured AAAs but also in secondarily ruptured AAAs after failure of EVAR. 相似文献
998.
Dahdaleh FS Calva-Cerqueira D Carr JC Liao J Mezhir JJ O'Dorisio TM Howe JR 《Annals of surgical oncology》2012,19(3):966-972
Background
Recent population-based studies have demonstrated significant differences in outcome between patients with pancreatic and ileal neuroendocrine tumors. The objective of this study was to examine the clinicopathologic differences between ileal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors following resection. 相似文献999.
Roman Herout Johannes Graff Angelika Borkowetz Stefan Zastrow Steffen Leike Rainer Koch Desiree-Louise Draeger Chris Protzel Oliver W. Hakenberg Manfred P. Wirth Michael Froehner 《Urologic oncology》2018,36(1):11.e1-11.e6
Objective
To describe the course of disease of patients surgically treated for locally recurrent renal cell carcinoma (LRRCC) after nephrectomy and to identify potential predictive factors for long-term survival.Patients and methods
We, retrospectively, identified 54 patients who underwent surgical resection of LRRCC after open nephrectomy for localized kidney cancer. The median age at time of surgery for LRRCC was 65 years. Survival rates were determined with the Kaplan-Meier method. Mantel-Haenszel hazard ratios were calculated. Comparisons were made with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze combined effects of variables.Results
Median time to local recurrence after nephrectomy was 36 months (5–242 months). Median follow-up after surgery for LRRCC was 39 months. At time of analysis 18 patients (33%) were alive without any evidence of disease, 8 patients (15%) were alive with disease, 20 patients (37%) died of renal cell carcinoma, and 8 patients (15%) died of other causes. A 5-year overall survival (OS) was 60% (95% CI: 0.44–0.73) and 10-year OS was 32% (95% CI: 0.15–0.51). The median survival after surgery for LRRCC was 79 months. In univariate analysis OS differed significantly by the time period between primary surgery and occurrence of LRRCC (<2 years vs. ≥2 years: 10-year OS rate 31% (95% CI: 10.2–55.0) vs. 45% (95% CI: 21.5–65.8; hazard ratio = 0.26; P = 0.0034). In multivariate analysis sarcomatoid features in the primary nephrectomy specimen, positive surgical margins of the LRRCC specimen and a Charlson score of ≥2 were associated with a significantly worse prognosis in this cohort.Conclusion
In patients with a disease-free interval of more than 2 years after surgery for the primary tumor, surgical removal of LRRCC may achieve long-term survival in most patients. In those with a shorter disease-free interval, long-term survival is unlikely. 相似文献1000.
Identification of novel non‐invasive biomarkers of urinary chronic pelvic pain syndrome: findings from the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《BJU international》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Adelle Dagher Adam Curatolo Monisha Sachdev Alisa J. Stephens Chris Mullins J. Richard Landis Adrie van Bokhoven Andrew El‐Hayek John W. Froehlich Andrew C. Briscoe Roopali Roy Jiang Yang Michel A. Pontari David Zurakowski Richard S. Lee Marsha A. Moses the MAPP Research Network 《BJU international》2017,120(1):130-142