铀促排药物研究:Ⅳ,N,N′-双-[N-羧甲基-(2,3-二羟基-5-甲氧羰基苄胺乙酰基]-α,ω-二胺的合成

随着核工业的迅速发展,核燃料铀对人类构成了一种潜在威脅。铀在人体脏器内的沉积不但引起损伤,并能诱发肿瘤。关于铀的促排解毒药物,虽有一些报道,但未见在临床应用。作者等曾合成了多个系列新的膦酸类和邻苯二酚类双取代或单取代胺羧酰胺螫合剂,动物试验结果表明其中的大多数排铀效果显著,尤其是邻苯二酚类单取代胺羧酰胺(Ⅰ)中,若干化合物排铀效果远远超过文献报道较多的钛铁试剂和Phosphicine,而且显示了     

Epidemiology of bronchial asthma in a large industrial region

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) basing on the complex of the disease symptoms within the last year associated with bronchial obstruction (BO) and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire survey (IUATLD) has covered 1572 individuals (mean age 40.1 +/- 0.3 years, 837 females). The responders were divided into 3 age groups. BO and BHR were examined, concentration of air pollutants NO2, SO2, CO were measured. RESULTS: The most typical BA symptoms were defined in males and females in different age groups. The relationship between frequency of BA symptoms on concentration of air pollutants was determined. BO and BHR were found in 13.3% of the respondents. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of BA in a large industrial region is 16.4% (17.5% in males and 14.0% in females).     

Polymorphism of the thiopurine S-methyltransferase gene in African- Americans

The molecular basis for the genetic polymorphism of thiopurine S - methyltransferase (TPMT) has been estab-lished for Caucasians, but it remains to be elucidated in African populations. In the current study, we determined TPMT genotypes in a population of 248 African-Americans and compared it with allele frequencies in 282 Caucasian Americans. TPMT genotype was determined in all individuals with TPMT activity indicative of a heterozygous genotype (</=10.1 U/ml pRBC, n = 23African- Americans, n = 21 Caucasians) and a control group with TPMT activity indicative of a homozygous wild-type genotype (>10.2 U/ml pRBC, n = 23 African-Americans, n = 21 Caucasians). No mutant alleles were found in the high activity control groups. The overall mutant allele frequencies were similar in African-Americans and Caucasians (4.6 and 3.7% of alleles, respectively). However, while TPMT*3C was the most prevalent mutant allele in African-Americans (52.2% of mutant alleles), it represented only 4.8% of mutant alleles in Caucasians ( P < 0.001). In contrast, TPMT*3A and TPMT*2 were less common in African-Americans (17.4 and 8.7% of mutant alleles), whereas TPMT*3A was the most prevalent mutant allele in Caucasians (85.7% of mutant alleles). A novel allele ( TPMT*8 ), containing a single nucleotide transition (G644A), leading to an amino acid change at codon 215 (Arg-->His), was found in one African-American with intermediate activity. These data indicate that the same TPMT mutant alleles are found in American black and white populations, but that the predominant mutant alleles differ in these two ethnic groups.      

Hospital admissions as a function of temperature,other weather phenomena and pollution levels in an urban setting in China

Objective

To explore the relationship between weather phenomena and pollution levels and daily hospital admissions (as an approximation to morbidity patterns) in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China, in 1998–2009.

Methods

Generalized additive models and lag models were constructed with data from official sources on hospital admissions and on mean daily temperature, mean daily wind speed, mean relative humidity, daily total global solar radiation, total daily rainfall and daily pollution levels.

Findings

During the hot season, admissions increased by 4.5% for every increase of 1 °C above 29 °C; during the cold season, admissions increased by 1.4% for every decrease of 1 °C within the 8.2–26.9 °C range. In subgroup analyses, admissions for respiratory and infectious diseases increased during extreme heat and cold, but cardiovascular disease admissions increased only during cold temperatures. For every increase of 1 °C above 29 °C, admissions for unintentional injuries increased by 1.9%. During the cold season, for every decrease of 1 °C within the 8.2–26.9 °C range, admissions for cardiovascular diseases and intentional injuries rose by 2.1% and 2.4%, respectively. Admission patterns were not sensitive to sex. Admissions for respiratory diseases rose during hot and cold temperatures among children but only during cold temperatures among the elderly. In people aged 75 years or older, admissions for infectious diseases rose during both temperature extremes.

Conclusion

In Hong Kong SAR, hospitalizations rise during extreme temperatures. Public health interventions should be developed to protect children, the elderly and other vulnerable groups from excessive heat and cold.     

American Ginseng Improves Glycemia in Individuals with Normal Glucose Tolerance: Effect of Dose and Time Escalation

Objective: We studied the effect of escalating the dose and administration time of American ginseng (AG, Panax quinquefolius L.) in nondiabetic individuals to achieve further improvements in glucose tolerance seen previously when 3g of AG was taken 40 minutes before a 25g glucose challenge.

Methods: Ten nondiabetic individuals (6M:4F; mean ± STD: age = 41 ± 13 years, BMI = 24.8 ± 3.5 kg/m², FBG = 4.5 ± 0.1mmolL^?1) on 12 separate occasions, randomly received 0 (placebo), 3, 6 or 9g of ground AG root at 40, 80, or 120 minutes before a 25g oral glucose challenge. Capillary blood glucose was measured prior to ingestion of AG or placebo capsules and at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes from start of challenge.

Results: Compared with the placebo, 3, 6 and 9g of AG reduced (p<0.05) postprandial incremental glucose at 30, 45 and 60 minutes; also, 3 and 9g of AG did so at 90 minutes. At 60 minutes, 9g of AG reduced incremental postprandial glucose relative to 3g of AG (p<0.05). All AG doses reduced (p<0.05) area under the incremental glucose curve (3g, 26.6%; 6g, 29.3%; 9g, 38.5%). AG taken at different times did not have an additional influence on postprandial glycemia.

Conclusions: In nondiabetic individuals, 3, 6 or 9g of AG taken 40, 80 or 120 minutes before a glucose challenge similarly improved glucose tolerance.     

Can we make sense of takotsubo cardiomyopathy? An update on pathogenesis, diagnosis and natural history

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a form of reversible acute cardiac dysfunction of uncertain pathogenesis, which occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women, often with antecedent severe stress. Systolic dysfunction most commonly affects the apex of the left ventricle. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the pathogenesis of TTC and the optimal diagnostic methodology. Acute catecholamine release may play a component role, but the regional hypokinesis is associated with an acute inflammatory process, with resultant early release of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP. As the diagnosis of TTC has largely been a process of exclusion, there has been considerable underdiagnosis. The combination of demographics, preceding history, ECG appearances and N-terminal pro-BNP elevation may provide the basis for improved early diagnosis. Complete recovery takes at least several months, with a risk of recurrent episodes. Efforts to delineate pathogenesis, expedite diagnosis and evaluate residual disability may assist in the development of appropriate treatment regimens.     

经肛门内镜显微手术治疗直肠绒毛状腺瘤和早期直肠癌31例

目的探讨经肛门内镜显微手术（transanal endoscopicmic rosurgery，TEM）治疗直肠绒毛状腺瘤和早期直肠癌的疗效。方法1995年11月～2003年12月，我院行TEM治疗直肠肿瘤31例。全麻下根据肿瘤位置选择合适的体位，经肛门插入特殊的手术直肠镜，保持CO2充气状态，在立体视镜和腔镜系统下，采用针形电刀或5mm超声刀将直肠肿瘤完整切除（黏膜下或全层切除），手术创口在腔内连续缝合。结果31例直肠肿瘤均获完整切除，切缘均阴性。手术时间45～220min，平均95min；术中出血量0～180ml，平均40ml。手术并发症：暂时性排气失控2例，急性尿潴留1例，慢性阻塞性气道疾病急性发作1例，因服用阿斯匹林而出现继发性出血1例。术后病理分期：pT0期16例，pTis期2例，pT1期7例，pT2和pT3期各3例。31例随访2～92个月，平均23个月，肿瘤无原位复发。结论TEM是治疗直肠绒毛状腺瘤和早期直肠癌的一种安全、有效的微创手术方法。     

6－甲氧基正丁苯酞在大鼠肝微粒体中的代谢研究

报道了用ＧＣ／ＭＳ方法及衍生化技术研究６甲氧基正丁苯酞（ＭＢＰ）在大鼠肝微粒体中的代谢转化结果。６甲氧基正丁苯酞在苯巴比妥（ＰＢ）诱导的大鼠肝微粒体中主要转化为３羟基、γ羟基取代物，６羟基正丁苯酞与一个环氧化代谢产物