Immediate and long-term results of endarterectomies in atherosclerotic occlusions of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries

An analysis of the clinical material evidences a sufficiently high efficiency of endarterectomy even in spread occlusions of the aorto-femoral segments of atherosclerotic etiology with the absence of atheromatosis and calcinosis of the arteries. Good and satisfactory immediate results were obtained in 89.4% of the patients, long-term results in 52.8% and with regard to reoperations--in 67.5% of the patients.     

Hydralazine does not Ameliorate Nitric Oxide Resistance in Chronic Heart Failure

Purpose  

The A-HeFT trial demonstrated incremental survival with hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate combination in African–American patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). It has been suggested that hydralazine might enhance nitric oxide (NO)—mediated effects of organic nitrates by decreasing superoxide (O₂⁻) formation, one of the factors inducing NO resistance. We evaluated whether hydralazine therapy potentiates nitrate-induced vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation by ameliorating NO resistance.     

肝动脉注射阿霉素温度敏感脂质体的制剂研究

自Yatvin等创造温度敏感脂质体以来,许多研究结果证明它是靶治疗的良好载体。Chuang等认为根据荷瘤肝脏的血流分布,设想将温度敏感脂质体通过肝动脉注射滞留于肝动脉,结合人为控制释放脂质体中所包封的药物,有可能提高肝脏肿瘤中的药物浓     

695例茶碱血药浓度监测分析

目的：了解影响茶碱血药浓度的因素以指导临床用药。方法：本文对接受茶碱维持量疗法的695例患者的茶碱血药浓度监测结果进行了回顾性分析。结果：35.1%的病例茶碱血药浓度在有效血药浓度范围内（10-20μg/ml),35.8%的病例茶碱血药浓度低于10μg/ml,29.1%的病例茶碱血药浓度高于20μg/ml；环丙沙星，氟罗沙星，沙丁胺醇提高茶碱血药浓度；特布他林、利福平、速尿降低茶碱血药浓度；合并肝功能异常，肺心病患者茶碱血药浓度偏高；嗜烟患者茶碱血药浓度偏低。结论：茶碱血药浓度个体差异大，药物因素。疾病因素，嗜好等影响茶碱血药浓度，茶碱血药浓度监测对提高其使用的安全性和有效性具有重要的意义。     

肝动脉注射阿霉素温度敏感脂质体的靶行为和治疗应用的研究

Temperature sensitive liposome entrapped adriamycin was injected into the hepatic artery of Wistar rats bearing implanted hepatic tumor. Two hours after the injection, the liver was heated to 42 ℃ and maintained at that temperature for 6 minutes using a local hyperthermia. The variation in the pattern of the concentration of the liposomal drug in circulation, and the drug distribution in tissues were investigated. Results indicated that adriamycin was released from the liposomes with the drug concentration peaking in circulation at 30 minutes after heating. Following the hyperthermia treatment, the total amount of drug in the liver decreased, while that in the tumor and urine increased. The ¹⁴C labeled liposome track test showed that a parallel relationship between the lipid and the drug was maintained for 8 hours after the hepatic injection, and physiological environment was a determinant of change and existence of liposomal carrier. However, the drug encapsulated in the liposomes can be controlled by hyperthermia to target the tumor. Therapeutic experiments showed that in the group treated with the hepatic artery- injected liposome plus hyperthermia control, the liver tumor growth of the rats administered at 7 days after W₂₅₆ carcinosarcoma implantation on liver was notably inhibited and the life-span of the animal was greatly extended compared with those of aqueous administration groups and ⅳ injected liposome group.     

甲基强的松龙对嗅鞘细胞移植治疗受损视网膜神经节细胞的早期保护效应

目的:观察注射甲基强的松龙对嗅鞘细胞移植治疗受损视网膜节细胞的早期保护作用。方法:实验于2005-09/2006-09在北京大学医学部神经解剖实验室完成。实验动物分组:成年雄性SD大白鼠55只随机取出7只为正常对照组,不进行任何实验处理;其余48只为实验组,在手术显微镜下经动物的左侧眶上缘暴露视神经,然后将视神经鞘顺向划开,在距眼球后壁2mm处将视神经剪断。将实验组动物随机分成4组,每组12只:①损伤组。②静脉注射甲基强的松龙组,动物实施术后30min给予一次性尾静脉注射甲基强的松龙注射液(90mg/kg)。③嗅鞘细胞移植组,动物术后移植嗅鞘细胞组织层。④给药后嗅鞘细胞移植组,动物术后30min给予一次性尾静脉注射甲基强的松龙注射液(90mg/kg),然后移植嗅鞘细胞组织层。术后21d麻醉下处死各组大鼠。实验评估:通过视神经逆行荧光标记和蛋白免疫印迹方法观察视网膜神经节细胞存活状况以及热休克蛋白27表达情况。结果:55只SD大鼠均进入结果分析。①视网膜神经节细胞的存活数量:甲基强的松龙静脉注射组高于损伤组[(16.525±9.557),(9.889±5.585)个/视野,P<0.1],给药后嗅鞘细胞移植组明显高于甲基强的松龙静脉注射组和嗅鞘细胞移植组[(28.881±13.660),(16.525±9.557),(13.513±6.840)个/视野,P<0.1,<0.01]。②各组视网膜神经节细胞热休克蛋白27的表达:甲基强的松龙静脉注射组高于损伤组,给药后嗅鞘细胞移植组明显高于甲基强的松龙静脉注射组和嗅鞘细胞移植组。结论:早期注射甲基强的松龙使受损视网膜神经节细胞存活率升高,并使热休克蛋白27表达上调,同时亦表现出了对移植嗅鞘细胞移植治疗受损视网膜神经节细胞的显著保护效应。     

内皮素1对家兔动脉粥样硬化斑块环氧合酶2表达的影响

目的:观察由内皮素1激活的内皮素A受体对家兔动脉粥样硬化斑块环氧合酶2表达的影响。方法:实验于2006-03/09在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院科研中心完成。①实验分组:32只雄性新西兰大白兔完全随机设计分成基础组、模型组、BQ-123组以及辛伐他汀组,每组8只。②实验方法:基础组饲喂普通饲料10周,其余3组均饲喂高脂饲料(1%胆固醇、10%蛋黄粉、5%猪油、84%普通饲料)10周。模型组于第6周开始静脉注射生理盐水(4mL/d)连续注射5周,作为阴性对照;BQ-123组于第6周开始用微量输液泵静脉点滴选择性内皮素A受体拮抗剂BQ-123(4mL/d,30min滴完),连续点滴5周;辛伐他汀组于第6周开始添加药物饲料(含辛伐他汀10mg/d)连用5周。③实验评估:饲喂10周后,采耳动脉血检测血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平;采用免疫组织化学SP法检测主动脉标本中组织内皮素1、巨噬细胞及环氧合酶2蛋白表达。结果:纳入动物32只,均进入结果分析。①4组血清总胆固醇水平比较:模型组、BQ-123组及辛伐他汀组高于基础组(P均<0.01)。BQ-123组及辛伐他汀组低于模型组(P均<0.05)。②4组血清三酰甘油水平比较:模型组、BQ-123组及辛伐他汀组高于基础组(P均<0.01)。BQ-123组及辛伐他汀组低于模型组(P均<0.01)。辛伐他汀组高于BQ-123组(P<0.01)。③4组血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平比较:模型组、BQ-123组及辛伐他汀组高于基础组(P均<0.01)。辛伐他汀组低于模型组(P<0.05)。④4组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平比较:模型组、BQ-123组及辛伐他汀组低于基础组(P均<0.01)。BQ-123组高于模型组(P<0.01)。⑤BQ-123组及辛伐他汀组家兔动脉粥样硬化斑块内皮素1、巨噬细胞源泡沫细胞、环氧合酶2蛋白阳性表达均较模型组明显降低,BQ-123组家兔动脉粥样硬化斑块内皮素1、巨噬细胞源泡沫细胞、环氧合酶2蛋白阳性表达又较辛伐他汀组进一步降低。结论:内皮素1激活的内皮素A受体可以导致家兔动脉粥样硬化斑块环氧合酶2表达的上调;选择性内皮素A受体拮抗剂可以预防家兔动脉粥样硬化进程的发展。