Experimental verification of a model for predicting transient temperature distributions by focused ultrasound

A thermal model for predicting time-dependent temperature distributions during ultrasound heating was tested quantitatively. The relevant thermal processes incorporated in the model are heat conduction and ultrasound power absorption, and the required input parameters include the absolute ultrasound power, the shape and frequency of the ultrasound transducer, and the thermal and acoustical properties of the medium. Testing was done by heating an ultrasonically tissue-mimicking phantom with a 525 kHz, single element, focused source. The phantom has muscle-like acoustical properties and contains an array of copper-constantan thermocouples. Time-dependent temperature changes predicted with the thermal model were in very good agreement with those measured in the phantom, verifying the validity of the model for use in optimizing an ultrasound applicator design for a specific treatment situation.     

对诊断PADAM的血清游离睾酮界限值的初探

目的探寻诊断中老年男子部分雄激素缺乏综合征(PADAM)血清游离睾酮(FT)的界限值。方法根据60例45岁以上健康男性完成伊斯坦布尔症状量表(ISS)与视听性刺激(AVSS)时阴茎勃起监测结果进行分组,计算AVSS勃起功能正常组推算的游离睾酮(CFT)值的参考范围。结果AVSS勃起功能正常组CFT的中位数为0．37(0．20～0．52)nmol/L,异常组的中位数为0．25(0．12～0．40)nmol/L,z=2．25,P＜0．05,差别有显著性意义。两组性功能症状的差别也有极显著性意义(P＜0．01)。CFT的界限值是0．20nmol/L。结论研究用ISS和AVSS勃起功能正常对象的血清FT值,可为诊断PADAM建立界限值。     

葛根素对抗H2O2引起血管平滑肌细胞凋亡及坏死

目的：研究葛根素对过氧化氢引起无血清培养的小牛主动脉血管平滑肌细胞凋亡和坏死的影响。方法：通过体外细胞培养，以噻唑兰（MTT）法测定细胞存活率，用流式细胞术检测细胞DNA含量及凋亡细胞百分率；DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳法观察细胞凋亡过程中DNA断裂程度。结果：H2O2诱导无血清培养的平滑肌细胞凋亡，葛根素可显著降低平滑肌细胞中凋亡细胞百分率，并减少凋亡细胞DNA断裂，同时也减少其引起的平滑肌细胞坏死。结论：葛根素可对抗H2O2引起的无血清培养的血管平滑肌细胞凋凋亡及坏死。     

腰椎间盘突出症治疗方法与肌电图变化的相关性研究

腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation，LDH)是导致腰腿痛的主要病因，本研究对具有典型临床症状、相应体征及MR或CT等影像学资料确诊的LDH，采用规范化非手术治疗，经规范化保守治疗无效者选用手术治疗，治疗前后均行肌电图(elec-tromyograptly，EMG)检查，旨在探讨肌电图变化与治     

Differences in hip axis and femoral neck length in premenopausal women of Polynesian, Asian and European origin

There are substantial inter-racial differences in hip fracture incidence. Studies in several different ethnic groups have suggested that differences in the length of the femoral neck may contribute to these. The present study assesses femoral neck and hip axis lengths in three ethnic groups in which it has not been documented previously (Chinese, Indians and Polynesians) and compares these values with those in Europeans. Lengths were measured from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the proximal femur in normal premenopausal women (n=225). The Polynesian (1.65 m) and European (1.64 m) women were significantly taller than the two Asian groups (mean height in each, 1.58 m). There were also differences in mean body weight, the Polynesians being the heaviest (76 kg) and the Chinese the lightest (53 kg). Femoral neck lengths were (mean + SD) Chinese 61.5+4.4 mm, Indian 61.5+5.1 mm, Polynesian 68.2+4.3 mm and Europeans 66.0+4.8 mm. Hip axis lengths were Chinese 98.0+5.6 mm, Indian 94.5+5.2 mm, Polynesian 106.4 ± 5.3 mm and European 102.3+5.3 mm. Each of the other groups were significantly different from the Europeans for both variables and, in general, this remained so after height adjustment. These data suggest that shorter femoral necks are common to the major Asian racial groups. However, in contrast to all other ethnic groups studied, Polynesians have longer femoral necks than Europeans and their low incidence of hip fracture is not explicable, therefore, in terms of their femoral neck length. This suggests that either higher bone density or other more subtle differences in proximal femoral geometry must account for the low hip fracture incidence in Polynesians.     

“Gallstone Hip” and Other Sequelae of Retained Gallstones.

The fate of gallstones spilled during laparoscopic cholecystostomy has been thought to be relatively benign. Recent experience and a review of the recent literature shows that this is not always the case. We report three cases of complications of retained stones and analyse the literature with regard to types of complications, time to presentation, and recommendations for managing spilled gallstones. Retained gallstones have been shown to cause adhesions in the rat and inflammatory reactions in dogs with no evidence of absorption. The average time to presentation of complications arising from retained gallstones is 27.3 weeks. Complications include: Intraabdominal abscess formation with or without abdominal wall sinus tract formation, persisting abdominal wall sinus tracts from port site abscess, subhepatic inflammatory masses, cholelithoptysis, microabscesses and granuloma formation, liver abscess and “dumbell” shaped abscess with one side of the “dumbell” forming a subcutaneous abscess. We recommend the judicious use of retrieval devices during the extraction phase of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy, diligent removal of any spilled stones and awareness of delayed postoperative pain and tenderness as a harbinger of symptomatic retained gallstones. Documentation of intraoperative gallstone spillage, volume, type of gallstones, and effort to retrieve is recommended.     

Immunogenicity of four Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in 17- to 19-month-old children

OBJECTIVE: To compare the immunogenicity of four Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines in different populations of 17- to 19-month-old children in the United States. DESIGN: Four immunogenicity trials with sera were assayed in one laboratory. Trials 1 and 2 each compared one vaccine in two regions, and trials 3 and 4 were randomized comparisons of multiple vaccines within a region. SUBJECTS: A convenience sample of 313 healthy children recruited from pediatric practices in Minneapolis, Minn., Dallas and Houston, Tex., and Sellersville, Pa. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Children with prevaccination antibody greater than 0.15 microgram/ml showed higher antibody responses to vaccination than children with less than or equal to 0.15 microgram/ml (p less than 0.001). Among the former, there were no significant differences in antibody response to vaccination with the different conjugates within any of the trials. Among children with less than or equal to 0.15 microgram/ml of antibody before vaccination, there were no significant differences in the geometric mean antibody responses of children in trial 1 vaccinated with polyribosylribitol phosphate-diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D) in Dallas or in Minneapolis, or of children in trial 3 in Dallas randomly assigned to receive Hib oligosaccharide-CRM197 (HbOC) or PRP-D. In contrast, in trial 2, children given PRP-tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) in Pennsylvania had a significantly higher geometric mean antibody response than children given PRP-T in Houston (13.5 vs 3.0 micrograms/ml; p = 0.005). In trial 4 in Minneapolis, the geometric mean antibody response was highest in children randomly assigned to receive PRP-outer membrane protein (OMP) (9.3 micrograms/ml), followed by PRP-D (5.0 micrograms/ml) and HbOC (2.3 micrograms/ml) (PRP-OMP vs HbOC; p = 0.005). In all four trials, IgG1 responses predominated compared with IgG2 responses. CONCLUSIONS: All four conjugate vaccines are immunogenic in children 17 to 19 months of age. However, the magnitude of the anticapsular antibody response varied by vaccine type, the level of antibody in prevaccination sera, and geographic location.     

口溃液治疗复发性口腔溃疡208例疗效观察

口溃液主要成分为三氯化铁。本品经对２０８例复发性口腔溃疡患者的临床疗效观察，总有效率为９７．１％，并具有显效迅速，作用持久、涂抹方便等优点。