Folic acid functionalized aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles for tumor cell targeted imaging and photodynamic therapy

Recently, molecules with aggregation-induced luminescence (AIE) characteristics have received more and more attention due to the fluorescence of traditional dyes being easily quenched in the aggregated state. AIE molecules have significant advantages, such as excellent light stability, bright fluorescence, high contrast, and large Stokes shift. These characteristics have aroused wide interest of researchers and opened up new applications in many fields, especially in the field of biological applications. However, AIE molecules or their aggregates have certain limitations in multifunctional biological research due to their low specific targeting ability, poor biocompatibility, and poor stability in physiological body fluids. In order to overcome these problems, a novel nanoparticle, FFM1, was fabricated and characterized. FFM1 displayed good water solubility, biocompatibility, and AIE emission properties. It could target HeLa cells specifically by recognizing their folate receptor. Reactive oxygen triggered by light irradiation induced tumor cell apoptosis. Summarily, FFM1 displayed excellent capacity in target imaging and photodynamic killing of HeLa cells. It has shown potential application value in targeted diagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors, and has important guiding significance for the treatment of malignant tumors. It paves a way for the development of a novel strategy for tumor theranostics.

Herein, a novel nanoparticle, FFM1, displays good water solubility, biocompatibility and AIE emission properties. It has shown potential application value in targeted diagnosis and photodynamic therapy of tumors by recognizing folate receptor.     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性及血清水平与原发性高血压并发脑梗死的关系

目的　研究血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因多态性及血清ACE水平与原发性高血压并发脑梗死的关系。方法　采用聚合酶链反应对 153例观察对象 (正常对照 51例,高血压 47例,原发性高血压并发脑梗死 55例 )的ACE基因进行分型,并测定血清ACE活性。结果　153例受检者中ACE基因多态性与血清ACE水平有关,ACE水平依次为:DD型 >ⅠD型 >Ⅱ型,三者相互之间有显著性差异;原发性高血压并发脑梗死患者的D等位基因频率 (0. 64 )高于单纯EH组 ( 0 44 )和正常对照组 ( 0. 47 )。结论　当地人群基因多态性与血清ACE水平有关,ACE基因缺失多态性与高血压并发脑梗死有关,与高血压无明显相关。     

丙泊酚复合异氟醚控制性降压对脑氧代谢的影响

目的 探讨丙泊酚复合异氟醚控制性降压期间对颅脑手术病人脑氧代谢的影响。方法 选择28例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的择期脑瘤手术病人,随机均分为异氟醚降压（Ⅰ）组,丙泊酚复合异氟醚联合降压（Ⅱ）组。降压幅度与诱导前相比较,MAP下降30％～40％,维持30min。分别于降压前、中、后进行血气分析和血糖测定,计算动颈内静脉血氧含量差（Da-jvO2）和脑氧代谢率（CERO2）。结果 两组降压效果无显著性差异,降压期间HR均明显加快;降压30min时Da-jvO2、CERO2 Ⅱ组低于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;两组于降压前BGa、BGjv渐升高,而Da-jvBG降压前较麻醉前明显下降,组间无显著性差异。结论 丙泊酚复合异氟醚控制性降压期间降低脑氧代谢的作用优于单纯使用异氟醚。     

核转录因子E2F6通过β联蛋白信号通路调控恶性黑素瘤细胞增殖和转移的机制研究

【摘要】 目的 研究核转录因子E2F6在人恶性黑素瘤组织和细胞系中的表达,及其对恶性黑素瘤细胞A375增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法 收集重庆市中医院2012年1月至2017年12月皮肤科确诊的50例皮肤恶性黑素瘤和30例色素痣冻存组织及石蜡切片。通过 qRT-PCR分析 E2F6 mRNA在人恶性黑素瘤和色素痣组织及7株恶性黑素瘤细胞系（HM、A375、WM451、WM35、SK-MEL-1、Hs-695T、MDA-MB-435s）和色素痣细胞中的表达,免疫组化和Western印迹检测E2F6、β联蛋白在人恶性黑素瘤组织中的表达。采用脂质体转染法将E2F6抑制质粒和对照质粒转染至A375细胞,通过qRT-PCR和Western印迹验证E2F6基因的敲减效率。通过CCK8、软琼脂平板克隆实验、Transwell迁移和侵袭实验、3D细胞培养实验检测E2F6基因敲减对A375细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡率,通过Western印迹检测总β联蛋白、活化β联蛋白、c-Myc和细胞周期蛋白D1等水平。两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验;采用Pearson相关系数分析皮肤恶性黑素瘤中E2F6和β联蛋白表达的相关性。结果 7株恶性黑素瘤细胞系E2F6 mRNA相对表达水平均高于色素痣细胞（均P < 0.001）。qRT-PCR显示,皮肤恶性黑素瘤组织中E2F6 mRNA的相对表达（0.000 55 ± 0.000 17）高于色素痣组织（0.000 18 ± 0.000 09,t = 3.22,P < 0.001）。免疫组化、Western印迹显示,皮肤恶性黑素瘤组织中E2F6的相对表达水平高于色素痣组织（均P < 0.001）,而β联蛋白的相对表达水平低于色素痣组（均P < 0.001）。相关性分析显示,恶性黑素瘤组织中E2F6蛋白与β联蛋白的表达呈负相关（免疫组化：r = -0.56,Western印迹：r = -0.63,均P < 0.01）。敲减A375细胞E2F6基因后,E2F6抑制组E2F6 mRNA、蛋白相对水平低于对照组（t = 3.38、2.76,P < 0.001）。CCK-8实验显示,继续培养后48 h,E2F6抑制组细胞增殖能力低于对照组（t = 4.58,P < 0.01）;软琼脂平板实验显示,E2F6抑制组细胞相对克隆比低于对照组（t = 2.26,P＜0.001）;迁移实验显示,E2F6抑制组穿出小室细胞数（165 ± 23）低于对照组（376 ± 22,t = 3.14,P < 0.01）;侵袭实验显示,E2F6抑制组穿出小室细胞数（96 ± 11）低于对照组（315 ± 31,t = 2.12,P < 0.01）;3D细胞培养实验显示,E2F6抑制组细胞形态发生明显变化,侵袭性伪足消失。流式细胞仪检测显示,E2F6抑制组G0 - G1期细胞比例、细胞凋亡率均高于对照组（均P < 0.001）。Western印迹显示,E2F6抑制组β联蛋白水平、活化β联蛋白水平及其下游靶基因蛋白c-Myc、细胞周期蛋白D1水平均低于对照组（P < 0.001）,P21蛋白水平高于对照组（P＜0.001）;E2F6抑制组上皮-间质转化相关分子波形蛋白、神经钙黏着蛋白水平低于对照组（P < 0.001）,而上皮钙黏着蛋白水平高于对照组（P < 0.001）。结论 核转录因子E2F6在恶性黑素瘤中高表达,敲减A375细胞E2F6基因可能通过拮抗β联蛋白信号抑制细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。     

Sacral anterior root stimulated defecation in spinal cord injuries： An experimental study in canine model

AIM: To investigate whether there was a dominant sacral root for the motive function of rectum and anal sphincter, and to provide an experimental basis for sacral root electrically stimulated defecation in spinal cord injuries. METHODS: Eleven spinal cord injured mongrel dogs were included in the study. After L4-L7 laminectomy, the bilateral L7-S3 roots were electrostimulated separately and rectal and sphincter pressure were recorded synchronously. Four animals were implanted electrodes on bilateral S2 roots. RESULTS: For rectal motorial innervation, S2 was the most dominant (mean 15.2 kPa, 37.7% of total pressure), S1(11.3 kPa, 27.6%) and S3 (10.9 kPa, 26.7%) contributed to a smaller part. For external anal sphincter, S3 (mean 17.2 kPa, 33.7%) was the most dominant, S2 (16.2 kPa, 31.6%) and S1(14.3 kPa, 27.9%) contributed to a lesser but still a significant part. Above 85% L7 roots provided some functional contribution to rectum and anal sphincter. For both rectum and sphincter, the right sacral roots provided more contribution than the left roots. Postoperatively, the 4 dogs had electrically stimulated defecation and micturition under the control of the neuroprosthetic device. CONCLUSION: S2 root is the most dominant contributor to rectal pressure in dogs. Stimulation of bilateral S2 with implanted electrodes contributes to good micturition and defecation in dogs.     

Normal anorectal musculatures and changes in anorectal malformation

We investigated the anorectal musclulature in normal children and anorectal malformations (ARM) to evaluate its role in bowel control mechanism. Pelves of 50 neonates died of ARM-unrelated diseases and 16 patients with anorectal malformations (8 high, 5 intermediate, and 3 low ARMs) were dissected and analyzed. Normal anorectal musculature was divided into three muscular tubes: the internal sphincter tube (IAST), longitudinal muscle tube (LMT) and transverse muscle tube (TMT). The LMT came from the outer longitudinal smooth muscle fiber of the rectum and the striated muscle fiber of the levator ani, and the TMT composed of the puborectalis and the external anal sphincter. However, in ARM, the IAST was absent and the LMT, the center of the sphincter muscle complex, was only from the levator ani and could be divided into the pelvic portion and the perineal portion. The former, from the upper rim of the puborectalis to the bulbar urethral, became narrowed and dislocated anteriorly near to the posterior urethra in high ARM and rectal pouch in intermediate ARM. The latter, below the bulbar urethra to the anal dimple, was fused to a column both in high and intermediate ARM. The columnar perineal LMT run downwards and then split, penetrated the superficial part of EAS and terminated at the deep aspect of the skin, to form the anal dimple, which represents the center of the perineal LMT from the perineal aspect. The length of the LMT was longer in high and intermediate ARM than the normal neonate. The columnar perineal LMT and narrowed pelvic LMT could be possibly identified by laparoscopic and perineal approaches retrospectively and widened to allow the passage of the rectum through. The anorectal musculature in ARM is composed of agenesic LMT and TMT and the narrowed LMT gives anatomical evidence of the center, where the neorectum should pull through.     

终末期尿毒症患者腹膜透析健康素养现状及其影响因素

目的 了解终末期尿毒症腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)患者健康素养现状,分析其影响因素,为提高其健康素养提供依据.方法 采用便利抽样方法,选取2019年4月—11月成都市某三级甲等医院肾脏内科腹膜透析中心229例PD患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表和慢性病健康素养量表进行调查并分析其影响因素....     

A novel and effective approach to generate germline-like monoclonal antibodies by integration of phage and mammalian cell display platforms

Phage display technology allows for rapid selection of antibodies from the large repertoire of human antibody fragments displayed on phages. However, antibody fragments should be converted to IgG for biological characterizations and affinity of antibodies obtained from phage display library is frequently not sufficient for efficient use in clinical settings. Here, we describe a new approach that combines phage and mammalian cell display, enabling simultaneous affinity screening of full-length IgG antibodies. Using this strategy, we successfully obtained a novel germline-like anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody named m101, which was revealed to be a potent anti-TIM-3 therapeutic monoclonal antibody via in vitro and in vivo experiments, indicating its effectiveness and power. Thus, this platform can help develop new monoclonal antibody therapeutics with high affinity and low immunogenicity.     

Effectiveness of managing suspected metastasis using plasma D-dimer testing in gastric cancer patients

Tumor metastasis is closely related to the coagulation system. Tumor metastasis and hypercoagulability promote each other through multiple mechanisms. However, whether coagulation indicators can reflect tumor metastasis remains to be explored. Clinical characteristics of a total of 3447 patients from three tertiary referral centers were collected. Then the diagnostic efficacy of FDP, D-dimer and GC tumor markers [Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and Carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4)] for GC metastases was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses. Then we conducted a joint ROC curve analysis. The effects of coagulation parameters and tumor markers on gastric cancer metastasis were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. 2049 patients were diagnosed with primary GC, 1398 patients with metastatic GC. Based on comparison of AUC, FDP (cutoff, 1.915) had significantly higher diagnostic efficacy than fibrinogen (P<0.001), CEA (P<0.001), CA199 (P<0.001) and CA724 (P<0.001). No significant difference was observed between D-dimer (cutoff, 0.905) and FDP (P=0.158). The AUC of tumor markers combined with coagulation indexes was higher than that without combination (P<0.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, age, smoking, D-dimer, FDP, CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4 were found to be significantly associated with GC metastasis (all P<0.001, except for smoking P=0.004). We conclude that plasma FDP and D-dimer may be novel clinical biomarkers for screening metastases of GC.