重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)用于诊断结核分枝杆菌感染的有效性和安全性系统评价

目的:系统评价重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)相较于结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(TB-PPD)用于诊断结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)感染的有效性和安全性。方法:检索临床指南数据库、生物医学文献数据库、卫生行政部门和行业协会官方网站及不良反应监测官方网站,检索时间均自建库截止到2022年2月。英文检索词：Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein、CFP10/ESAT6;中文检索词：重组结核分枝杆菌融合蛋白、重组结核杆菌融合蛋白、宜卡、CFP10/ESAT6。收集重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)和结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(TB-PPD)诊断MTB感染有效性和安全性的指南、共识、团体标准、系统评价和原始研究等。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险,根据异质性大小采用Meta分析或描述性分析。结果:纳入指南2部、专家共识3篇、团体标准2部,均指出重组结核杆菌融合蛋白(EC)和结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(TB-PPD)可用于诊断MTB感染和结核病辅助诊断。纳入系统评价1篇,结果显示,重组...     

强化教育对社区精神分裂症患者遵医行为和康复的影响

目的 探索健康教育对社区精神分裂症患者遵医行为和康复的作用.方法 对100例显效出院的社区精神分裂症患者按先后出院的顺序随机分为教育组和对照组各50例.教育组出院后进行定期家庭随访、电话咨询、集体座谈等多种形式的强化健康教育,定期评价其遵医行为,及时纠正不遵医行为并给予指导;对照组出院后不予干预.两组分别于出院后1月,6月,12月对遵医行为和BPRS,SDSS量表进行评定.结果 教育组在出院后6月和12月遵医行为明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);BPRS、SDSS在出院6月、12月时评定结果明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 健康教育能提高社区精神分裂症患者遵医行为,促进其心理、社会功能的康复,减少其复发率.     

可移植性人脑胶质瘤组织裸小鼠脑内移植及其MR显像研究

背景与目的:文献报道的胶质瘤动物原位移植模型,大多数是将细胞悬液立体定向接种于鼠脑内,操作繁杂,耗时长,难以在短时间内完成批量实验.本研究接种可移植性人脑胶质瘤组织于裸小鼠脑内,探讨建立人脑胶质瘤裸小鼠原位移植模型及其MR活体成像的可行性.方法:在套管针内,置入位于裸小鼠皮下生长的可移植性人脑胶质瘤组织2 mm3,经微型颅钻钻颅孔后经套管针推入裸小鼠右尾状核内,第30天在配有小鼠专用micro-23微线圈的1.5T MR机上进行头颅扫描和专用软件测量显像的肿瘤体积.继而取全脑作连续冰冻切片,HE染色,在光学显微镜下观察肿瘤病理特征,在体视显微镜目镜下用测微尺测量肿瘤.然后将上述两种方法测得的数据进行统计学分析,评价荷瘤鼠活体MR显像计算肿瘤体积的可行性.结果:经MR扫描的15只颅内接种肿瘤的小鼠,有14只的尾状核区域见到肿瘤显像;在脑切片上,与MR像相同部位见到了肿瘤组织.经脑切片测得的肿瘤体积[(23.19±10.18)mm3]和经MRI测得的肿瘤体积[(23.45±11.64)mm3]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).肿瘤模型制作成功率为93%(14/15),肿瘤模型MR显像成功率为100%(14/14).结论:经套管针定量植入胶质瘤组织于裸小鼠尾状核,制作可移植性裸小鼠人脑胶质瘤原位模型,具有操作便捷、省时、便于批量制作、致瘤率高等优点.配有小鼠专用微型线圈的1.5T MR机可用于荷瘤裸小鼠的头颅成像、在活体上对移植瘤进行定位和体积测量等研究.     

不同消融方式对房颤患者的治疗现状

近年来随着介入技术的不断发展，心房颤动（房颤）的治疗已逐步由药物治疗转向介入治疗，尤其对于药物治疗效果差和症状持续性房颤患者，介入治疗可作为首选。目前存在的治疗房颤的导管消融方式有射频消融术、冷冻消融术、脉冲场消融等。本文旨在对不同消融方式在房颤患者中的治疗现状作一概述。     

JZTX-IV, a unique acidic sodium channel toxin isolated from the spider Chilobrachys jingzhao

Neurotoxins are important tools to explore the structure and function relationship of different ion channels. From the venom of Chinese spider Chilobrachys jingzhao, a novel toxin, Jingzhaotoxin-IV (JZTX-IV), is isolated and characterized. It consists of 34 amino acid residues including six acidic residues clustered with negative charge (pI=4.29). The full-length cDNA of JZTX-IV encodes an 86-amino acid precursor containing a signal peptide of 21 residues, a mature peptide of 34 residues and an intervening sequence of 29 residues with terminal Lys-Gly as the signal of amidation. Under whole-cell patch clamp conditions, JZTX-IV inhibits current and slows the inactivation of sodium channels by shifting the voltage dependence of activation to more depolarized potentials on DRG neurons, therefore, differs from the classic site 4 toxins that shift voltage dependence of activation in the opposite direction. In addition, JZTX-IV shows a slowing inactivation of sodium channel with a hyperpolarizing shift of the steady-state inactivation on acutely isolated rat cardiac cell and DRG neurons, differs from the classic site 3 toxins that do not affect the steady-state of inactivation. At high concentration, JZTX-IV has no significant effect on tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) sodium channels on rat DRG neurons and tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) sodium channels on hippocampal neurons. Our data establish that, contrary to known toxins, JZTX-IV neither binds to the previously characterized classic site 4, nor site 3 by modifying channel gating, thus making it a novel probe of channel gating in sodium channels with potential to shed new light on this process.     

观察早期卵裂和原核消失在体外受精-胚胎移植周期中的应用价值

目的:观察早期卵裂和原核消失在体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗中的应用价值。方法:①对行IVF-ET治疗的210例239个周期,于受精后18～19h观察受精情况,25～26h观察早期卵裂与原核消失情况,66～68h再进行1次胚胎观察,了解其临床妊娠率和胚胎种植率。②根据移植胚胎中有无早期卵裂或原核消失将患者分为:早期卵裂或原核消失组(139例152个周期)与无早期卵裂或原核消失组(71例87个周期),比较两组优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率和胚胎种植率。结果:①临床妊娠率为42.7%,胚胎种植率为28.9%。②发生早期卵裂的胚胎在受精后第3日的优质胚胎率高于未发生早期卵裂的胚胎(P<0.01);发生2原核消失(2PNBD)胚胎在受精后第3日的优质胚胎率又高于2原核(2PN)持续存在的胚胎(P<0.01)。③有早期卵裂或原核消失组的优质胚胎率(75.5%)、临床妊娠率(44.7%)和胚胎种植率(29.5%)分别高于无早期卵裂或原核消失组(P<0.01)。在早期卵裂或原核消失组,随移植胚胎中发生早期卵裂或原核消失的胚胎数目增加,妊娠率及多胎妊娠率有增加趋势。④受精25～26h,有0.95%的2PN合子变成≥3PN合子;1.37%的2PN合子变成1PN合子;0.83%的1PN合子变成2PN合子。结论:早期卵裂和原核消失可以作为选择移植胚胎的一个指标,可作为辅助生殖技术实验室常规观察项目,提高IVF-ET成功率。     

Ureterocele in adults. Five case reports

The authors report five cases of ureterocele during six years. Mean age of the patients was 34.2 +/- 11.1 years. There were four female and one male. Pain (N = 3) and dysuria (N = 3) were the most common symptoms at examination. Diagnosis was made by ultrasound (N = 3), IVU (N = 3) or cystoscopy (N = 1). Ureteroceles were bilateral in four cases, unilateral in one case and were always intravesical with single ureter. Two patients presented lithiasis enclosed in the ureterocele. Only four patients had been operated. Surgical treatment was ureterocelectomy with ureteral reimplantation according to Cohen procedure. With mean follow-up of 10.6 +/- 4.7 months results were stable without complications.     

Postnatal development of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive neurons in the retina of the golden hamster

The histochemical method was used to investigate the postnatal development of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) -positive neurons in retinas of the golden hamster. NADPH-d-positive neurons were discernible in the retina at postnatal day (P)1. From P4 onward to adulthood, when the retina acquired its laminated characteristics, NADPH-d- positive neurons were observed in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Results showed that NADPH-d-positive neurons in INL and GCL followed different time courses and patterns in their development. NADPH-d-positive neurons in INL underwent a sharp increase from P4 to P8 (3.6-fold), followed by a decrease to 46% of the maximum at P12. This value was maintained relatively constant to the adult level. The mean diameters of NADPH-d-positive neurons in INL, which were smaller than those in the GCL for all ages, increased from P8 to P12 and from P20 to adulthood. As for neurons in the GCL, the increase in cell number was not so apparent for the earlier postnatal days until P20; thereafter, an obvious increase to the adult level was observed. The mean diameters of the NADPH-d-positive cell bodies in the GCL increased with age, except for P16-P20, during which time there was a slight and insignificant decrease. The tendency of changes in cell density was basically similar to that of the total number for both the INL and the GCL. Between P12 and P20, the density distribution map of the NADPH-d-positive neurons underwent dramatic changes: The highest density shifted from the upper central retina at the earlier postnatal days to the lower central retina in the adult. The two waves of increase in NADPH-d-positive neurons coincide with the process of axonal elongation and synaptogenesis and the acquisition of visual function and experience. It is suggested that these NADPH-d-positive neurons are related to these two developmental events.     

Pentoxifylline attenuated the renal disease progression in rats with remnant kidney

Previous studies have reported that pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, attenuates experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. This study hypothesized that pentoxifylline could also attenuate the renal disease progression in rats with remnant kidney. After 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy, rats developed progressively elevated proteinuria and plasma creatinine, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis, all of which were attenuated by 40 to 60% by pentoxifylline. However, the elevated BP was not changed by pentoxifylline. Pentoxifylline reduced the upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene by 60% in the cortex of remnant kidney, as well as in a dose-dependent manner in the albumin- or angiotensin II-stimulated proximal tubular cells. It also reduced the upregulation of mitogenic and profibrogenic genes by 50%, including platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, transforming growth factor-beta(1), connective tissue growth factor, and types I and III collagen in the cortex of remnant kidney. Furthermore, pentoxifylline was found to decrease the numbers of interstitial myofibroblasts by 60% in the cortex of remnant kidney and suppress the proliferation of cultured interstitial fibroblasts. It also reduced the angiotensin II-induced or transforming growth factor-beta(1)-induced expression of connective tissue growth factor gene in cultured fibroblasts and mesangial cells. Combining pentoxifylline with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, cilazapril, almost completely attenuated the renal disease progression in rats with remnant kidney. In conclusion, pentoxifylline alone can attenuate the chronic renal disease progression. Its combination with cilazapril has the potential to prevent the renal disease progression almost completely.     

珠海口岸首次截获褐带蠊

珠海出入境检验检疫局于2003年8月29日从1艘巴拿马籍货轮上捕获1只雌性褐带蠊成虫Supella longipalpa(Fabricius，1798)。该种蜚蠊起源于非洲，在美国是常见室内种，在我国罕见。其主要特征为：有2条淡褐色带状横斑位于翅基部和腹部，因此俗称其为“褐带蠊”。为防止该蜚蠊通过国际航行船舶传入我国，对褐带蠊的形态特征进行描述，以供口岸检疫人员和昆虫研究人员鉴别之用。