门诊输液室健康教育效果观察

目的 探讨在门诊输液室加强健康教育,提高输液患者的遵医行为,提高患者对疾病相关知识的知晓率,调高患者对护理服务质量的满意度,改善护患关系.方法 选择212例输液患者随机分为观察组和对照组各106例.对照组采用常规的输液护理,观察组在常规输液护理的基础上加强健康教育,二组患者对遵医行为的依从性,以及对疾病、药物、及输液知识的知晓率和对护理服务质量的满意度进行比较.结果 观察组的遵医行为,疾病、药物、输液相关知识的知晓率,以及对护理服务质量的满意度明显提高.结论 加强门诊输液室患者的健康教育可以提高患者的遵医行为及相关知识的知晓率,提高输液患者满意度,改善护患关系.     

Effects of perioperative statins on patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery: a meta-analysis

Background: Cardiovascular complications are strongly correlated with a higher risk of mortality during follow-up after noncardiac surgery. However, controversy remains regarding whether perioperative administration of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) has a beneficial effect on patient outcomes.

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to validate the hypothesis that perioperative statins improve patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery.

Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to 10 November 2017. RCTs were eligible for inclusion if they compared perioperative statin treatment with control treatment in patients scheduled for noncardiac surgery and reported data pertaining to clinical outcomes.

Results: Twelve RCTs involving 4707 patients (2371 in the perioperative statin group and 2336 in the control group) were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. The incidences of postoperative myocardial infarction, composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke and new cases of atrial fibrillation were all lower in patients treated with statins than in control group patients, as shown by the fixed-effects model (odds ratio (OR)?=?0.460, 95% confidence interval (CI)?=?0.324–0.653, p?=?0 for myocardial infarction; OR?=?0.617, 95% CI?=?0.476–0.801, p?=?0 for composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke; OR?=?0.406, 95% CI?=?0.247–0.666, p?=?0 for new atrial fibrillation). No significant differences in the incidences of stroke or transient ischemic attack, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were observed between the statin and control arms.

Conclusions: This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that perioperative statins effectively reduce the incidences of postoperative myocardial infarction, composite of death/myocardial infarction/stroke and new cases of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.

• Key Messages

• Cardiovascular complications are strongly correlated with a higher risk of mortality during follow-up after noncardiac surgery.

• We performed a meta-analysis to confirm the hypothesis that perioperative statins improve patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery.

     

Effects of Exercise Training on Restless Legs Syndrome,Depression, Sleep Quality,and Fatigue Among Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Context

Hemodialysis (HD) patients experience a heavy symptom burden that leads to a decreased quality of life. Pharmacological treatment is effective but costly and has adverse effects. Exercise is a promising approach for symptom management, but the effect of exercise on restless legs syndrome (RLS), depression, sleep quality, and fatigue in HD patients is still uncertain.

Nickel-foam-supported β-Ni(OH)2 as a green anodic catalyst for energy efficient electrooxidative degradation of azo-dye wastewater

Electrochemical oxidative degradation (EOD) is a particularly promising technique for removing organic pollutants from wastewater. However, due to the high overpotential of EOD in conventional anode materials, the energy cost of EOD is usually very high, which greatly promotes the search for highly active, stable, and energy-efficient anodic catalysts. Herein, we demonstrated that nickel-foam-supported (NF-supported) β-Ni(OH)₂ (NF/β-Ni(OH)₂) prepared via a facile hydrothermal method could be used as an energy efficient anode for EOD. The as-prepared 3D porous NF/β-Ni(OH)₂ exhibited high activity toward the electrochemical oxidation of methyl orange (MO) in the low potential region (<1.07 V vs. SCE). This property differs greatly from those of the conventional anode materials that require a high positive potential to keep them active for EOD, making NF/β-Ni(OH)₂ an energy-efficient and active anode material for EOD. With an oxidation current density of 0.25 mA cm⁻², the decolorization of MO was completed within 30 min, and the COD removal after 3h of reaction was 63.0%. The normalized energy consumption for the 3 h degradation of MO was 22.2 kW h (kg COD)⁻¹, which is only a fraction of (or even one tenth of) the values reported in the literature. Moreover, NF/β-Ni(OH)₂ had a good stability and recyclability for EOD. No activity decay was observed during 10 h of EOD and the COD removal remained almost unchanged after four consecutive reaction cycles. We demonstrated experimentally that the NF/β-Ni(OH)₂ anode could generate large amounts of hydroxyl radicals and that the oxidation of MO by hydroxyl radicals was the main mechanism during EOD. We believe that this work opens a new avenue for developing highly active and energy-efficient anode materials that can work in the low potential region for EOD.

A novel NF/β-Ni(OH)₂ catalyst for energy efficient electrochemical degradation of methyl orange was fabricated via a facile hydrothermal method.     

Evaluation of Anti-Bacterial and Wound Healing Activity of the Fruits of Amorpha Fruticosa L.

As the traditional Chinese medicine, the fresh fruits of Amorpha fruticosa L. were applied for the treatment of carbuncle, eczema and burn (Das et al., 2007). However, little is known about the functional roles of the fruits of Amorpha fruticosa L. during wound healing progress. In the present study, we evaluated both antimicrobial potential against a wide range of microorganisms and wound healing activity of the seven compounds isolated from the fruits of Amorpha fruticosa L in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that compounds I (6a,12a-dehydroamorphin), V (dehydrosermundone) and VI (tephrosin) isolated from the fruits of Amorpha fruticosa L. performed dominant antimicrobial potential against microorganisms. Moreover, these compounds significantly enhanced fibroblasts proliferation and migration, leading to promotion of wound healing. Thus, it could be possible for the therapeutic utilization of Amorpha fruticosa L. for wound healing in the future.     

Improving the solubility and bioavailability of anti-hepatitis B drug PEC via PEC–fumaric acid cocrystal

PEC is a new generation of phosphamide ester anti-hepatitis B virus drug. It is a prodrug of tenofovir and can be rapidly metabolized to tenofovir. However, its poor solubility in water (0.219 mg mL⁻¹ at 25 °C) has limited its oral bioavailability. In this study, we aimed to improve the solubility and consequently the oral bioavailability of PEC via a cocrystal. A cocrystal of PEC with fumaric acid (FUA) (PEC–FUA, 1 : 1) was successfully obtained and characterized. The crystal structure of this cocrystal was tested using a single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) characterization was performed in a pH 6.8 buffer. The solubility of this cocrystal in 0.1 M HCl (pH 1.0) and pH 6.8 phosphate buffers was investigated, and the results showed that the solubility of the cocrystal was 3.8 and 4.0 times that of free PEC, respectively. We also studied the pharmacokinetics of beagle dogs. The mean AUC_{0–24 h} of the cocrystal is about 4.2 times that of free PEC, indicating that the solubility and bioavailability of PEC can indeed be improved by forming the cocrystal. It may become an ideal solid form of an active pharmaceutical ingredient suitable for pharmaceutical preparations, and it can be further studied later.

A cocrystal of PEC with fumaric acid (FUA) (PEC–FUA, 1 : 1) was successfully obtained and characterized. The mean AUC_{0–24 h} of the cocrystal is about 4.2 times that of free PEC.