Interactions of infectious symptoms and modifiable risk factors in sudden infant death syndrome. The Nordic Epidemiological SIDS study

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of infection on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and to analyse whether modifiable risk factors of SIDS, prone sleeping, covered head and smoking act as effect modifiers. In a consecutive multicentre case-control study of SIDS in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, questionnaires on potential risk factors for SIDS were completed by parents of SIDS victims, and for at least two controls matched for gender, age and place of birth. All SIDS cases were verified by an autopsy. The study comprised 244 SIDS cases and 869 controls, analysed by conditional logistic regression. Significantly more cases than controls presenting symptoms of infectious diseases during the last week and/or last day were treated with antibiotics and had been seen by a physician. The finding is consistent with the hypothesis of an infectious mechanism in SIDS induced by local microorganism growth and toxin or cytokine production, and also adds further support to a possible association between infection and SIDS by loss of protective mechanisms, such as arousal. The risk of SIDS among infants with the combined presence of infectious symptoms and either of the other modifiable risk factors, prone sleeping, head covered or parental smoking, was far greater than the sum of each individual factor. These risk factors thus modify the dangerousness of infection in infancy.     

应用间断流动式血细胞分离机采集外周血造血干细胞的效果分析

目的:为寻找采集外周血造血干细胞更合适的手段,探讨间断流动式血细胞分离机采集外周血造血干细胞的效果。方法:选择中山大学第五附属医院血液风湿科2004-2006年12例行外周血造血干细胞移植住院患者。①实验对象:供者5例,男1例,女4例,一般状况良好,与患者关系为同胞妹妹3例,同胞弟弟1例,同胞姐姐1例;患者7例,男3例,女4例,23～62岁,7例为自体移植,5例为异基因移植。血液系统疾病患者9例(非霍奇淋巴瘤3例,急性淋巴细胞白血病2例,急性髓细胞白血病2例,慢性粒细胞白血病1例,骨髓增生异常综合征1例);自身免疫性疾病3例(重型系统性红斑狼疮2例,难治复发性类风湿关节炎合并干燥综合征1例)。②实验过程:每位供/患者均知情同意并签署知情同意书。对于自体患者,根据患者的疾病类型采取不同的干细胞动员化疗方案,联合化疗后7～10d,待白细胞下降至最低点,一般为≤1.0×109 L-1时,给予粒细胞集落刺激因子5μg/kg皮下注射,白细胞升至3.0×109 L-1时开始采集;对于allo-PBSCT供者直接给予粒细胞集落刺激因子5μg/kg,皮下注射,1次/d,共5d,同时应用流式细胞仪检测CD34 细胞数,至白细胞升至≥20.0×109 L-1或当CD34 细胞升高>20个/μL时采用增强型多功能血细胞分离机PBSC程序卡采集健康供者和患者外周血造血干细胞。③实验评估:分析采集效率、血液学参数、不良事件发生率、以及供、受者ABO血型不合的患者回输干细胞溶血反应等情况。结果:12例供者、患者均进入结果分析。①共进行了24次采集,其中1次采集1例,2次采集7例,3次采集3例,平均循环次数(25±5)次,采集时间(228±32)min,处理血量(7234±1205)mL,复方枸橼酸钠溶液用量为(623±96)mL,干细胞收集量为(102±21)mL,CD34 细胞采集效率为(54.3±30.7)%,细胞计数示白细胞为(156±34)×109 L-1,单个核细胞为(79.7±13.2)×109 L-1,流式细胞仪检测CD34 细胞为(10.30±4.38)×106/kg受者体质量。②不良反应轻微,24次采集过程中出现不良反应6次均为枸橼酸盐所致低钙血症反应。血红蛋白和血小板与采集前相比分别下降9.36%和11.10%。供、受者ABO血型不合的3例患者在输注造血干细胞悬液后均未出现溶血反应。③12例均获造血功能重建,无移植相关死亡。结论:用间断流动式血细胞分离机采集外周血造血干细胞效果良好,不良反应轻微,能有效的减少被采集者红细胞、血小板的丢失,对供、受者ABO血型不合者不需去除造血干细胞悬液中的红细胞,值得临床应用。     

The changing clinical pattern of Reye's syndrome 1982-1990

OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in the clinical pattern of Reye's syndrome in the British Isles between 1982 and 1990; and to determine the relation between any changes and the June 1986 warnings against the use of aspirin in children. DESIGN: Development, and application to reported cases, of a scoring system designed such that patients showing the typical clinical and pathological features of 'classical' Reye's syndrome scored highly. The relations between 'Reye scores' and a number of explanatory variables were explored using multivariable analysis. SETTING: British Isles. SUBJECTS: 445 cases fulfilling the Reye's syndrome case definition reported to the surveillance scheme between January 1982 and December 1990. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Individual 'Reye score'. RESULTS: Cases with high scores were more likely to have occurred in the 4 1/2 year period before June 1986 compared with the subsequent period (p < 0.006). Numbers of cases in the low and intermediate score categories declined by about 50% after June 1986, whereas those in the high category fell by 79%. High scorers were more likely to have received aspirin (p < 0.0001) and were older than intermediate and low scorers (p < 0.008). No relation was identified between score and season of onset. CONCLUSIONS: The decline in Reye's syndrome after the aspirin warnings cannot be explained entirely, as has been proposed, by improved diagnosis of 'Reye-like' inherited metabolic and other disorders: this would not account for the greater decline of the high scoring subgroup which also contained those cases most likely to resemble 'classical' Reye's syndrome and to have received aspirin. This study provides further evidence for the role of aspirin in a subset of cases meeting the standard diagnostic criteria for Reye's syndrome and supports the need to consider this disorder as a heterogeneous group of conditions including Reye-like inherited metabolic disorders.     

Prognostic factors associated with six month mortality of critically ill elderly patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe acute cholangitis

BackgroundLittle is known about the outcomes of elderly patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe acute cholangitis (SAC). The objectives were to describe the 6-month mortality in patients with SAC ≥75 years and to identify factors associated with this mortality.MethodsBi-center retrospective study of critically ill elderly patients with SAC conducted between 2013 and 2017. Demographic and clinical variables of ICU and hospital stays with a 6-month follow-up were analyzed.Results85 patients, with a median [Q1–Q3] age of 83 [80–89] years were enrolled of whom 51 (60%) were men. SAC was due to choledocholithiasis in 72 (85%) patients. Median [Q1–Q3] ICU length of stay was 3 [2–6] days. Median [Q1–Q3] admission SAPS II was 50 [42–70]. The ICU and 6-month mortality rates were 18% and 48% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that malnutrition (OR = 34.5, 95% CI [1.4–817.9]) and a decrease in SOFA score at 48 h (OR by unit 0.7, 95% CI [0.5–0.9]) were associated with higher 6-month mortality.ConclusionIn their decision-making process, ICU physicians and hepato-pancreato-biliary surgeons could use these data to estimate the probability of survival of an elderly patient presenting with SAC and to offer time-limited trials of intensive care.Trial registrationNCT03831529.     

换液频率对骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性的影响

目的:培养条件是影响骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性的重要因素。实验考察换液频率对兔骨髓间充质干细胞增殖分化及代谢特性等的影响。方法:实验于2005-03/2005-06在华东理工大学生物反应器工程国家重点实验室完成。①实验材料:1月龄新西兰大白兔购自上海市淞江车墩实验动物良种场。实验过程中对动物处置符合动物伦理学标准。②实验方法:采用密度梯度离心法从兔股骨骨髓中分离得到骨髓间充质干细胞,体外培养扩增后,取生长良好的第3代细胞分别以24,48,72h时间间隔进行换液培养。③实验评估:观察细胞形态学变化,测定细胞生长曲线同时进行乳酸和氨代谢分析,并对几种条件下收获的细胞进行集落形成和成骨分化检测。结果:①每24h换液的细胞最早进入对数生长期,第5天达到增殖顶点,最大细胞数目可达3.44×105,分别是48h和72h换液频率的1.43倍和1.71倍。②每48h换液条件下收获的细胞具有最强的集落形成能力,明显高于每24h和每72h换液条件下收获的细胞。③3种换液频率条件下收获的细胞经成骨诱导后茜素红染色均为阳性,其中每48h换液的细胞胞外钙基质分泌最高。④3种换液频率条件下细胞的代谢曲线无明显差异,乳酸和氨均维持较低浓度,分别在5mmol/L和2mmol/L以下。结论:①换液频率对骨髓间充质干细胞的影响具有双向性。提高换液频率促进骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖,同时也加速了干细胞特性的丢失,导致集落形成能力和成骨分化能力下降。②普遍采用的三四天换液不能提供适合骨髓间充质干细胞生长同时利于干细胞特性维持的营养环境,提示可通过常规培养条件的优化使其有利于骨髓间充质干细胞执行对称的细胞分裂。