Reconstruction of palatomaxillary defects following cancer ablation with temporalis muscle flap in medically compromised patients: a 15-year single institutional experience

Objectives

Successful reconstruction of palatomaxillary defects following cancer ablation represents a formidable challenge for surgeons to achieve consistently favorable outcomes. The purpose of this article is to present our experience in oncologic palatomaxillary repair with temporalis muscle flap (TMF) for medically compromised patients who are not ideal candidates for microvascular reconstruction at a Chinese tertiary referral hospital over a 15-year period (1998–2012).

Method

A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with compromised medical conditions who underwent oncologic palatomaxillary reconstruction using TMF. Patients’ demographics, clinicopathological variables, and surgical techniques were presented. Postoperative functional and aesthetic outcomes were assessed by measurements and patients self-evaluations.

Results

Sixty-nine TMFs were successfully harvested and used for immediate oncologic palatomaxillary reconstruction in 67 patients (31 males and 36 females, mean age 60.4 years) with diverse primary malignancies. These patients’ co-morbidities included systemic diseases, preoperative chemotherapy/radiotherapy, and elder over 65 years which precluded the ideal utility of free flaps. Fifty-one patients remained alive without disease, while nine had recurrences/metastases and seven died during the follow-up (0.5–10.4 years, mean 3.7 years). All flaps survived with only partial necroses in four cases. Complications and donor-site morbidities were minimal with five transient facial paralysis and four mild diplopia and enophthalmos. Unrestricted diet and mouth opening, intelligible speech, and satisfactory temporal aesthetics were obtained in most patients.

Conclusion

The TMF is a reliable, versatile, and alternative option for oncologic palatomaxillary reconstruction with satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes and minimal complications, especially when appropriately selected for those medically compromised patients.     

放射性颌骨坏死的术式选择及疗效评价

目的：探讨经济有效的治疗放射性颌骨坏死（RONJ）的手术方式。方法77例RONJ根据颌骨坏死的范围、软组织条件选择不同治疗方式。方案1：骨坏死范围局限,牙龈及周围软组织无明显炎症的采用局部刮治或方块切除术;方案2：骨坏死范围较大、周围软组织炎症明显和（或）伴有明显纤维化的病例在控制炎症后,扩大切除同时行血管化游离复合组织瓣修复。结果21例采用方案1,其中15例一期愈合、6例行二次刮治或方块切除;56例采用方案2,其中软组织条件较好的30例,22例一期愈合,5例延期愈合,3例发生骨组织瓣血管危象,经探查和再吻合后1例正常愈合,2例仍发生组织瓣坏死;软组织炎症明显或伴有局部组织明显纤维化26例中,7例出现骨组织瓣血管危象,探查和再吻合后5例正常,2例出现骨坏死,9例一期愈合,15例局部出现不同程度软组织感染坏死,延期愈合。结论局限性放射性颌骨坏死可采用刮治或方块切除;骨坏死范围较大、软组织条件较好的采用血管化游离组织瓣进行修复;软组织纤维化明显的失败率较高,临床使用时应综合多方因素考虑。     

行辅助生殖技术患者流产胎儿人白细胞抗原-G基因14bp插入/缺失多态性分析

目的探讨行辅助生殖技术后流产但染色体数目正常的胎儿人白细胞抗原-G(HLA-G)基因第8外显子14bp插入/缺失多态性情况,以期揭示其与流产发生的相关性。方法应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)及片段分析方法对符合入选条件的47例体外受精(IVF)流产胎儿(IVF流产组)、35例卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)流产胎儿(ICSI流产组)及49例自然妊娠但选择行人工流产的胎儿(染色体数目正常;对照组)的HLA-G基因14bp插入/缺失多态性进行分析。结果 14bp插入/缺失等位基因频率在各组间相近,无统计学差异(P0.05);各组的HLA-G基因+14/+14、+14/-14和-14/-14基因型频率相似,无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论结果提示HLA-G基因14bp插入/缺失多态性不是引起通过辅助生殖技术方式妊娠的染色体数目正常胎儿流产发生的原因。     

经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的护理研究

微创经皮肾镜取石术是经皮肾造瘘,建立工作通道,结合气压弹道碎石治疗泌尿系统结石的一种微创手术,因其创伤小、疗效确切、术后恢复快等优点,在临床上广泛应用[1].虽然它是一种微创手术,但也有一定的并发症,加强病人围术期的护理是减少并发症的重要手段之一[2].为此,选择我科2005年12月-2007年12月的30例行微创经皮肾镜取石术病人,探讨其有效的护理措施,为临床诊治和护理提供一定的思路.现介绍如下.     

Fournier坏疽36例诊疗分析

Fournier坏疽是一种以阴囊/阴唇坏死为主,合并有阴茎、会阴或肛周、腹壁组织韧带发生严重坏疽的一种重症感染性盘膜炎。     

No clinical benefit of gender-specific total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 6 randomized controlled trials

Background and purpose

There is no consensus regarding the clinical relevance of gender-specific prostheses in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We summarize the current best evidence in a comparison of clinical and radiographic outcomes between gender-specific prostheses and standard unisex prostheses in female patients.

Methods

We used the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Science Citation Index, and Scopus databases. We included randomized controlled trials published up to January 2013 that compared gender-specific prostheses with standard unisex prostheses in female patients who underwent primary TKAs.

Results

6 trials involving 423 patients with 846 knee joints met the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 designs regarding pain, range of motion (ROM), knee scores, satisfaction, preference, complications, and radiographic results. The gender-specific design (Gender Solutions; Zimmer Inc, Warsaw, Indiana) reduced the prevalence of overhang. However, it had less overall coverage of the femoral condyles compared to the unisex group. In fact, the femoral prosthesis in the standard unisex group matched better than that in the gender-specific group.

Interpretation

Gender-specific prostheses do not appear to confer any benefit in terms of clinician- and patient-reported outcomes for the female knee.Women account for almost two-thirds of knee arthroplasties (Kurtz et al. 2007). Recently, a possible effect of gender on functional outcomes and implant survivorship has been identified (Vincent et al. 2006, Ritter et al. 2008, Kamath et al. 2010, Parsley et al. 2010, O’Connor 2011). Gender differences in the anatomy of the distal femur are well documented (Conley et al. 2007, Yue et al. 2011a, b, Yan et al. 2012, Zeng et al. 2012). Women tend to have a less prominent anterior condyle (Conley et al. 2007, Fehring et al. 2009), a higher quadriceps angle (Q-angle) (Hsu et al. 1990, Woodland et al. 1992), and a reduced mediolateral to anteroposterior aspect ratio (Chin et al. 2002, Chaichankul et al. 2011). Investigators have found that standard unisex knee prostheses may not equally match the native anatomy in male and female knees (Clarke and Hentz 2008, Yan et al. 2012). A positive association between the femoral component size and the amount of overhang was observed in females, and femoral component overhang (≥ 3 mm) may result in postoperative knee pain or reduced ROM (Hitt et al. 2003, Lo et al. 2003, Mahoney et al. 2010).The concept of gender-specific knee prostheses was introduced to match these 3 anatomic differences in the female population (Conley et al. 2007). It includes a narrower mediolateral diameter for a given anteroposterior dimension, to match the female knee more closely. Additionally, the anterior flange of the prothesis was modified to include a recessed patellar sulcus and reduced anterior condylar height (to ovoid “overstuffing” during knee flexion) and a lateralized patellar sulcus (to accommodate the increased Q-angle associated with a wider pelvis).Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have failed to establish the superiority of the gender-specific prosthesis over the unisex knee prosthesis in the female knee (Kim et al. 2010a, b, Song et al. 2012a, Thomsen et al. 2012, von Roth et al. 2013). In contrast, other studies have found higher patient satisfaction and better radiographic fit in the gender-specific TKAs than in the standard unisex TKAs (Clarke and Hentz 2008, Parratte et al. 2011, Yue et al. 2014). We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the clinical and radiographic results of TKA in female patients receiving gender-specific prostheses or standard unisex prostheses.     

应用凯时预防慢性重症肝炎并发肝肾综合征的观察及护理

肝肾综合征是指严重肝脏疾病且排除原发性肾脏疾病情况下,短时间内发展成功能性肾衰竭.慢性重症肝炎极易发生多项并发症,肝肾综合征是其中之一.一旦发展为肝肾综合征,治疗护理难度很大,病死率高.因此在改善肝功能的同时,预防肝肾综合征的发生尤为重要.近4年来,应用凯时注射液治疗慢性重症肝炎预防并发肝肾综合征,取得了较好的临床疗效.现介绍如下.……     

有限元法分析不同桩核材料对第一前磨牙In-ceram全瓷冠应力的影响

为评价不同种类和强度桩核材料对第一前磨牙In-ceram全瓷冠上形成的应力的影响,在第一前磨牙轴对称纵剖面上设计二维有限元模型,模拟In-ceram全瓷冠瓷层及底冠、牙本质领、桩核等结构,绕其对称轴旋转成三维有限元模型.分析在天然牙本质、Ni-Cr合金外涂0.5mm遮色瓷、铸瓷桩核、玻璃纤维树脂、复合树脂5种桩核材料情况下,In-ceram全瓷冠的瓷层内及残余牙本质领的应力分布情况.在5种桩核材料中,高弹性模量的Ni-Cr合金外涂0.5mm遮色瓷能够降低瓷层及残余牙本质领的最大主应力和Von Mises应力峰值,防止全瓷冠的破折碎裂;而弹性模量最低的复合树脂桩核则正好相反,即In-ceram全瓷冠瓷层、底冠及残余牙本质领的应力峰值随桩核材料弹性模量的减小而增大.这5种情况下,In-ceram全瓷冠最大应力值均位于In-ceram全瓷冠底冠内.所以,对于行根管治疗术后的无髓牙,进行核桩冠修复时,应采用高弹性模量的桩核材料.