A method for calculating the mean absorption time of drugs undergoing reversible and first-pass metabolism

A method has been derived for calculating the mean absorption time of an oral drug and its interconversion metabolite which is generated from the drug systemically and presystemically. The method evolves from the convolution integral and requires plasma AUC and AUMC values after separate intravenous administration of the drug and its interconversion metabolite and oral administration of the drug. It can also be used to calculate the mean input time of a drug undergoing reversible metabolism and administered by any other extravascular route. Results of a simulation study using both errorless and errant data indicate that, when the absorption rate constant of a drug or its interconversion metabolite is not much larger than the apparent elimination rate constant, the proposed method performs satisfactorily. However, when the absorption rate constant of a drug or its interconversion metabolite is much larger than the apparent elimination rate constant, the proposed method appears to be inaccurate.     

药物构效关系研究与药物设计中常用计算机软件

分子力学、量子化学和分子图形学是研究有机药物分子电子特性、空间性质及其与受体相互作用的有力工具。现扼要介绍国内外较常用的量子化学和分子力学及分子图形学有关计算机程序的应用特性。     

Penetration of Schistosoma japonicum cercaria into host skin.

The anterior part of Schistosoma japonicum cercaria is a specialized head organ which can slightly stretch out and retract. There are three different types of large unicellular glands in cercarial body, consisting of one head gland, 2 pairs of pre- and 3 pairs of postacetabular glands. These glands differ in position, gross feature, histochemistry and functions. Both polysaccharase and protease activities are demonstrated in the secretions from these glands. Mode of cercarial penetration is described in detail and the penetration is effected by a combination of lytic secretions and mechanical movements. The schematic representation of the process of cercarial penetration is presented. The dynamic distributions of schistosomula in skin at different time intervals after skin penetration in various mammalian hosts are shown. Some newly transformed schistosomula die while penetrating into the skin of 7 mammalian species and the mortality rate varies with the host species, and that can also be affected by the age of cercariae following emergence from the snail. Some physiological aspects between cercariae and newly transformed schistosomula are compared. In contrast to cercariae, schistosomula are saline-adapted and water-intolerant. They were modified histochemically and antigenically.

     

肱骨外髁骨折165例病案分析

总结分析了165例肱骨外髁骨折。初诊时,漏诊12例,误诊91例,闭合复位失败55例。按骨折不同类型和软组织损伤情况分别从七个方面:1.无移位骨折,2.移位或翻转移位骨折,3.软组织嵌入闭合复位困难,4.局部严重肿胀,5.陈旧性骨折,6.骨折畸形愈合并发肘外(内)翻严重,7.并发肘关节僵硬,提示了不同的治疗方法。介绍了手术时如何辨认骨折面、清除疤痕组织和骨痂、松解粘连的力法,以及1枚克氏针加粗丝线内固定法的操作要点。     

临床输液监控系统的设计

本文针对临床输液过程中出现的漏、停、输液速度改变等各种问题，讨论了一由单台微机和多个单片机通讯实现的多床输液自动监控、自动反应、自动报答系统的可行性，并给出了主要部分的硬件、软件设计方法。     

面部色素痣的外科治疗

面部色素痣较常见于鼻、颊、额、颧区，部分病变累及一侧面部的多个区域。这些病变手术切除后的缺损主要采用全厚皮片移植、直接拉拢缝合或邻近皮瓣整复。     

便携式野战—Ⅰ型多功能骨科手术器械

一种便携式野战多功能骨科手术器械。重量仅１．１ｋｇ，体积为２１５ｍｍ×１０５ｍｍ×１５ｍｍ，如铅笔盒，而功能多达３３种，具有结构紧凑、操作简便、一械多用、轻巧便携。价廉实用、效价比高的特点。是基层巡诊、抢险救灾救治中适用的骨科器械。     

BUERGER'S DISEASE IN HONG KONG: A REVIEW OF 89 CASES

Background : A retrospective analysis of 103 case records from 1978 to 1996 with a provisional diagnosis of Buerger's disease was undertaken at the Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital. The aim of the study was to elucidate the clinical course and evaluate the results of surgical intervention of Buerger's disease in Hong Kong Chinese people. Methods : Fourteen patients were subsequently excluded from the study because of inability to fulfil our diagnostic criteria. Data on clinical presentation, investigations, indications and results of surgical intervention were reviewed. Sympathectomies and arterial reconstructions were performed on 42 and four patients, respectively, for critical ischaemia or rest pain. Outcome was analysed with respect to the rate of ulcer healing, pattern of recurrence and limb loss. Results : The patients were all young male heavy smokers with a mean age of 36.5 years. The majority of patients (80%) presented with ischaemic ulceration or gangrene. Vascular reconstruction was undertaken in four patients and satisfactory long-term results were obtained in three patients. Sympathectomy was able to relieve symptoms in 87% of operated patients and ischaemic ulceration healed in 2.6 (mean) ± 1.7 (SD) months after the operation. If the patient continued to smoke, surgical intervention did not exempt the patient from a relapse or amputation. Conclusion : Sympathectomy provides short-term pain relief and promotes ulcer healing in patients with Buerger's disease but carries no long-term benefit. Complete abstinence from smoking is the only means of arresting the progression of the disease.     

经内镜胆管引流术在肝门部恶性胆管梗阻中的应用及其评价

肝门部恶性肿瘤手术切除率极低，临床处理十分棘手。作者采用内镜胆管引流术治疗此类肿瘤２８８例次（肝门部胆管癌１８４例、胆囊癌２３例、肝细胞癌侵犯肝门部胆管４７例、其他转移性肿瘤３４例），其中行内镜鼻胆管引流１６２例次、塑料内置管引流８０例次、放置可膨式金属胆道支架４６例、４例患者接受同期双内置管引流。引流总有效率为６７．０％，其中效果满意者４３．１％；４０例患者术后１个月内发生胆管炎，发生率为１３．８％，３例死亡；长期随访病例的平均存活期５．３个月。我们观察到治疗的效果与Ｂｉｓｍｕｔｈ分型有密切关系，如果全肝４０％以上的胆系得到引流，黄疸有望消退；左、右两侧胆管同时引流可扩大引流范围，提高疗效；应合理选择三种内镜胆管引流方法并适时灵活转换才能获得满意的疗效。结论：对于肝门部肿瘤，内镜胆管引流术是一种安全有效的治疗手段，可作为首选的姑息性治疗。     

Duchenne型肌营养不良症

作者综述了１０年来对Ｄｕｃｈｅｎｎｅ型肌营养不良症（ＤＭＤ）的研究概况。主要包括①ＤＭＤ的临床研究。②血清生化研究表明ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ、Ｍｂ是诊断ＤＭＤ病人和携带者的敏感指标。③心脏无创性检测和肌肉超微结构研究。④部分抗肌萎缩蛋白基因ＹＡＣ物理图谱，精细限制酶图谱和缺失热区的核苷酸顺序分析，首次发现内含子中ＡＴ富集区的同源顺序与ＤＭＤ断裂有关。⑤抗肌萎缩蛋白的缺失热区疏水肽段存在与否与ＤＭＤ发病密切相关。