老年人脑动静脉畸形的治疗

目的总结老年人脑动静脉畸形的治疗经验。方法对2002年12月至2005年8月收治的17例老年脑动静脉畸形病例进行回顾性研究。结果17例患者年龄55~74岁,平均年龄63.4岁,其中男性12例,女性5例。17例患者中11例出现脑出血而急诊入院,4例因突发癫痫急诊入院,仅2例因头痛平诊入院。入院后有10例病患通过急诊显微神经外科手术清除脑内血肿同时切除畸形血管团,除1例放弃治疗,1例行介入栓塞 γ刀治疗外,其他病例于入院后1周内择期显微神经外科手术清除病灶及畸形血管团。术后死亡2例,1例因大面积脑梗塞而死亡,另1例因就诊时脑出血已继发脑疝,于术后死亡。术后发生偏瘫1例。其他病患无严重神经功能废损而顺利康复出院。结论老龄不一定是手术的绝对禁忌症,通过显微神经外科手术治疗老年人脑血管畸形,可以达到切除病灶,预防出血,从而改善患者生活质量的目的。     

黄体酮对大鼠缺血再灌注脑组织细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响

目的:探讨黄体酮对缺血再灌注脑损伤的保护机制.方法:采用SD大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型(MCAO),将48只SD大鼠随机等分为6组:假手术组、脑缺血再灌注组、溶剂(DMSO)对照组、黄体酮(PROG)预防组、PROG治疗组、PROG防治组,应用免疫组织化学和原位末端标记(ISEL)法检测脑组织细胞凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax的表达情况.结果:假手术组每高倍视野下凋亡细胞数为1.88±0.25,缺血再灌注组为41.38±3.85, DMSO组为38.13±5.69,预防组为22.88±2.70,治疗组为25.63±2.93, 防治组为20.88±2.30;缺血再灌注组每高倍视野下Bcl-2蛋白阳性细胞数为9.50±1.69, DMSO组为10.25±2.61,预防组为 17.13±1.13,治疗组为16.63±1.30,防治组为23.50±1.93;缺血再灌注组每高倍视野下Bax蛋白阳性细胞数为28.13±2.75, DMSO组为27.75±3.06,预防组为 14.25±1.83,治疗组为13.00±1.85,防治组为11.38±1.41.各PROG处理组(预防组、治疗组及防治组3项指标与缺血再灌注组、DMSO组之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05.结论:PROG可抑制脑神经细胞中Bax表达,上调Bcl-2表达,从而抑制脑细胞凋亡,发挥脑保护作用.     

ERCP训练模型的现况与问题及未来发展设想

内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）是临床上常用的胆胰系统疾病的诊断方法和治疗手段。为了缩短训练期限和减少因操作问题产生的手术并发症的发生,操作者需要通过训练模型大量训练才能达到能够独立完成1次手术的水平。在此,笔者总结分析了目前国内外投入使用的模型类型的现状与存在的问题：机械模拟操作模型和计算机模拟模型具有灵活性、可视性等特点,适合初学者了解操作流程,但真实性不如其他模型;活体动物模型具有可以进行完整的操作训练和并发症的处理的优点,但价格相对昂贵,且没有完全匹配人体结构适合训练的动物品种;离体动物模型价格低廉,具有较好真实性,适用于进阶学习与初步开展并发症的应对训练。最后,笔者根据不同模型的特点,创新性提出一种阶段性联合ERCP训练方案—五阶段法,并提出ERCP训练模型发展迭代的新方向。     

胸锁乳突肌缝线定位联合肌间隙注水分离在经腋窝无充气腔镜甲状腺手术中的应用

背景与目的 目前较为常用的腔镜甲状腺手术入路主要有经腋窝入路、经胸乳入路及经口入路等。经腋窝入路相较于其他术式,其利用颈部肌肉的自然间隙建腔,在颈前带状肌深面显露甲状腺并进行手术操作,对颈部功能影响较小,而且无需充CO₂,对心脑血管影响较小,因此近年来越来越被临床医生所接受。经腋窝入路腔镜甲状腺手术中寻找胸锁乳突肌肌间隙是该术式的一大难点,在此步骤中较多初学者不能准确定位肌间隙,进而增加了手术时间及创伤。为此,笔者中心对经腋窝无充气腔镜甲状腺手术作了一定的改进,降低术中寻找肌间隙的难度。本研究对该改良术式的近期疗效与安全性进行评估,为其在临床中的应用提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2023年1月—2023年5月江苏省宿迁市第一人民医院甲乳外科收治的46例甲状腺癌患者的临床资料。其中,23例接受改良经腋窝入路免充气腔镜下甲状腺手术（观察组）,另23例接受常规经腋窝入路免充气腔镜下甲状腺手术（对照组）。观察组患者术前超声引导下在胸锁乳突肌胸骨部与锁骨部之间的间隙内注水分离,扩大肌间隙,然后缝线定位胸锁乳突肌胸骨部后缘,准确进入肌间隙后,按照常规经腋窝入路腔镜甲状腺手术方法实施手术。结果 两组患者一般资料无明显差异（均P>0.05）,具有可比性。观察组平均手术时间明显短于对照组（65.6 min vs. 87.2 min,P<0.05）,而两组的术中出血量、术后引流量、中央区清扫淋巴结数及住院时间差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。观察组有1例出现腋窝皮下血肿,经抽液、包扎后改善,余患者均无呼吸困难、声音嘶哑、手足麻木、饮水呛咳等并发症发生。术后3个月,两组患者颈部疼痛评分及颈部损伤指数、吞咽障碍指数比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。所有患者术后均口服左旋甲状腺素钠片行个体化促甲状腺激素（TSH）抑制治疗,随访期间无患者出现复发转移。结论 术前行超声引导下胸锁乳突肌缝线定位联合肌间隙注水分离操作方便、实用,便于术中寻找肌间隙,降低了经腋窝无充气腔镜甲状腺手术整体手术难度,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

活心方对急性心肌梗死大鼠血流动力学及梗死面积的影响

目的观察活心方对结扎冠状动脉前降支所致急性心梗大鼠血流动力学及梗死面积的影响。方法采用结扎冠状动脉前降支的方法构建急性心梗模型,大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、贝复济组、血竭小复方组和活心方组,干预8周。检测大鼠血流动力学指标,HE染色观察心肌组织形态改变,计算梗死面积。结果模型组大鼠心肌梗死面积与左室收缩压(LVSP)及左室内压最大变化速率(+LVdp/dtmax)呈负相关(P=0.001),与左室舒张末期压(LV-EDP)呈正相关(P=0.005)。与模型组比较,活心方组、血竭小复方组大鼠LVSP均升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),LV-EDP降低(P<0.01),+LVdp/dtmax加大(P<0.01),-LVdp/dtmax加大(P<0.05,P<0.01),梗死面积缩小(P<0.01);与血竭小复方组比较,活心方组大鼠LVSP增高(P<0.05)、+LVdp/dtmax加大(P<0.05);梗死面积更小(P<0.05)。结论心肌梗死大鼠梗死面积与血流动力学指标存在相关性。活心方干预能缩小心梗大鼠的梗死面积,改善心梗后大鼠左室舒缩功能,并优于血竭小复方。     

3例克-雅病脑电图的观察和探讨

目的观察散发型克-雅病脑电图波型的发展与变化,揭示临床、电生理和病理机制间的关系。方法对3例伴快速进展性神经功能障碍及与克-雅病相一致的实验资料的患者,进行多次常规脑电图的记录观察。结果观察到与其不同阶段相对应的脑电图特征,典型表现为周期性尖慢复合波。结论人类朊蛋白疾病的明确诊断须脑病理活检,脑电图在此类疾病的诊断及临床病程判断中仍是最重要的检查之一。     

Chronic Active Hepatitis B with COVID-19 in Pregnancy: A Case Report

Currently, infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COV-ID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome cor-onavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), during pregnancy is a p...     

Setting Times of Early-Age Mortars Determined from Evolution Curves of Poisson’s Ratio

Setting times, as the early-age properties of cement-based materials, are important properties to ensure the quality and long-term performance of engineering structures. To determine the initial and final setting times of cementitious materials, the compressive wave velocity and shear wave velocity of six early-age mortar samples were monitored. Their time evolution curves of Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson’s ratio were then calculated and analyzed. The signature times of the derivatives of the Poisson’s ratio evolution curves correlate well with the initial and final setting times, and the remarkably high coefficient of determination values relative to the data from this study are higher than those presented in the current literature. The proposed derivative method on the Poisson’s ratio evolution curve is as good as the derivative methods from vs. evolution curves used by prior studies for the estimation of both the initial and final setting times of the early-age properties of cement-based materials. The formation and subsequent disappearance of ettringite of low Poisson’s ratio were postulated to cause the initial dip in the Poisson’s ratio evolution curves.     

A three-dimensional printing navigational template combined with mixed reality technique for localizing pulmonary nodules

OBJECTIVESLocalizing non-palpable pulmonary nodules is challenging for thoracic surgeons. Here, we investigated the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology combined with mixed reality (MR) for localizing ground glass opacity-dominant pulmonary nodules.Open in a separate windowMETHODSIn this single-arm study, we prospectively enrolled patients with small pulmonary nodules (<2 cm) that required accurate localization. A 3D-printing physical navigational template was designed based on the reconstruction of computed tomography images, and a 3D model was generated through the MR glasses. We set the deviation distance as the primary end point for efficacy evaluation. Clinicopathological and surgical data were obtained for further analysis.RESULTSSixteen patients with 17 non-palpable pulmonary nodules were enrolled in this study. Sixteen nodules were localized successfully (16/17; 94.1%) using this novel approach with a median deviation of 9 mm. The mean time required for localization was 25 ± 5.2 min. For the nodules in the upper/middle and lower lobes, the median deviation was 6 mm (range, 0–12.0) and 16 mm (range, 15.0–20.0), respectively. The deviation difference between the groups was significant (Z = −2.957, P = 0.003). The pathological evaluation of resection margins was negative.CONCLUSIONSThe 3D printing navigational template combined with MR can be a feasible approach for localizing pulmonary nodules.     

Intrahepatic Expression of C-C Motif ligand 5 in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Background: C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) is reported to play a key role in acute and chronic liver diseases. However, the association between CCL5 and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains to be explored. We aimed to investigate the CCL5 expression in the liver tissues of CHB patients and compared the CCL5 expression among CHB patients with different stages of liver inflammation and fibrosis. Methods: Liver tissue specimens from 51 CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy and twelve healthy liver donors were included in the present study. CCL5 expression in the liver tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The hepatic inflammation grades and fibrotic stages of CHB patients were assessed by the Scheuer classification system. Results: Livers of CHB patients exhibited significantly accumulated CCL5+ cells when compared to those of healthy controls (42.80 ± 4.37 vs. 7.25 ± 0.99/HPF, P < .001). CHB patients with higher hepatic inflammation grades had more CCL5+ cells in their livers than those with lower grades (P < .05). However, the numbers of CCL5+ cells were not correlated with the fibrotic stages in CHB patients (r = .073, P = .61). The number of CCL5+ cells in the liver tissues of CHB patients was positively correlated with alanine transaminase levels (r = .278, P = .041) and aspartate aminotransferase levels (r = .328, P = .009). Conclusions: CHB patients have a significant accumulation of CCL5+ cells in the liver, and CCL5 may play a pathological role in hepatic inflammation of CHB.