Refractive outcomes after vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification of idiopathic macular holes

AIM:To report the refractive outcomes after vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation(phaco-vitrectomy)in idiopathic macular holes(IMH).METHODS:A total of 56 eyes with IMH(IMH group)that underwent phaco-vitrectomy and 44 eyes with age-related cataract(ARC group)that underwent cataract surgery were retrospectively reviewed.The best corrective visual acuity(BCVA),predicted refractive error(PRE),actual refractive error(ARE),axial length(AL),were measured in both groups before and 6 mo after operation.The power calculation of IOL and the predicted refractive error(PRE)were calculated according to the SRK/T formula.The difference of PRE and ARE between the two groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS:In the IMH group,the diameters of macular holes were 271.73±75.85μm,the closure rate was 100%.The pre-and post-operative BCVA were 0.80±0.35 and 0.40±0.35 log MAR.The PRE of A-ultrasound and IOL Master in the IMH group was-0.27±0.25 and 0.10±0.66 D.The postoperative mean absolute prediction error(MAE)was observed to be 0.58±0.65 and 0.53±0.37 D in the IOL Master and A-ultrasound(P=0.758).The PRE and ARE of the IMH group were 0.10±0.66 D and-0.19±0.64 D(P=0.102).The PRE and ARE of the ARC group was-0.43±0.95 and-0.31±0.93 D(P=0.383).The difference between PRE and ARE was-0.33±0.81 and 0.09±0.64 D in the IMH and ARC groups(P=0.021).The proportion of myopic shift was 67.9%in the IMH group and 27.3%in the ARC group(P=0.004).CONCLUSION:The myopic shift can be observed in patients with IMH after phaco-vitrectomy.     

磷酸西他列汀在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

目的:建立超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱(UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS)方法测定大鼠血浆中磷酸西他列汀的含量,研究磷酸西他列汀经尾静脉单次给药后在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学过程。方法:18只SD大鼠分为3组,分别单次给予9,3,1 mg.kg-1磷酸西他列汀,按照不同时间点于眼后静脉丛采血。液质联用法测定血药浓度。质谱采用正离子和选择反应监测(SRM)模式,用于定量分析的离子分别为磷酸西他列汀m/z 408.0→235.0和内标氟西汀m/z 310.0→148.0。根据非房室统计矩模型用WinNolin软件进行曲线拟合并计算药代动力学参数。结果:大鼠分别尾静脉单次注射高、中、低剂量(93,和1 mg.kg-1)药物后,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUCINF)分别为(5 154.82±637.37)(,1 729.30±290.76)和(589.39±66.92)h.ng.mL-1,剂量之比为9∶3∶1,对应的AUC比值为8.75∶2.93∶1,与给药剂量呈线性正相关性;统计结果表明3个剂量组的AUC有显著性差异t,1/2,Vz,CL,MRTlast与给药剂量无关。结论:所建立的UHPLC-M...     

LC-MS/MS方法研究新型酪氨酸酶抑制剂UP302的大鼠皮肤吸收量和皮肤代谢稳定性

目的建立大鼠皮肤中UP302定量的LC-MS/MS方法,并应用于研究UP302乳膏在大鼠皮肤局部给药24h后的皮肤吸收量,以及离体大鼠皮肤中UP302的代谢稳定性。方法 UP302用甲醇溶解稀释,皮肤样品用2倍体积甲醇沉淀处理,内标法进行定量。采用Hypersil Gold C18色谱柱,柱温30℃;甲醇为流动相A,5mmol.L-1甲酸铵水溶液为流动相B,以0.2mL.min-1梯度洗脱,进行色谱分离,运行时间6min。采用负离子电喷雾离子化电离源和选择反应监测（SRM）模式进行串联质谱分析,用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z 301.1→135.2（UP302）和m/z 252.9→132.0（内标大豆苷元）。结果 UP302皮肤标准样品在5～2000ng.mL-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0.9998）。UP302在大鼠皮肤匀浆中的最低定量限是5ng.mL-1。本方法日内准确度在100.00%～105.23%,日内精密度小于5.82%。结论本LC-MS/MS方法专属性强、灵敏度高、重现性好、操作简便、结果准确,可用于UP302在皮肤组织中含量的测定,以及UP302在大鼠皮肤组织中的代谢稳定性研究。     

头孢地尼与其他6种β-内酰胺类的体外抗菌活性研究

目的　比较头孢地尼与头孢克肟、头孢克洛、头孢呋辛、头孢拉定、头孢氨苄、阿莫西林对临床常见致病菌的体外抗菌活性。方法　采用琼脂平板稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度 (MIC)。结果　头孢地尼对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌的敏感率分别为 73 3%、90 % ,抗菌活性显著强于头孢克肟 ;对肺炎克雷伯氏菌的活性与头孢克肟相似 ,强于受试第一代、二代头孢菌素 ;对大肠埃希氏菌活性强于其他 6种抗生素 ;对变形菌活性与头孢克肟相似。阴沟肠杆菌、柠檬酸杆菌属对受试药物耐药性均较高 ,其中头孢地尼和头孢克肟的敏感率 40 %左右 ,较其他 5种抗生素为强。结论　头孢地尼对大部分革兰氏阳性及革兰氏阴性菌具有较强的抗菌活性。     

绝经综合征评定量表的试测与调适研究

目的：在绝经综合征评定量表建立过程中,对量表进行语言和形式等调适。方法：在绝经综合征患者和更年期非绝经综合征人群进行了3次绝经综合征评定量表3个试测版本小样本的试测,考察量表的语言、形式、回答方式等。结果与结论：根据每次试测的结果,对量表进行了调整,使量表在语言、格式等各个方面更适合受试人群回答,保证了获取信息量的准确性及量表的可行性。     

西洋参茎叶皂苷对脑缺血大鼠细胞凋亡及caspase-3表达的影响

目的：研究西洋参茎叶皂苷对大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法：采用大鼠大脑中动脉内栓线阻断法制备局灶性脑缺血损伤模型，通过HE染色、TUNEL、免疫组化及RT—PCR等方法，观察西洋参茎叶皂苷对脑缺血损伤大鼠脑组织形态学改变，细胞凋亡及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶（caspase）-3mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。结果：西洋参茎叶皂苷（100、50mg／kg，ig）均可明显改善脑缺血损伤所致的大鼠脑组织病理形态学改变，抑制神经细胞凋亡，降低促凋亡基因caspase-3mRNA和caspase-3蛋白的表达。结论：西洋参茎叶皂苷对大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤具有保护作用，其作用机制可能与抑制caspase-3表达有关。     

MRI、经直肠超声评估直肠癌术前T分期的准确性研究

目的对比MRI、经直肠超声评估直肠癌术前T分期的准确性。方法收集本院2018年1月至2019年1月诊治的63例直肠癌患者的影像学资料,患者均行MRI及经直肠超声检查,以病理学检查结果为"金标准",计算不同检查对直肠癌术前T分期的诊断符合率。结果以病理结果为参照,MRI检查对63例直肠癌患者术前T分期诊断总符合率为92.06%(58/63),与病理学结果相比,两者无统计学意义(P>0.05),其中T1、T2、T3、T4分期诊断符合率依次为92.30%(12/13)、96.55%(28/29)、85.71%(12/14)、85.71%(6/7)。经直肠超声检查对63例直肠癌患者术前T分期诊断总符合率为84.12%(53/63),与MRI结果相比,经直肠超声检查对直肠癌术前T分期诊断总符合率较低(P<0.05),T1、T2、T3、T4分期诊断符合率依次为76.92%(10/13)、93.10%(27/29)、78.57%(11/14)、71.42%(5/7)。结论 MRI、经直肠超声均可有效显示直肠癌图像特征,MRI多序列扫描检查评估直肠癌术前T分期准确性优于经直肠超声。     

UBE2C promotes the progression of pancreatic cancer and glycolytic activity via EGFR stabilization-mediated PI3K-Akt pathway activation

BackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most prevalent and deadliest endocrine tumors, yet the mechanisms governing its pathogenesis remain to be fully clarified. While ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) has been identified as an important oncogene in several cancers, its importance in PC has yet to be established.MethodsUBE2C expression in PC tumor samples and cell lines was examined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), while appropriate commercial kits were used to assess lactate production, ATP generation, and the uptake of glucose.ResultsUBE2C was found to be upregulated in PC patient tumors and correlated with poorer survival outcomes. In PC cell lines, the silencing of this gene suppressed the malignant activity of cells, thus supporting its identification as an oncogene in this cancer type. Mechanistically, UBE2C was found to promote enhanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) protein expression via activating the PI3K-Akt pathway. Moreover, it was found to bind to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), stabilizing it and driving additional PI3K-Akt pathway activation. UBE2C knockdown in PC cells impaired their uptake of glucose and their ability to produce lactate and ATP.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the results of this study support a role for UBE2C as a driver of metastatic PC progression owing to its ability to bind to EGFR and to induce signaling via the PI3K-Akt pathway.     

阿米卡星在不同年龄呼吸系统感染病人中的药物动力学

为研究阿米卡星（ＡＭＫ）在不同年龄呼吸系感染病人中的药物动力学特性,采用荧光偏振免疫法（ＦＰＩＡ）测定病人血中ＡＭＫ浓度,根据药－时数据求出药物动力学参数。结果表明,ＡＭＫ在青年病人组和老年病人组中的末端相消除半衰期分别为３．０２±０．６３ｈ和４．４８±１．３９ｈ,老年病人组明显长于青年病人组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。药物峰浓度分别为３８．７０±７．５１ｍｇ／Ｌ和４０．０６±５．３０ｍｇ／Ｌ,两组间无差异。研究证明,在肾功正常的条件下,年龄因素是影响ＡＭＫ消除半衰期的重要因素之一,但不影响药物峰浓度及其它药物动力学参数。因此,老年病人应用ＡＭＫ时应进行血药浓度监测     

落实药师人才发展规划加快药师人才队伍建设的思考

药师是我国新医改和医药卫生事业发展的急需紧缺专门人才,国家规划到2020年药师人才队伍达到85万。为落实该目标,本文结合药师队伍现状,探讨药师人才队伍发展策略,分析实现人才发展目标所需的配套政策与措施,为实现《国家中长期人才发展规划纲要》中药师队伍建设部分提供参考依据。