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71.
As countries implement Article 11 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, graphic warning labels that use images of people and their body parts to illustrate the consequences of smoking are being added to cigarette packs. According to exemplification theory, these case examples—exemplars—can shape perceptions about risk and may resonate differently among demographic subpopulations. Drawing on data from eight focus groups (N = 63) with smokers and nonsmokers from vulnerable populations, this qualitative study explores whether people considered exemplars in their reactions to and evaluations of U.S. graphic health warning labels initially proposed by the Food and Drug Administration. Participants made reference to prior and concurrent mass media messages and exemplars during the focus groups and used demographic cues in making sense of the images on the warning labels. Participants were particularly sensitive to age of the exemplars and how it might affect label effectiveness and beliefs about smoking. Race and socioeconomic status also were salient for some participants. We recommend that exemplars and exemplification be considered when selecting and evaluating graphic health warnings for tobacco labels and associated media campaigns. 相似文献
72.
Fur-Hsing Wen Jen-Shi Chen Wen-Chi Chou Wen-Cheng Chang Wen Chi Shen Chia-Hsun Hsieh Siew Tzuh Tang 《Journal of pain and symptom management》2019,57(1):64-72
Context
Family caregivers constitute a critical component of the end-of-life care system with considerable cost to themselves. However, the joint association of terminally ill cancer patients' symptom distress and functional impairment with caregivers' subjective caregiving burden, quality of life (QOL), and depressive symptoms remains unknown.Objectives/Methods
We used multivariate hierarchical linear modeling to simultaneously evaluate associations between five distinct patterns of conjoint symptom distress and functional impairment (symptom-functional states) and subjective caregiving burden, QOL, and depressive symptoms in a convenience sample of 215 family caregiver–patient dyads. Data were collected every 2 to 4 weeks over patients' last 6 months.Results
Caregivers of patients in the worst symptom-functional states (States 3–5) reported worse subjective caregiving burden and depressive symptoms than those in the best two states, but the three outcomes did not differ between caregivers of patients in State 3 and States 4–5. Caregivers of patients in State 5 endured worse subjective caregiving burden and QOL than those in State 4. Caregivers of patients in State 4 suffered worse subjective caregiving burden and depressive symptoms but comparable QOL to those in State 2.Conclusion
Patients' five distinct, conjoint symptom-functional states were significantly and differentially associated with their caregivers' worse subjective caregiving burden, QOL, and depressive symptoms while caring for patients over their last 6 months. 相似文献73.
D. Panigrahy P. K. Sahu 《Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine》2016,39(3):783-795
Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal gives a lot of information on the physiology of heart. In reality, noise from various sources interfere with the ECG signal. To get the correct information on physiology of the heart, noise cancellation of the ECG signal is required. In this paper, the effectiveness of extended Kalman smoother (EKS) with the differential evolution (DE) technique for noise cancellation of the ECG signal is investigated. DE is used as an automatic parameter selection method for the selection of ten optimized components of the ECG signal, and those are used to create the ECG signal according to the real ECG signal. These parameters are used by the EKS for the development of the state equation and also for initialization of the parameters of EKS. EKS framework is used for denoising the ECG signal from the single channel. The effectiveness of proposed noise cancellation technique has been evaluated by adding white, colored Gaussian noise and real muscle artifact noise at different SNR to some visually clean ECG signals from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The proposed noise cancellation technique of ECG signal shows better signal to noise ratio (SNR) improvement, lesser mean square error (MSE) and percent of distortion (PRD) compared to other well-known methods. 相似文献
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77.
I. Fouzas C. Papanikolaou G. Katsanos N. Antoniadis N. Salveridis K. Karakasi S. Vasileiadou A. Fouza E. Mouloudi G. Imvrios V. Papanikolaou 《Transplantation proceedings》2019,51(2):416-420
Aims
Variations of the anatomy of donor hepatic arteries increase the number of arterial anastomoses during liver transplantation and, possibly, the incidence of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT). In this study, we describe the arterial anatomic variations in liver grafts procured and transplanted by a single center in Greece, the techniques of arterial anastomosis, and their effect on the incidence of early HAT.Materials and Methods
From January 2013 to December 2017, the arterial anatomy of 116 grafts procured for liver transplantation were recorded, as well as the technique of arterial anastomosis and the incidence of early hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT <30 days).Results
A single hepatic artery was recorded in 72.41% of the procured grafts, an aberrant left hepatic artery (accessory or replaced) in 18 grafts (15.52%), and an aberrant right hepatic artery (accessory or replaced) in 17 grafts (14.66%), while other variations were observed in less than 1% of the procured livers. Of the 116 primary liver transplantations, 6 patients (5.17%) developed early HAT <30 days. Two of these patients (1.72%) had 1 anastomosis of the hepatic artery and 4 (3.45%) had 2 anastomoses due to anatomic variations.Conclusions
Anatomic variations of the hepatic artery in liver grafts is a common finding and increase the incidence of early HAT but not to a degree to make these grafts unusable. 相似文献78.
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