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61.
Peripheral nerve disorders may be classified into compressive or entrapment neuropathies and non‐compressive neuropathies. Muscle denervation recognized on MRI may be a useful sign in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve disorders. Acute or subacute denervation results in prolonged T2 relaxation time, producing increased signal in skeletal muscle on short tau inversion‐recovery and fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images. Chronic denervation produces fatty atrophy of skeletal muscles, resulting in increased muscle signal on T1‐weighted images. This review will outline and illustrate the various ways that muscle denervation as seen on MRI may assist in the diagnosis and localization of peripheral nerve disorders. 相似文献
62.
Dewan SA Majid 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》2007,34(9):905-905
63.
ER Brown KA Charles SA Hoare RL Rye DI Jodrell RE Aird R Vora U Prabhakar M Nakada RE Corringham M DeWitte C Sturgeon D Propper FR Balkwill JF Smyth 《Annals of oncology》2008,19(7):1340-1346
BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important regulator of the chronic inflammation contributing to tumour progression. Infliximab, an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody was investigated in this trial of patients with advanced cancer. The primary objectives were to determine the safety profile and biological response of infliximab in a cancer population. Clinical response was a secondary objective. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients received infliximab at 5 mg/kg (n = 21) or 10 mg/kg (n = 20) i.v. at 0 and 2 weeks and then every 4 weeks. Post-treatment samples were measured for changes in plasma and serum TNF-alpha, CCL2, IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS: Infliximab was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxic effects. At both doses of infliximab, neutralisation of serum TNF-alpha was observed after 1 h while plasma CCL2, IL-6 and serum CRP were decreased 24 and 48 h following infliximab administration. Seven patients experienced disease stablisation (range 10-50+ weeks). There was no evidence of disease acceleration in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab treatment was safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced cancer. There was evidence of biological activity with baseline TNF-alpha and CCL2 being correlated with infliximab response. 相似文献
64.
实验动物资源是国家生命科学研究的重要科技资源。实验动物资源的共享和充分利用是生物科技创新的基础和保障。有效的共享机制和合理的共享方式是实现实验动物资源共享和充分利用的重要保障,是规范实验动物资源共享行为和确保共享安全的迫切需要。 相似文献
65.
A Ohlsson SA Calvert M Hosking AT Shennan 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1992,81(10):751-756
This randomized controlled trial was designed to answer the question: does administration of dexamethasone to neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia decrease the need for assisted ventilation? Twenty-five infants with a birth weight < 1501 g, requiring mechanical ventilation and FiO2 of ± 0.30 at 21-35 days of age, were randomized to treatment with iv dexamethasone or to sham injections for 12 days. The primary outcome criterion was extubation within seven days after study entry. Treatment (n= 12) and control (n= 13) groups were well matched at entry. Dexamethasone facilitated weaning from assisted ventilation (p= 0.0154). There was no increased incidence of infection. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in a significant increase in glucosuria (p= 0.0002) and in systolic blood pressure (p= 0.0034). There was a significant decrease in heart rate (p= 0.0001) and a significant weight loss (p= 0.0002) following dexamethasone treatment. Dexamethasone treatment facilitated weaning from assisted ventilation but several systemic effects were noted that deserve further evaluation before dexamethasone becomes routine treatment. 相似文献
66.
Effects of positive and negative pressure ventilation on cerebral blood volume of newborn infants 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
KS Palmer SA Spencer YABD Wickramasinghe T Wright DP Southall P Rolfe 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1995,84(2):132-139
The effects of intermittent positive airway and continuous negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation on cerebral blood volume in preterm infants were studied using near infrared spectroscopy. In 12 infants continuous negative extrathoracic pressure caused a median decrease in cerebral blood volume of 0.14ml/100ml brain (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.035–0.280) compared with no respiratory support. Oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin also decreased, implying increased venous drainage as the main effect. In 17 infants intermittent positive pressure ventilation also caused a median reduction in cerebral blood volume of 0.06 ml/100 ml brain (95% CI 0.010–0.115) compared with endotracheal positive airway pressure. Deoxygenated haemoglobin increased by 0.07 ml/100 ml brain (95% CI 0.010–0.100) while oxygenated haemoglobin decreased by O.lOml/lOOml brain (95% CI 0.005–0.175). The increase in deoxygenated haemoglobin implies decreased venous drainage and the decrease in oxygenated haemoglobin implies that other factors may also be significant. Heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation were monitored continuously and remained stable. 相似文献
67.
目的:通过对突发性聋病人血中一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量的检洲,探讨突聋与血氧自由基和自由基的清除剂SOD之间的关系。方法:采用硝酸还原酶法测定了30例突聋病人血中NO含量,并以25例同期体检正常的健康人为对照组;同时还用硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定MDA含量,用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定SOD含量。砖呆;应用金纳多、能量合剂、克林臭(即马来酸桂哌齐特,钙通道阻滞药)联合静脉输入,突聋各组的听力均有不同程度提高,有效率在78.57%以上。治疗后同对照组相比,血清NO、MDA水平明显低于患病之初,而SOD活性明显高于治疗之前,P〈0.01。结论;检测突聋病人血中N0、MDA、SOD的含量,能帮助我们探讨突聋的发病机理,估计预后。血氧自由基的升高可能是突聋发病因素之一,而SOD的含量可以帮助我们估计预后。 相似文献
68.
F Haque ST Fazal SA Ahmad SZ Abbas S Naseem 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2006,50(1):63-65
Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the skull is an exceedingly rare condition. An adult male patient is described, who had a painless swelling in the right forehead that had rapidly enlarged in the previous 6 months. Radiological investigations showed a large destructive mass lesion involving the right side of the frontal bone with extension into the frontal sinus, causing marked extradural compression of brain parenchyma. Histopathological examination confirmed the lesion to be primary osteogenic sarcoma. 相似文献
69.
维甲酸和联合应用神经营养因子对新生大鼠神经干细胞分化的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的研究全反式维甲酸(ATRA)及联合应用神经营养因子(BDNF,GDNF)对体外培养的神经干细胞(NSCs)分化的影响。方法取新生SD大鼠的前脑室下带(SVZ)区,按NSCs的常规培养方法分离、培养。用免疫细胞化学法鉴定巢蛋白(nestin)、微管相关蛋白-2(MAP-2)、胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达,以此来观察ATRA、BDNF、GDNF单独或联合应用对次代神经球细胞分化的作用。结果原代及次代神经球均显示nestin阳性,并可分化为MAP-2阳性神经元样细胞及GFAP阳性胶质细胞样细胞。1μmol/LATRA可促进NSCs分化为MAP-2阳性细胞的比例达(29.14±5.00)%,显著高于对照组的(7.19±1.21)%,差异有高度统计学意义(P〈0.001)。ATRA联合应用10ng/ml的BDNF或GDNF,与单独使用ATRA比较,并不显著提高NSCs分化为MAP-2阳性细胞的比例。结论ATRA可促进神经干细胞向神经元方向分化,ATRA联合应用BDNF或GDNF无明显的协同作用。 相似文献
70.
目的通过构建以MDR1启动子为启动序列的双荧光素酶报告基因系统并进行活性分析,为MDR1基因表达的单靶点调控研究和逆转剂的筛选提供一种有效的方法。方法从HCT-8细胞中提取DNA并克隆含有MDR1基因启动子中Y—box序列。将该序列重组到萤光素酶报告基因载体pGL-3.Basic的启动区域中,从而构建报告基因载体pGL-MDR1。将pGL-MDR1和pRL-TK载体共转染到HCT-8和HCT-8/VCR细胞中。通过调节不同载体的比例来优化转染效率。利用MDRI基因激活剂(热诱导)和抑制剂(EGCG)等处理来分析其启动转录活性受外界因素的影响。结果通过直接测序法验证了pGL-MDR1含有MDR1基因启动子Y—box序列且没有出现碱基突变。在pGL-MDR1和pRL-TK的转染比例为5:5时,转染效率最高并具有最高的萤光素酶活性。通过MDR1基因激活处理后表现为时间依赖性地激活MDR1基因的表达,而MDR1基因抑制剂的作用则相反。结论MDR1启动子为启动序列的双荧光素酶报告基因系统建立成功。该系统不但可以用于研究活体生物发光成像和MDRI基因表达的机理,而且可用于单靶点的多药耐药抑制剂的筛选。 相似文献