Digital reconstruction and donor site resurfacing: a two-flap technique

Use of a great toe pulp flap is one of the methods to repair partial soft-tissue defect of the thumb or other digits. However, the conventional application of free skin grafts to close the donor site may bring donor-site morbidity. The authors present a two-flap technique that a reverse first dorsal metatarsal artery (FDMA) flap resurfaces the defect of the free great toe pulp flap. Six patients with soft-tissue defects of the thumbs or fingers were treated with this technique. Both the pulp and reverse flaps survived uneventfully after reconstruction of the thumbs and fingers. The reverse flap to resurface the donor site on the great toe was sensate and durable. Satisfactory appearance and function were gained in all patients. Results revealed that this technique can be accepted as an alternative method when treating soft tissue defect of the thumb or finger.     

The dose–effect relationship in extracorporeal shock wave therapy: the optimal parameter for extracorporeal shock wave therapy

Background

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been demonstrated to have the angiogenic effect on ischemic tissue. We hypothesize that ESWT exerts the proangiogenesis effect with an energy density–dependent mode on the target cells.

Materials and methods

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) of rats were obtained by cultivation of bone marrow–derived mononuclear cells. EPCs were divided into five groups of different energy densities, and each group was furthermore subdivided into four groups of different shock numbers. Thus, there were 20 subgroups in total. The expressions of angiogenic factors, apoptotic factors, inflammation mediators, and chemotactic factors were examined, and the proliferation activity was measured after ESWT.

Results

When EPCs were treated with low-energy (0.04–0.13 mJ/mm²) shock wave, the expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, angiopoietin (Ang) 1, Ang-2, and B-cell lymphoma 2 increased and those of interleukin 6, fibroblast growth factor 2, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, vascular endothelial growth factor a, Bcl-2-associated X protein, and caspase 3 decreased. stromal cell-derived factor 1 changed without statistical significance. When cells were treated with high-energy (0.16 mJ/mm²) shock wave, most of the expressions of cytokines declined except the apoptotic factors and fibroblast growth factor 2, and cells lead to apoptosis. The proliferation activity and the ratio of Ang-1/Ang-2 reached their peak values, when cells were treated with ESWT with the intensity ranging from 0.10–0.13 mJ/mm² and shock number ranging from 200–300 impulses. Meanwhile, a minimal value of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was observed.

Conclusions

There is a dose–effect relationship in ESWT. The shock intensity ranging from 0.10–0.13 mJ/mm² and shock number ranging from 200–300 impulses were the optimal parameters for ESWT to treat cells in vitro.     

原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤17例临床分析

目的：探讨原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤（primary thyroid lymphoma,PTL）的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后。方法：回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年9月北京协和医院收治的17例PTL患者临床资料。结果：9例患者出现甲减,16例患者合并桥本甲状腺炎（Hashimoto’s thyroiditis,HT）,7例患者通过甲状腺穿刺活检确诊,10例患者通过甲状腺部分切除术确诊。弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL）11例,黏膜相关淋巴瘤（mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,MALT）,DLBCL、MALT转化和滤泡型淋巴瘤（follicular lymphoma,FL）各2例。DLBCL组患者平均年龄（61.7±13.0）岁,DLBCL、MALT转化组患者平均年龄（59.0±2.8）岁,MALT组患者平均年龄（61.5±3.5）岁,均明显大于FL组患者的（31.0±14.1岁）。DLBCL组患者血LDH为（380.3±197.9）U/L,高于MALT组和FL组。FL组国际预后指数（international prognostic index,IPI）为 0分,低于其他3组。DLBCL组患者Ki-67为（70.0±16.1）%,高于MALT组的（16.25±8.80）%。结论：原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤与HT关系密切,诊断依靠病理,DLBCL为最常见病理类型,治疗方案根据病理类型及临床分期决定。     

神经外科重症监护病房住院医师规范化培训教育的思考

重症神经外科是神经外科住院医师规范化培训的难点和重点之一。通过对重庆医科大学附属第一医院神经外科重症监护病房的住院医师进行以急救技能培训、理论与实践相辅相成的多模态病例分析、神经影像学及电生理知识的拓展、手术操作及围手术期管理的专科知识培训、定期病例讨论等方式构成的系统性、规范化的培训,他们的临床思维更加地成熟,对神经外科重症监护病人管理方法的掌握时间明显地缩短,参与临床实践的主动性也较前明显地增加,对神经外科患者围手术期管理的方法有了更深刻的认识,有效地提升了神经外科重症监护室的带教成效。     

大鼠烫伤后不同时间切痂骨骼肌解偶联蛋白2、3 mRNA表达水平的改变

目的观察烫伤大鼠伤后不同时间切痂其骨骼肌解偶联蛋白(UCP)2、UCP3 mRNA表达水平的异同. 方法选用120只雄性Wistar大鼠,其中8只作为正常对照组;余下112只造成30%TBSAⅢ度烫伤后分成4组A组不切痂,分别于伤后8、24、96、120、168 h处死;B组伤后8 h切痂,于伤后24、96、120、168 h处死;C组伤后24 h切痂,伤后96、120、168 h处死;D组伤后96 h切痂,伤后120、168 h处死.测定各组大鼠各时相点的血清瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α含量以及腓肠肌UCP2、UCP3 mRNA表达水平. 结果 (1)血清瘦素水平A组大鼠伤后24～168 h均低于正常对照组(P<0.01),B、C、D组伤后120 h和(或)168 h均高于A组(P<0.01).(2)血清TNF-α水平A组伤后各时相点均高于正常对照组(P<0.01),B组伤后各时相点均低于A组(P<0.05或0.01).C组伤后168 h低于A组(P<0.05).(3)腓肠肌UCP2 mRNA的表达量A组大鼠在烫伤后8 h即已明显升高(P<0.01),24 h到达高峰,以后逐渐下降.B、C组伤后168 h时分别为0.32±0.20、0.35±0.15,明显低于同时相点A组 0.71±0.12(P<0.05).各组腓肠肌UCP3 mRNA表达的变化趋势与UCP2类似. 结论大鼠严重烫伤后UCP2、UCP3 mRNA表达上调可能是代谢率升高的重要因素之一,休克期切痂可降低这一表达,降低代谢率.     

人工心脏瓣膜置换术后关节置换的围手术期抗凝治疗策略

背景:目前,对于人工心脏瓣膜置换术后关节置换患者围手术期的抗凝治疗尚无统一认识。目的:探讨人工心脏瓣膜置换术后关节置换患者围手术期使用低分子肝素(LMWH)替代华法林抗凝治疗的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2007年4月至2011年6月行人工心脏瓣膜置换术后关节置换患者19例。术前3天采用LMWH替代治疗。术后出现出血倾向时停用LMWH并输入血浆,补充凝血因子,同时给予夹闭引流,患肢加压包扎等对症治疗。术后鼓励下肢肌肉等长收缩训练,拔出引流后离床活动,并辅以下肢静脉泵和下肢弹力袜治疗。术后7 d开始加用术前用量的华法林,术后10 d左右停用LMWH。记录术中出血量和术后引流量,计算平均国际标准化比值(INR),评价术后出血和血栓情况。结果:19例患者的术中出血量为230～520 ml,平均(347±81)ml;术后引流量为480～820 ml,平均(607±103)ml。19例患者术后INR平均值为2.16±0.43。术后无一例出现重度出血,11例出现轻度出血,给予相应治疗后好转。无一例出现血栓征象。结论:人工心脏瓣膜置换术后关节置换患者围手术期使用LMWH替代华法林抗凝治疗可有效预防血栓形成。出现出血症状后及时停药、输入血浆、补充凝血因子以及对症治疗,同时给予术侧肢体加压包扎、夹闭引流可及时有效控制出血。术后鼓励早期功能锻炼、应用下肢静脉泵和抗血栓袜可协助预防血栓行成,有助于患者快速康复。     

改进莱姆病螺旋体培养基的研究

用国产氨基酸、维生素、核苷和微量元素等代替进口 CMRL1066,用新生牛血清代替兔血清,对培养莱姆病螺旋体的 BSKⅡ培养基进行了改进。在改进的培养基中,B_(31)国际标准株和国内的6个不同地理株莱姆病螺旋体生长良好。与 BSKⅡ培养基比较,经改进的培养基培养的螺旋体其抗原性、特征蛋白组成以及毒力无明显变异。用改进的培养基成功地从全沟硬蜱和实验小鼠血液和脏器内分离到了伯氏疏螺旋体。这种改进的培养基适用于莱姆病螺旋体的传代培养和病原体分离。为在我国进行莱姆病的深入和普及研究提供了有利条件。     

烧伤后大鼠骨骼肌组织泛素及泛素化蛋白表达的变化研究

为研究烧伤大鼠骼肌组织泛素（ubiquitin)及泛素化蛋白表达的变化规律，探讨烧伤后骨骼肌蛋白降解的分子机制，采用大鼠30％Ⅲ度烫伤模型，分为伤后2、6、12和24h组，每组设正常对照组，于伤后不同时间点分别测定大鼠骨骼肌孵育液中伸趾长肌蛋白降解率以及伸趾长肌组织中泛素及泛素化蛋白的表达变化。结果发现，大鼠烧伤后伸趾长肌蛋白降解率增强，尤其是肌纤维蛋白降解增强明显（P＜0．01），伤后12h增加185％，24h增加153％；伸趾长肌泛素及泛素化蛋白的表达在烧伤后各时相点均显著增加（P＜0.01)，尤以12h和24h为明显，表达增加的泛素化蛋白主要为高分子量蛋白。提示烧伤后大鼠骨骼肌蛋白高分解代谢与泛素及泛素化蛋白的高表达关系密切。