成纤维细胞生长因子2的分子结构和生物学效应

目的:成纤维细胞生长因子2是一种多功能、作用广泛的细胞因子。就成纤维细胞生长因子2分子结构和生物学效应以及与骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠急性心肌梗死的相关研究进行综述。资料来源:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库1990-01/2006-10有关成纤维细胞生长因子2的文章,检索词“FGF-2,molecular structure,biological effect,myocardial infarction and rat and marrows tem cell”,限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库1990-01/2006-10期间的相关文章,检索词“碱性成纤维细胞生长因子”,限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取符合研究要求的有关文章找全文。纳入标准:①有关成纤维细胞生长因子2分子结构、生物学特性的研究。②有关骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死的研究。资料提炼:共收集到34篇有关成纤维细胞生长因子2分子结构和生物学效应的文章,67篇有关骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠急性心肌梗死的研究。选取其中31篇归纳总结。资料综合:①成纤维细胞生长因子2在人体内普遍存在,许多体外培养的细胞也自分泌成纤维细胞生长因子2。成纤维细胞生长因子2包括18000的低相对分子质量成纤维细胞生长因子2和高相对分子质量成纤维细胞生长因子2。成纤维细胞生长因子2翻译的起始密码子有两种:AUG和CUG。②成纤维细胞生长因子2有两种不同的受体,它们可与相应的受体结合发挥生物学功能。③在体外培养骨髓间充质干细胞的过程中,成纤维细胞生长因子2可促进其向心肌样细胞分化,在相对缺氧的环境下,提高心肌样细胞存活率。结论:成纤维细胞生长因子2作为一种多功能的细胞生长因子,在胚胎发育,创伤修复以及缺血、炎症、肿瘤等情况下,可作用于靶细胞上的特异性受体,发挥多种生理功能。它对新生血管形成过程中的毛细血管基底膜降解、内皮细胞迁移增殖、胶原合成及小血管腔形成等均有明显的促进作用。在相对缺氧的环境下,成纤维细胞生长因子2提高心肌样细胞存活率。     

Local Variation in Inclusion on Kidney Transplant Waiting Lists: Analysis in the Reference Area of a Kidney Transplant Center

Background

Access for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients to the renal transplant (RT) waiting list can vary depending on the criteria used and how they are applied in each dialysis unit.

贞芪扶正颗粒和复方阿胶浆干预再生障碍性贫血模型小鼠外周血及骨髓象的变化

目的:观察贞芪扶正颗粒和复方阿胶浆对苯油溶液致小鼠再生障碍性贫血模型的疗效。方法:实验于2005-06/09在河南中医学院药理实验室完成。①选用昆明种成年雄性小鼠90只。按随机数字表法将小鼠分为9组,每组10只:大、中、小剂量贞芪扶正颗粒组:按15,10,5g/kg剂量灌服贞芪扶正颗粒混悬液(主要成分:黄芪、女贞子;甘肃扶正药业科技股份有限公司生产;批号040803,15g/袋)。大、中、小剂量复方阿胶浆组:分别按10,20,30mL/kg剂量灌胃复方阿胶浆(主要成分:阿胶、熟地黄、党参、山楂、人参、蔗糖;山东东阿阿胶股份有限公司生产,批号050446,250mL/瓶),司坦唑醇组:按4mg/kg剂量灌胃司坦唑醇混悬液(司坦唑醇片,广西南宁百会药业集团有限公司生产,批号050306,30mg/片)。空白组和模型组:灌胃同体积的生理盐水(20mL/kg)。每天给药1次,连续给药14d。除空白组外,其余组小鼠皮下注射体积分数0.25苯的玉米油溶液4mL/kg复制苯油溶液致小鼠再生障碍性贫血模型,空白组皮下注射同体积玉米油。②各组小鼠分别于末次给药后24h,进行血常规检测。取右侧股骨,冲出骨髓细胞,采用BI-2000医学图像分析仪计数骨髓有核细胞数。③计量资料符合正态分布、方差齐者用t检验;方差不齐者用t’检验。结果:小鼠90只均进入结果分析。①血细胞测定结果比较:模型组小鼠血红细胞、白细胞、血小板计数和血红蛋白水平明显低于空白组(t=3.39～11.89,P<0.01)。司坦唑醇组3项血细胞计数和血红蛋白水平明显高于模型组(t=4.94～6.73,P<0.01)。大、中剂量贞芪扶正颗粒组和各剂量复方阿胶浆组血白细胞计数明显高于模型组(t=2.32～3.03,P<0.05￣0.01)。中剂量贞芪扶正颗粒组和各剂量复方阿胶浆组小鼠血红细胞计数明显高于模型组(t=2.15～4.84,P<0.05￣0.01)。大、中剂量贞芪扶正颗粒组和各剂量复方阿胶浆组血红蛋白水平明显高于模型组(t=2.33～4.45,P<0.05￣0.01)。大、中剂量贞芪扶正颗粒组和各剂量复方阿胶浆组血小板计数明显高于模型组(t=4.06～6.24,P<0.01)。②骨髓有核细胞数:模型组明显低于空白组(t=8.99,P<0.01)。司坦唑醇组、中剂量贞芪扶正颗粒组和小剂量复方阿胶浆组明显高于模型组(t=2.39～2.82,P<0.05)。结论:贞芪扶正颗粒、复方阿胶浆对皮下注射苯所致小鼠再生障碍性贫血模型血细胞状况及骨髓象均有较好的改善作用,以贞芪扶正颗粒有较为明显的剂量依赖关系。     

Donor levels of serum alanine aminotransferase activity and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen associated with recipient hepatitis C and non- B, non-C outcomes

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis virus(es) that are neither hepatitis B (HBV) nor hepatitis C (HCV) (non-B, non-C [NBNC]) may be transmitted by transfusion. The present study assessed donor values for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti- HBc) for their association with HCV and NBNC hepatitis outcomes among allogeneic blood recipients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data on blood donors and recipients enrolled in the Transfusion- Transmitted Viruses Study in four United States cities from 1974 through 1980 were supplemented by anti-HBc testing of donors and anti-HCV evaluation of recipients. Two statistical approaches estimated the value of these indirect tests in detecting donors associated with HCV seroconversion and NBNC hepatitis in recipients. RESULTS: For HCV cases, donor ALT alone (at > or = 60 IU/L) had a sensitivity and a specificity of 30 and 96 percent, respectively, and anti-HBc alone (at > or = 60% inhibition) had a sensitivity and specificity of 53 and 86 percent, respectively. The two markers combined had a sensitivity and a specificity of 69 and 83 percent. For NBNC hepatitis cases, each measure had low sensitivity (20%) that was not improved by using both (28%) [corrected]. CONCLUSION: The indirect tests proved to be equal in sensitivity to the first-generation anti-HCV tests. The positive predictive power of these indirect tests in the 1980s was sufficient to affect HCV incidence in studies during that period. Improved anti-HCV assays, however, replaced the need for indirect tests. The sensitivity of indirect tests for NBNC hepatitis contributed little.     

Entry screening to delay local transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)

Background  

After the WHO issued the global alert for 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1), many national health agencies began to screen travelers on entry in airports, ports and border crossings to try to delay local transmission.     

Redistribution of joint moments is associated with changed plantar pressure in diabetic polyneuropathy

Background  

Patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are often confronted with ulceration of foot soles. Increased plantar pressure under the forefoot has been identified as a major risk factor for ulceration. This study sets out to test the hypothesis that changes in gait characteristics induced by DPN related muscle weakness are the origin of the elevated plantar pressures.     

Vesicular release of prolactin from preformed prolactin granules is stimulated by soluble factor(s) from the anterior pituitary of lactating rats

This study demonstrates that conditioned media (CM) from the anterior pituitary gland (AP) of lactating rats contains soluble factors that promote in vitro prolactin (PRL) release from the pituitary glands of male rats. CM-induced PRL release was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ELISA and bioassay. In cultured AP cells challenged with CM, increased intracellular staining with the dye FM1-43 was observed, suggesting vesicular PRL release and subsequent endocytosis. The percentage and hormone content of PRL-containing cells but not of growth hormone-containing cells increased in cultured male AP cells when exposed to CM. When the release of PRL, prelabeled with [3H] leucine for 30 min to 24 h was examined, no stimulatory effect of CM was observed, suggesting that released PRL originates from hormone synthesized more than 24 h earlier. Accordingly, the PRL content of mature granules from male pituitary tissues decreased after CM treatment. These findings were confirmed by electron microscopy immunogold PRL labeling. Treatment with inhibitors of protein synthesis or vesicle trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex did not prevent the stimulatory effect of CM on PRL release. However, blockage of traffic to the plasma membrane completely abolished the effect of CM. These results suggest that CM from the AP of lactators contains soluble factor(s) capable of inducing rapid vesicular release of PRL in the male AP, which originates from preformed, mature granules by mechanisms independent of protein synthesis.     

Predictors of multivitamin use during pregnancy in Brazil

Objectives:  The study aimed at identifying predictors of multivitamin use during pregnancy in Brazil. Methods:  Birth registry data of 1,774 infants at maternity hospitals in Brazil were used. The effects of maternal health and fertility risk indicators, enabling factors and other maternal characteristics on multivitamin use were evaluated both pooled and stratified by African ancestry. Results:  About 14% of the women used multivitamins during pregnancy. Number of previous live births, maternal age and education, number of ultrasound exams and year of pregnancy had significant effects on multivitamin use in the group reporting African ancestry. Maternal acute illnesses and education had significant effects on use in the group without African ancestry. Significant geographic variation in multivitamin use was observed in both groups. Conclusions:  The study identifies several risk indicators, health care access and enabling factors that are predictive of multivitamin use with differences by African ancestry. The study highlights the importance of increasing the awareness of women of childbearing age of the benefits of multivitamin use and identifies barriers that need to be addressed to promote use. Submitted: 19 July 2008; revised: 03 December 2008; accepted: 23 January 2009     

Quantile effects of prenatal care utilization on birth weight in Argentina

The effects of prenatal care utilization on birth weight (BW) may vary by unobserved fetal health endowments. This heterogeneity will be masked by estimating the effects at BW mean but can be evaluated by estimating the effects at BW quantiles as fetal health endowment is a strong correlate with the BW quantile order. We estimated the effects of prenatal care visits and delay before prenatal care initiation, on BW mean and quantiles using a sample of infants from Argentina. Self‐selection into prenatal care was modeled using 2SLS and instrumental variable quantile regression. Results suggest that the ‘mean’ effect of prenatal care utilization largely underestimates the effects at lower BW quantiles. About 35 and 77 g increase in BW mean and 0.1 quantile respectively, per visit and about 30 and 139 g decrease in BW mean and 0.1 quantile respectively, per week delayed, were estimated. Ignoring self‐selection into prenatal care resulted in underestimation of mean and quantile effects. Results highlight the limitation of analyses focused on ‘mean effects’ in the presence of treatment heterogeneity and emphasize the importance of identifying women at risk for having infants at lower BW quantiles as they may benefit most from earlier and more intensive prenatal care. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.