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131.
132.
Kathryn Trottier Traci McFarlane Marion P. Olmsted 《Cognitive therapy and research》2013,37(1):122-126
This study examined the relationships among self-esteem, weight-based self-evaluation (WBSE), and body dissatisfaction in eating disorders. According to the cognitive conceptualization of weight-based self-evaluation, global self-esteem is lowered based on negative evaluations of weight/shape through the mechanism of the WBSE schema. A series of linear regression analyses were conducted with self-esteem, WBSE and body dissatisfaction in order to test for mediation. Body dissatisfaction significantly predicted WBSE, and WBSE significantly predicted global self-esteem after controlling for body dissatisfaction. The coefficient associated with the relation between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem was significant. It was significantly reduced but remained significant after controlling for WBSE. These data are compatible with the view that WBSE partially mediates the relationship between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem across eating disorders, and support the cognitive conceptualization of WBSE in eating disorders. 相似文献
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Strategies for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) require improvement for increased surveillance of avian influenza (AI), where vaccination is employed to control disease. We propose a novel DIVA approach for chickens using tetanus toxoid (TT) as an exogenous marker independent of serotype and relatedness of circulating and vaccine strains. Of 1779 chickens tested from Australia, Hong Kong and China, 100% were seronegative for TT-specific antibodies without vaccination. Tetanus toxoid adjuvanted to mineral oil was immunogenic in chickens. Co-delivery of both TT and inactivated LPAI (H6N2) vaccines in chickens elicited strong TT and influenza-specific antibody responses, which persisted to 53 weeks post-vaccination. Furthermore, immunization with a combined vaccine composed of TT and AI induced high levels of antibodies to both antigens. We conclude that TT is a highly suitable exogenous marker for AI vaccination in chickens allowing simple and effective monitoring of AI vaccination status. 相似文献
136.
Vaccinating adolescents against meningococcal disease in Canada: a cost-effectiveness analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BACKGROUND: One dose of serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV-C) at 12 months of age is the most common immunization schedule in Canada, but immunity may wane over time. OBJECTIVES: To assess the cost-effectiveness of a booster dose at 12 years of age with either MCV-C or a quadrivalent ACYW135 meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV-4). METHODS: A simulation model for assessing both the direct and indirect effects of vaccination was developed. Age- and serogroup-specific incidence and fatality rates were derived from Canadian surveillance data. Vaccine efficacy was estimated from data from the U.K. and Spain, assuming an age-dependent decline of vaccine efficacy over time. Expected vaccine coverage rates were 90% at 12 months, and 70% at 12 years. Herd immunity was modeled using UK data. Vaccine purchase price per dose was $23 for MCV-C and $70 for MCV-4. Costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% per year. Results, expressed in 2004 Canadian $ and from a societal perspective, were presented for a steady state situation and a population of 1 million. RESULTS: Under the "no vaccination" base scenario, 5.7 cases of vaccine-preventable meningococcal disease would occur each year. Vaccination at 12 months using MCV-C would reduce the burden of disease by 32%. Adding MCV-C at 12 years of age would reduce the number of cases by 55% at no marginal cost, while using MCV-4 would result in a disease reduction of 78% for a marginal cost of $31000 per QALY gained. Comparing MCV-4 with MCV-C as a booster dose, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio would be $113000 per QALY. The efficacy of C-MCV vaccination at 12 months and the differential price between the two vaccines were the parameters having the strongest impact on the cost/QALY ratios. Any increase in the incidence of serogroup Y will improve the marginal cost-effectiveness ratio associated with MCV-4. CONCLUSION: Adolescent revaccination would be beneficial. Using C-MCV would be the most cost-effective option, while using MCV-4 would be more effective but would also require more investment. 相似文献
137.
James CM Abdad MY Mansfield JP Jacobsen HK Vind AR Stumbles PA Bartlett EJ 《Vaccine》2007,25(10):1856-1867
Vaccines are urgently needed to elicit immunity to different influenza virus strains. DNA vaccines can elicit partial protective immunity, however their efficacy requires improvement. We assessed the capacity of individual type I IFN multigene family members as subtype transgenes to abrogate influenza virus replication in a vaccination/challenge mouse model. Differences in antiviral efficacy were found among the subtypes with IFNA5 and IFNA6 being most effective, while IFNA1 was the least effective in reducing lung virus replication. Mice vaccinated with combinatorial HA/IFNA6 or NP/IFNA6 showed reduced lung viral titres, clinical score, body weight loss, and pulmonary tissue damage compared to IFNA6, HA, or NP viral vaccination alone. In addition, IFNA6 increased IgG2a titres with upregulation of IFN-gamma response in the respiratory tract. We conclude that IFN-alpha 6 has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects, which improve efficacy of DNA vaccines for enhanced control of influenza. 相似文献
138.
Kalyanasundaram Aravindan Henry Cassandra Brym Matthew Z. Kendall Ronald J. 《Parasitology research》2018,117(9):2963-2969
Parasitology Research - Physaloptera spp. are common nematodes found in the stomach and muscles of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds. Physaloptera spp. have a complicated life cycle with... 相似文献
139.
Maternal cocaine use during pregnancy continues to be of great concern for health care professionals. Research in this area has increased as investigators examine the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure in the infant/young child. This paper will critically review the literature, identify the primary care needs of infants and young children with a known history of prenatal cocaine exposure, and present guidelines for the primary care practitioner to monitor the infant's physiologic and developmental sequelae during the first 3 years of life. Findings in the literature demonstrate inconsistencies in regard to the physiologic and developmental outcomes of infants/young children prenatally exposed to cocaine. Further research is warranted, as it is evident from studies that not all investigators are controlling for confounding variables such as poly-drug use, which is necessary in isolating cocaine's effects. Subtle effects, however, have been reported from well-controlled studies and, thus, particular attention needs to be paid to early identification and interventions by primary care practitioners to prevent negative health outcomes. The guidelines proposed assist the practitioner with a thorough and focused approach to assessing the physiologic and developmental effects that are currently known to occur in the infant/young child prenatally exposed to cocaine. 相似文献
140.
Annemarie Steiner Cassandra R. Harapas Seth L. Masters Sophia Davidson 《Current rheumatology reports》2018,20(7):39