华支睾吸虫对自然感染动物模型猫肝脏/胆管及生理生化指标的影响

目的 了解自然状态下猫感染华支睾吸虫的现状及该病对肝脏／胆管及生理生化指标的影响。方法 观察活猫的精神状态，处死后肝脏形态及切开后的眼观形态；通过病理切片观察肝脏、胆管及胆囊的病理变化；测定血常规及肝脏功能指标。结果 7.3％的肝脏（8／218，218为阳性猫）表面有明显的黄豆粒大小的肿瘤；94％（205／218）的肝脏质地变硬，结缔组织增生；29．8％（25／218）肝脓肿，肝色较黄，小叶结构模糊：54．1％（118／218）胆管内上皮细胞增生，淋巴细胞浸润；感染猫血红细胞显著降低（P〈0．01），血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论 华支睾吸虫对肝脏、胆管及胆囊造成了严重伤害，很可能是肝癌、胆管癌的诱因之一。     

Hormone replacement therapy is associated with increased C-reactive protein in women with Type 2 diabetes in the Diabetes Heart Study.

AIMS: Increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers, especially C-reactive protein (CRP), are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and sudden cardiac death. Medical interventions that increase CRP levels, such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in post-menopausal women, are under increasing scrutiny. The effect of HRT on CRP levels in women with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is not well documented, and conflicting conclusions have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of HRT on women with diabetes in a large cross-sectional study. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty-seven post-menopausal women with T2DM from the Diabetes Heart Study participated. Current use of HRT was determined and serum CRP levels were measured using a high-sensitivity ELISA kit. Generalized estimating equation methods were used to assess the relationship of multiple clinical and lifestyle (e.g. smoking) measures on CRP levels including differences between women taking HRT (HRT+) and not taking HRT (HRT-). RESULTS: Overall serum CRP levels were strongly associated with body mass index (P < 0.0001) and age (P < 0.0001). Of the women, 243 were not using HRT and 84 were using HRT. HRT+ and HRT- women did not differ significantly in measures of clinical traits, with the exception of higher mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in HRT- women (P = 0.004). In all models tested, HRT+ women had significantly higher circulating CRP levels, with P-values ranging from 0.0045 to 0.010. CONCLUSIONS: In this study of serum CRP concentration as a function of HRT in women with Type 2 diabetes, there was consistent evidence for increased circulating CRP levels in women receiving oestrogen-containing HRT. Whether HRT-induced increases in CRP can account for the adverse cardiovascular effects of HRT remains to be established; however, based on these data, there is little reason to believe that diabetic women would be spared from such an effect.     

Lipid lowering therapy leads to a reduction in sodium-lithium countertransport activity.

Erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport (SLC) was measured in 17 patients with either combined hyperlipidaemia or hypercholesterolaemia before and after lipid lowering therapy. Before treatment SLC related to the serum triglyceride level and was increased in combined hyperlipidaemia. After treatment the SLC had returned to normal and the change in SLC was related to the change in serum triglyceride levels. Raised SLC is associated with essential hypertension but is not related to blood pressure. Therefore, the association of raised SLC with hyperlipidaemia and essential hypertension appears to have different underlying mechanisms.     

Cerebral glucose metabolism in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia.

Although cognitive impairment is commonly associated with Parkinson's disease, the relative importance of cortical and subcortical pathologic changes to the development of dementia is controversial. Characteristic abnormalities in cortical glucose metabolism have been reported previously in Alzheimer's disease, a disease in which cortical changes predominate. We measured cerebral glucose metabolism with positron emission tomography in 20 control subjects and in 14 patients with PD with mental status ranging from normal to severely demented to determine whether changes in cortical glucose metabolism occur in early PD and whether the degree and pattern of metabolic change relate to the severity of dementia. The patients were divided into demented and nondemented groups according to the results of neuropsychological assessment. Age-adjusted covariance analyses were performed, since the age distribution varied between groups. The nondemented patients with PD showed widespread cortical glucose hypometabolism without any selective temporoparietal defects. The pattern of glucose hypometabolism seen in the demented patients with PD resembled that described in patients with Alzheimer's disease; ie, there was a global decrease in glucose metabolism, with more severe abnormalities observed in the temporoparietal regions.     

舰船员慢性荨麻疹与马拉色菌相关性研究

目的研究舰船员慢性荨麻疹发病与马拉色菌的关系。方法对126例舰船员慢性荨麻疹患者及45例健康者进行真菌学比较研究。将马拉色菌阳性的82例慢性荨麻疹患者分为A、B两组,A组单用抗组胺药,B组用抗组胺药联合2%酮康唑洗剂治疗。结果舰船员慢性荨麻疹患者皮肤马拉色菌带菌率高于正常对照组(P<0.01),两治疗观察组于治疗结束时,疗效无显著性差异(P>0.05);治疗结束6~8周后,B组疗效高于A组,有显著性差异(P<0.01),且B组真菌学检查马拉色菌转阴率高于A组(P<0.01)。结论舰船员慢性荨麻疹与皮肤马拉色菌有一定相关性,联合抗真菌治疗能提高其远期疗效。     

兔骨髓基质细胞向成骨细胞分化过程的超微形态结构观察

目的观察并探讨骨髓基质细胞向成骨细胞诱导分化过程中细胞超微形态结构的变化及相互联系。方法抽取成年兔髂骨骨髓，分离、培养骨髓基质细胞，1周后分别采用含诱导因子的条件培养液和不含诱导因子的标准培养液继续培养，2周后收集细胞，应用透射电镜观察其超微结构；同时分别将上述两组细胞与煅烧骨体外复合并在原培养液中继续培养，分别于复合1、7、14d取出，用扫描电镜观察细胞表面超微形态。结果透射电镜下见诱导前的骨髓基质细胞浆少，核大，细胞器不发达，处于早期幼稚阶段，而诱导2周后的细胞核小、胞浆多，细胞器丰富，处于较为成熟阶段。扫描电镜下见复合培养2周内诱导前后的骨髓基质细胞均由圆盘形向多角形、条带状相互融合、重叠生长，诱导2周后的骨髓基质细胞间可见大量胶原纤维等基质成分以及钙盐颗粒，而诱导前的细胞始终未见基质分泌及钙盐颗粒。结论成骨诱导后，骨髓基质细胞内细胞器等超微结构极为丰富，细胞表面及细胞间有大量细胞外基质分泌和钙盐沉积。透射电镜和扫描电镜可动态观察骨髓基质细胞向成骨细胞分化过程中细胞超微形态结构的变化。     

支气管动脉灌注化疗联合直线加速器放射治疗Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌

目的　研究支气管动脉灌注化疗联合直线加速器放射治疗Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)的可行性及临床价值。方法　 76例NSCLC患者随机分成A、B 2组 ,A组先行 2次支气管动脉灌注化疗 (BAI) ,第 2次BAI 1～ 2周后再行直线加速器放射治疗 (RT) ;B组单纯行 2次BAI (对照组 )。结果　临床疗效 ,A组 (BAI RT)和B组 (BAI)分别为 89.47%和 60 .5 3% (Ρ <0 .0 1) ;1、3年生存率 ,A、B组分别为 81.5 8%、5 0 .0 0 %和 60 .5 3%、2 1.0 5 % ( 0 .0 1<Ρ <0 .0 5 )。结论　支气管动脉灌注化疗联合直线加速器放射治疗Ⅲa期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和患者 1、3年生存率均显著提高     

Effects of captopril chronic intake on the aerobic performance and muscle strength of normotensive trained subjects.

Fifteen normotensive athletes specializing in dynamic sports took part in a randomized double-blind and cross-over study: captopril (50 mg/24 h) vs placebo. Each treatment lasted one month. Maximal exercise tests on cycle ergometer were performed at the end of each period. No significant differences were observed in the maximal values of oxygen uptake, power, heart rate or blood lactate value. The anaerobic threshold, defined as the exercise intensity which corresponded to a 4 mmol.l-1 blood lactate level was unchanged. With captopril, the end-of-exercise systolic and diastolic BP were slightly altered (NS). Lower limb muscle strength, as explored with a Cybex isokinetic system, was not modified by captopril intake. The results indicate that maximal aerobic performance and isokinetic strength of the lower limbs are not altered by captopril chronic administration (50 mg/day) in normotensive trained subjects.     

关节镜下运用4股腘绳肌腱同期重建前后交叉韧带损伤

目的 关节镜下运用Intrafix和可吸收界面螺钉固定自体4股腘绳肌腱，同期重建前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament，ACL）、后交叉韧带（posterior cruciate ligament，PCL），评估其疗效。方法 ACL、PCL同时损伤的患者16例，关节镜下以自体4股胭绳肌腱作为重建移植物，应用可吸收界面螺钉固定移植物股骨端，Intrafix钉鞘和可吸收锥形钉固定胫骨端，同期行ACL和PCL损伤重建术。7例行内侧副韧带修补，4例行外侧副韧带复合结构修复，2例行内外侧同时修复。所有患者按照国际膝关节评分委员会（International Knee Documentation Committee，IKDC）评分标准进行术前评估，均为D级。术前Lysholm评分为（36．5±3．7）分。结果 随访时间为12～18个月，平均14．6个月。终末随访时，IKDC总体评价：A级6例（38％），B级9例（56％），C级1例（6％），无D级患者。Lachman试验0～2mm8例；3～5mm6例；6～10mm2例（P〈0．05）。屈70°前后总位移0～2mm10例；3～5mm5例；6～10mm1例（P〈0．05）。屈70°后位移0～2mm12例；3～5mm4例（P〈0．05）。术后2个月Lysholm功能评分为（90．4±2．9）分，终末随访时为（93．4±3．5）分，与术前相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 关节镜下以自体4股胭绳肌腱作为移植物，应用可吸收界面螺钉、Intrafix钉鞘和可吸收锥形钉固定股骨胫骨端同期重建ACL和PCL损伤，有利于早期积极的功能康复，膝关节功能恢复满意。