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971.
The School Health Action, Planning, and Evaluation System (SHAPES) is a data collection and feedback system designed to support population-based intervention planning, evaluation, and field research related to youth. The Physical Activity Module of SHAPES consists of: (a) a machine readable questionnaire to collect physical activity data from all students (grades 6 to 12) in a school, (b) a school administrator questionnaire to assess school policies, programs, and resources related to physical activity, and (c) a school-specific feedback report documenting student behavior and school programs and policies. This SHAPES module provides schools with feedback that enables them to take stock of patterns of activity and obesity within their school, recognize what is (and what is not) in place to support physical activity, and how to plan and evaluate their own prevention efforts. SHAPES enables researchers and stakeholders to identify what interventions work, in what contexts, with what students. 相似文献
972.
Metrecia L Terrell Alissa K Berzen Chanley M Small Lorraine L Cameron Julie J Wirth Michele Marcus 《Environmental health : a global access science source》2009,8(1):35-12
Background
Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a brominated flame retardant, was accidently mixed into animal feed in Michigan (1973–1974) resulting in human exposure through consumption of contaminated meat, milk and eggs. Beginning in 1976 individuals who consumed contaminated products were enrolled in the Michigan Long-Term PBB Study. This cohort presents a unique opportunity to study the association between parental exposures to PBB and offspring sex ratio. 相似文献973.
Ogenna Manafa Eilish McAuliffe Fresier Maseko Cameron Bowie Malcolm MacLachlan Charles Normand 《Human resources for health》2009,7(1):65-9
Background
Shortage of human resources is a major problem facing Malawi, where more than 50% of the population lives in rural areas. Most of the district health services are provided by clinical health officers specially trained to provide services that would normally be provided by fully qualified doctors or specialists. As this cadre and the cadre of enrolled nurses are the mainstay of the Malawian health service at the district level, it is important that they are supported and motivated to deliver a good standard of service to the population. This study explores how these cadres are managed and motivated and the impact this has on their performance. 相似文献974.
Middleton JW McCormick M Engel S Rutkowski SB Cameron ID Harradine P Johnson JL Andrews D 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2008,89(10):1941-1947
Middleton JW, McCormick M, Engel S, Rutkowski SB, Cameron ID, Harradine P, Johnson JL, Andrews D. Issues and challenges for development of a sustainable service model for people with spinal cord injury living in rural regions.
Objective
To develop and implement a service model for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in rural regions.Design
Service development, pilot evaluation study.Setting
Regional and remote areas of the state of New South Wales, Australia.Participants
Persons with SCI, caregivers, and health professionals.Intervention
Phase 1 included initial needs analysis, followed by education and resource development tailored to needs of rural health professionals, caregivers, and persons with SCI. Phase 2 included coordination, professional support, and network development by part-time rural key worker and metropolitan-based project officer, documenting health- and service-related issues.Main Outcome Measures
Self-perception of confidence as a result of education as well as reported issues, adverse health events, and barriers to service provision.Results
Clinician confidence in managing people with SCI improved after education. Various health-related, environmental, and psychosocial issues were reported. Limited availability of resources and health infrastructure, particularly in more isolated or smaller towns, challenged service provision. Rural key workers played a central role in supporting local clinicians and service providers, improving communication and service coordination between rural health professionals and metropolitan SCI services.Conclusion
Education and support for rural workforce that may be limited in numbers and capacity, and a model facilitating communication and coordination between services, are essential for improving health outcomes of rural people with SCI. 相似文献975.
976.
Ailsa Cameron BA MSc Liz Lloyd BSc CQSW PhD William Turner BSc MSc PhD Geraldine Macdonald BA MSc CQSW 《Health & social care in the community》2009,17(4):388-395
This paper reports the findings of an evaluation of the 'Housing Support, Outreach and Referral' service developed to support people living with HIV who were homeless or at risk of homelessness. The service was set up as part of the Supporting People Health Pilot programme established to demonstrate the policy links between housing support services and health and social care services by encouraging the development of integrated services. The paper considers the role of housing support in improving people's health, and considers the challenges of working across housing, health and social care boundaries. The evaluation of the health pilot employed two main sources of data collection: quarterly project evaluation reports, which collected process data as well as reporting progress against aims and objectives, and semi-structured interviews with professionals from all key stakeholder groups and agencies, and with people who used services. Over the course of 15 months, 56 referrals were received of which 27 were accepted. Fifteen people received tenancy support of whom 12 were helped to access temporary accommodation. At the end of the 15 months, all of the tenancies had been maintained. In addition, 18 people registered with a general practitioner and 13 registered with an HIV clinic. Interviews with professionals emphasised the importance of the local joint working context, the involvement of the voluntary sector and the role of the support workers as factors that accounted for these outcomes. Those using services placed most emphasis on the flexibility of the support worker role. Importantly, interviews with professionals and those using services suggest that the role of support worker incorporates two dimensions – those of networker/navigator as well as advocate – and that both dimensions are important in determining the effectiveness of the service. 相似文献
977.
Marilee Carballo Mary S. Maish Dawn E. Jaroszewski Amy Yetasook Karl Bauer Robert B. Cameron E. Carmack Holmes 《Surgical endoscopy》2009,23(9):1947-1954
Background Adenocarcinomas commonly metastasize to the lungs and can be resected using open thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery
(VATS). This study reviews metastatic resections in primary adenocarcinoma patients, using both thoracotomy and VATS. We aim
to compare long-term prognoses to test the efficacy and viability of VATS.
Methods A retrospective review of primary adenocarcinoma patients who underwent resection of pulmonary metastases from 1990 to 2006
was carried out. Information was obtained by chart review. Endpoints analyzed were disease-free interval (DFI), survival time,
and recurrence-free survival (RFS).
Results In a total of 42 (16 male, 26 female; median age 58.5 years) primary adenocarcinoma patients, 21 patients underwent first
pulmonary metastatic resection using VATS (7 male, 14 female; median age 57 years) and 21 using thoracotomy (9 male, 12 female;
median age 59 years). Primary adenocarcinomas were mainly 27 colorectal (64%) and 11 breast (26%). Two VATS (10%) and three
open patients (14%) had local recurrences of the original cancer. Median postoperative follow was 13.3 months [interquartile
range (IQR) 4.5–32.8 months] for VATS and 36.9 months (IQR 19.3–48.6 months) after thoracotomy. Median DFI–1 was 22.3 months
(IQR 13.5–40.6 months) for VATS patients and 35.6 months (IQR 26.7–61.3 months) for open patients. Second thoracic occurrences
were noted in six VATS patients (median DFI–2 9.2 months), and in seven open patients (median DFI-2 21.5 months). Third thoracic
occurrences were noted in one VATS patient (DFI-3 18.7 months) and in one thoracotomy patient (DFI-3 21.8 months). Odds ratio
of recurrence showed 12.5% less chance of developing recurrence in VATS patients. Five-year RFS was 53% in VATS and 57% in
thoracotomy patients.
Conclusions VATS has become a viable alternative to open thoracotomy for resection of pulmonary metastases. In cases of primary adenocarcinoma,
VATS showed no increase in number of thoracic recurrences, and comparable RFS. Short-term follow-up is encouraging; long-term
follow-up will be needed to confirm these results. 相似文献
978.
Salo R Nordahl TE Leamon MH Natsuaki Y Moore CD Waters C Carter CS 《Psychiatry research》2008,157(1-3):273-277
The goal of this study was to examine behavioral characteristics of currently drug-abstinent methamphetamine (MA)-dependent subjects (n=39) who experienced psychotic symptoms associated with MA abuse. All participants completed the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), which retrospectively assesses Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-relevant childhood behaviors. The results suggest the existence of possible behavioral markers reflecting an early cognitive vulnerability to the development of frequent MA-induced psychotic symptoms as well as increased vulnerability associated with a family history of psychiatric illness. 相似文献
979.
Geiger TM Miedema BW Geana MV Thaler K Rangnekar NJ Cameron GT 《Surgical endoscopy》2008,22(2):527-533
Background Colonoscopy is an effective modality for colorectal cancer screening. The objectives of this study were to identify colorectal
cancer knowledge and barriers to screening colonoscopy in the general US population.
Methods Data was obtained from the health information national trends survey (HINTS I). The dataset (n = 6369) examined the influence of age, race, gender, education, income, media usage, and interactions with health care providers
on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding colonoscopic screening for colorectal cancer.
Results The term ‘colonoscopy’ was recognized by 80% of participants (over the age of 35), however only 35% of respondents perceived
it as a major method for colon cancer screening. Hispanics had the least awareness of colonoscopic screening (16% versus 39%
non-Hispanic). Female gender, education, and income all correlated with knowledge and use of colonoscopic screening. There
was a positive correlation between media usage and having a colonoscopy (r = 0.095, p < 0.01). Having a health care provider was strongly correlated with having undergone a colonoscopy (r = 0.249, p < 0.01). Reasons for not having a colonoscopy were ‘no reason’ (29%), ‘doctor didn’t order it’ (24%), and ‘didn’t know I
needed the test’ (15%). Personalized materials were the preferred media for receiving cancer-related information.
Conclusions Knowledge of and participation in screening colonoscopy is low in the US population, especially among Hispanics. The most
important immediate action is to increase physician referral for screening colonoscopy. Education materials focused on specific
sociodemographic segments and targeted communication campaigns need to be developed to encourage screening. 相似文献
980.
Platell C 《ANZ journal of surgery》2008,78(1-2):96-8; discussion 98