北京市2013－2014年肠道门诊腹泻患者中诺如病毒感染的流行病学及临床特征分析

目的 了解北京市肠道门诊腹泻患者诺如病毒感染的流行状况及临床特点。方法 采集2013年4月至2014年3月北京市肠道门诊1 892名腹泻患者粪便标本, 并收集患者的流行病学及临床症状资料。使用real time RT-PCR对诺如病毒核酸进行检测, 采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2013年4月至2014年3月北京市肠道门诊腹泻患者诺如病毒阳性率为14.2%(269/1 892);寒冷月份阳性率较高;怀柔区、延庆县等西北部山区阳性率较高;6月龄至5岁儿童诺如病毒阳性率高于其他年龄组, 差异有统计学意义(P=0.006), 散居托幼儿童诺如病毒阳性率高于其他职业人群, 差异有统计学意义(P=0.025);诺如病毒阳性腹泻患者恶心、呕吐症状发生率高于阴性患者, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 诺如病毒是肠道门诊腹泻患者的重要病原, 6月龄至5岁腹泻儿童诺如病毒感染率高于其他人群, 恶心、呕吐为诺如病毒感染的常见症状。     

输液港与外周静脉置入中心静脉导管在乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者中的应用分析

目的 比较输液港（IVAP）与外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（PICC）在乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2014年 1月至2016年12月南通市第三人民医院甲乳外科收治的60例早期乳腺癌术后辅助化疗的患者,按不同处理方法分为IVAP组30例和PICC组30例,观察两组患者的临床费用、并发症及生活自理能力的指标差异。结果 IVAP组患者总并发症的发生率（20.00%）低于PICC组（46.67%）;IVAP组患者在洗澡、穿衣、如厕及床椅移动等自理活动方面优于PICC组;但IVAP组患者平均每次化疗置管及维护费用[（1376.00±304.17）元]高于PICC组[（433.35±234.98）元],差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 IVAP是乳腺癌患者术后化疗深静脉留置的有效方法。     

黄芪白花蛇舌草汤对阿霉素肾病大鼠的治疗作用

目的 观察黄芪白花蛇舌草汤对肾病综合征(NS)大鼠的治疗作用.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠40只,随机抽取10只作为正常对照组,其余大鼠一次性尾静脉注射盐酸阿霉素6 mg/kg,建立肾病综合征大鼠模型.造模成功后随机分为3组:模型组,黄芪白花蛇舌草汤低剂量组3.6g/(kg·d),黄芪白花蛇舌草汤高剂量组70.2 g/(kg·d).连续灌胃给药4周,观察黄芪白花蛇舌草汤对肾病综合征大鼠的24h尿蛋白、血生化指标、肾组织病理学等方面的影响.结果 与模型组比较,各治疗组大鼠24h尿蛋白定量明显降低(P＜0.05),总蛋白、白蛋白升高(P＜0.05),总胆固醇、三酰甘油降低(P＜0.05).结论 黄芪白花蛇舌草汤具有降低尿蛋白、降血脂、提高血清蛋白等作用,改善病理组织学变化,减轻肾脏损害,对肾病综合征大鼠具有良好的治疗作用.     

天麻素及乙酰天麻素对糖尿病视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用

目的比较乙酰天麻素和天麻素灌胃给药对糖尿病大鼠视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGC)的保护作用。方法取56只SD大鼠随机分为7组:对照组、糖尿病模型组、生理盐水治疗组、乙酰天麻素低浓度组及高浓度组、天麻素低浓度组及高浓度组,每组8只。链脲佐菌素腹腔注射建立SD大鼠糖尿病模型,血糖高于16.7 mmol·L-1确定为造模成功。模型鼠出现高血糖1周后,分别给予100 mg·kg-1、200 mg·kg-1乙酰天麻素及50 mg·kg-1、100 mg·kg-1天麻素溶液灌胃给药8周,对照组只给予生理盐水灌胃。模型组和对照组大鼠处死后摘除眼球,做视网膜冰冻切片,PI染核,观察神经节细胞层细胞数量变化并计数。结果造模后8周,糖尿病模型组和对照组的细胞计数分别为5.50±4.50和24.75±3.50,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病大鼠给予天麻素灌胃给药后,神经节细胞层的RGC细胞的损伤减轻。免疫荧光显示低、高浓度组糖尿病大鼠RGC细胞数量较糖尿病模型组大鼠及对照组大鼠增加,其中高浓度天麻素组增加更明显,生理盐水治疗组及低、高浓度天麻素组的细胞计数分别为6.10±3.75、14.00±3.50和18.01±4.00,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病大鼠给予乙酰天麻素治疗后,神经节细胞层的RGC细胞数量较糖尿病模型组增加,其中高浓度组增加更明显,低、高浓度乙酰天麻素组的细胞计数分别为18.25±5.50和21.88±5.50,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与天麻素组比较,高浓度乙酰天麻素组RGC的细胞数量明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乙酰天麻素比天麻素能更有效保护糖尿病RGC。     

A new dimeric neolignan from Magnolia grandiflora L. seeds

Archives of Pharmacal Research - Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of Magnolia grandiflora seeds resulted in the isolation of a new dimeric neolignan, named bishonokiol A (1), as...     

抗生素在预防种植牙术后感染必要性的实验研究

目的 比较口服奥硝唑分散片和金栀洁龈含漱液含漱在预防种植牙术后感染的临床疗效,为临床合理用药提供依据.方法 选取150例单个后牙缺失患者,随机分为两组,采用Ankylos-cx种植系统,完成种植体植入术,术后抗生素组给予奥硝唑分散片口服3d,含漱组给予金栀洁龈含漱液含漱3d,通过术后疼痛自评、术后伤口愈合评价以及X片观察种植体骨结合情况,对比评价两组临床疗效.结果 两组病例患者年龄、性别、缺牙部位等数据具有一致性,含漱液含漱组术后伤口疼痛、伤口愈合情况、种植体骨结合情况与口服抗生素组没有差异.结论 对于全身无系统疾病,单个后牙缺失的患者,种植术后通过含漱液含漱可以达到口服抗生素同样的临床疗效.     

Clinical characteristics of pediatric synovitis,acne, pustulosis,hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome: the first Chinese case series from a single center

Clinical Rheumatology - Pediatric SAPHO syndrome is regarded as the equivalent of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis or chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis. This study aimed to evaluate the...     

Comparison of clinical manifestations and epidemiology between acute hepatitis A and acute hepatitis E in Taiwan

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acute hepatitis A (AHA) and acute hepatitis E (AHE) are endemic in developing countries. They share similar transmission routes and clinical manifestations. To compare the differences in epidemiology, clinical picture and prognosis between these two enterically transmitted forms of hepatitis, we enrolled 58 consecutive AHA or AHE patients (42 men and 16 women; age 16-74 years) from January 1990 to April 2001. RESULTS: In comparison to AHA, patients with AHE were older (56.2 +/- 15.4 vs 30.7 +/- 11.0 years, P < 0.0001), and more frequently had a history of travel within 3 months before onset of illness (68.8 vs 30.8%, P = 0.003). In laboratory data, AHE patients had lower serum levels of albumin (3.4 +/- 0.4 vs 3.8 +/- 0.4 g/dL, P = 0.016), alanine aminotransferase (1912 +/- 1587 vs 3023 +/- 1959 U/L, P = 0.015), and aspartate aminotransferase (1681 +/- 1444 vs 2374 +/- 2869 U/L, P = 0.24), but a higher serum bilirubin level (17.8 +/- 12.3 vs 8.7 +/- 5.0 mg/dL, P = 0.003) than AHA patients. Moreover, five (15.6%) patients with AHE compared with none with AHA died. This probably indicates that AHE had a worse outcome than AHA in our study. In analysis of epidemiological factors, older age of onset of illness was the only significant predicator of outcome. From an epidemiological survey, most AHE patients were imported while most AHA patients were not. However, native AHE and imported AHA did occur in Taiwan. CONCLUSION: Patients with AHE in Taiwan had older age of onset, more records of traveling history, and poorer clinical manifestations than those with AHA, and age seemed to be the most important factor to influence outcome.     

Kidney Transplantation in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

The impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the long-term outcome of kidney transplant patients is controversial. A total of 34 chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers among 143 renal allograft recipients were identified in this study (mean follow-up period: 5.6 ± 3.3 years; range: 1–13 years). During the follow-up, one HBsAg-positive recipient with preexisting cirrhosis died of liver failure, and seven (21%) others developed serious HBV-related complications (four fulminant hepatitis, two hepatocellular carcinoma, one cirrhosis), and four died. Although HBsAg-positive recipients had a higher rate of liver-related complications and deaths than HBsAg-negative recipients did, there were no significant differences in the long-term graft and patient survival between the two groups. The survival rates, liver-related complications, and deaths in HBsAg-positive allograft recipients and 28 HBsAg-positive uremic patients under dialysis were similar. In conclusion, HBV infection is not a contraindication to kidney transplantation. However, pretransplant candidates should be warned of potentially serious liver-related complications.