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21.
Psychophysical experiments measured both olfactory sensitivity to 1-butanol and sodium chloride and taste sensitivity to sodium chloride in normal children and in children with cystic fibrosis. The sensitivity of the children with cystic fibrosis fell within the normal range. These results stand in contrast to those of Henkin and Powell, who found children with cystic fibrosis to be hypersensitive to both olfactory and taste stimuli. Apparent hypersensitivity to taste stimuli could have resulted from the adapting effects of the relatively high level of sodium in the saliva of children with cystic fibrosis. If the contaminating effects of saliva are removed, children with cystic fibrosis yield, on the average, a taste threshold identical to that of normal children. There appears to be no simple explanation for why Henkin and Powell found hypersensitivity to odorants. The present results indicate that, in fact, children with cystic fibrosis display a slight hyposensitivity to odorants. 相似文献
22.
Twenty persons sipped and judged overall perceived magnitude, odor magnitude, and taste magnitude of various concentrations of the odorant citral, the tastants sodium chloride and sucrose, and odorant-tastant combinations. In a second experiment, the same twenty persons sniffed and judged perceived odor magnitude for the same set of stimuli. The investigation probed two primary questions: Does the apparent harmony of an olfactory-taste mixture dictate the degree of additivity in that mixture? Does harmony of the components influence the production of any taste-smell confusion? The data from both the harmonious mixture (citral and sucrose) and the dissonant mixture (citral and NaCl) imply absence of sensory inhibition or facilitation between taste and olfaction. Nevertheless, both types of mixtures led to substantial taste-smell confusion whereby olfactory stimulation evoked sensations of taste. 相似文献
23.
Optimal detection of the progression of coronary artery disease: comparison of methods suitable for risk factor intervention trials 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
S Ellis W Sanders C Goulet R Miller K C Cain J Lesperance M G Bourassa E L Alderman 《Circulation》1986,74(6):1235-1242
To assess the best method of quantitating progression of coronary disease, we studied four measurements in 114 coronary segments from 35 medically treated patients from whom angiograms were obtained 5 years apart. Only stenoses of less than 70% that were visualized in nearly identical projections on both angiograms were evaluated. Vessel edges were measured by use of catheter calibration and an automated computer algorithm yielding two "absolute dimensions" (mean and minimum diameters) and two measurements (percent stenosis and atheroma area) that required a "normal reference" diameter. The coefficient of variation for repeated segment measurements was less for mean and minimum diameter than for percent stenosis and area of atheroma. The best measure of progression of coronary disease as determined by t test comparison of different methods was the change in mean diameter over time (6.7 +/- 14.1% decrease), whether calculated on a per coronary segment or per patient basis (p less than .001). Based on this measurement and its standard deviation of progression of coronary disease in this patient subset with relatively benign disease, it is estimated that 470 patients per group would be required for an interventional study to demonstrate a 33% reduction in disease progression (207 patients for 50% reduction) at a 95% confidence level and 90% power. 相似文献
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Michael H Abraham Mostafa Hassanisadi Mehdi Jalali-Heravi Taravat Ghafourian William S Cain J Enrique Cometto-Muniz 《Toxicological sciences》2003,76(2):384-391
Draize rabbit eye test scores, as modified maximum average score (MMAS), for 68 pure bulk liquids were adjusted by the liquid-saturated vapor pressure P. These 68 adjusted scores, as log (MMAS/P), were shown to be completely equivalent to eye irritation thresholds (EIT), expressed as log (1/EIT), for 23 compounds in humans. Thus, for the first time the Draize eye test in rabbits for pure bulk liquids is shown to be perfectly compatible with eye irritation thresholds in humans. The total data set for 91 compounds was analyzed by the general solvation equation of Abraham. Values of log (MMAS/P) or log (1/EIT) could be fitted to a five-parameter equation with R2 = 0.936, SD = 0.433, AD = 0.000, and AAD = 0.340 over a range of 9.6 log units. When divided into a training set of 45 compounds, the corresponding equation could be used to predict the remaining 46 compounds in a test set with AD = -0.037 and AAD = 0.345 log units. Thus, the 91-compound equation can now be used to predict further EIT values to around 0.4 log units. It is suggested that the mechanism of action in the Draize test and in the human EIT involves passive transfer of the compound to a biophase that is quite polar, is a strong hydrogen bond base, a moderate hydrogen bond acid, and quite hydrophobic. The biophase does not resemble water or plasma, but resembles an organic solvent such as N-methylformamide. 相似文献
28.
Kamel Sadat M.D. Hari Prakash Diddi M.B.B.S. Berthold Klas B.S. Ayman Haj Asaad M.D. Elif İjlal Çekirdekçi M.D. Aylin Sungur M.D. Selvin Sudhakar M.D. Matthew Cain M.D. Arshad Kamal M.D. Navin C. Nanda M.D. 《Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)》2013,30(10):1227-1231
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetically transmitted cardiomyopathy. In patients resistant to medical management, myectomy is the surgical procedure of choice to reduce the symptoms of left ventricular outflow obstruction. Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2DTEE) has become part of the operative procedure by decreasing the incidence of postoperative complications. However, because of the three‐dimensional geometry of left ventricular outflow tract, it is unable to comprehensively assess the location and severity of the obstruction and to provide accurate guidance during myectomy. In this study, 10 patients with HCM underwent live/real time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) intra‐operatively to measure the volume of the resected septum. This volume correlated well with the volume of the resected septal muscle directly obtained using a graduating cylinder containing water (r = 0.9, P < 0.000). 3DTEE may be potentially used as an adjunct to guide the surgeon in performing an adequate myectomy with a lower incidence of residual obstruction and complications such as an iatrogenic ventricular septal defect. 相似文献
29.
Julian Brunner Cindy L. Cain Elizabeth M. Yano Alison B. Hamilton 《Women's health issues》2019,29(1):64-71
Background
The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) faces challenges in providing comprehensive, gender-sensitive care for women. National policies have led to important advancements, but local leadership also plays a vital role in implementing changes and operationalizing national priorities. In this article, we explore the notions of ideal women veterans' health care articulated by women's health leaders at local VHA facilities and regional networks, with the goal of identifying elements that could inform practice and policy.Methods
We conducted semistructured interviews with 86 local and regional women's health leaders at 12 VHA medical centers across four regions. At the conclusion of interviews about women's primary care, participants were asked to imagine “ideal care” for women veterans. Interviews were transcribed and coded using a hybrid inductive/deductive approach.Results
In describing ideal care, participants commonly touched on whether women veterans should have separate primary care services from men; the need for childcare, expanded reproductive health services, resources, and staffing; geographic accessibility; the value of input from women veterans; the physical appearance of facilities; fostering active interest in women's health across providers and staff; and the relative priority of women's health at the VHA.Conclusions
Policy and practice changes to care for women veterans must be mindful of key stakeholders' vision for that care. Specific features of that vision include clinic construction that anticipates a growing patient population, providing childcare and expanded reproductive health services, ensuring adequate support staff, expanding mechanisms to incorporate women veterans' input, and fostering a culture oriented towards women's health at the organizational level. 相似文献30.
Jeff Cain Tom Campbell Heather Brennan Congdon Kim Hancock Megan Kaun Paul R. Lockman R. Lee Evans 《American journal of pharmaceutical education》2014,78(7)
It is time for colleges and schools of pharmacy to examine and confront the rising costs of pharmacy education and the increasing student loan debt borne by graduates. These phenomena likely result from a variety of complex factors. The academy should begin addressing these issues before pharmacy education becomes cost-prohibitive for future generations. This paper discusses some of the more salient drivers of cost and student debt load and offers suggestions that may help alleviate some of the financial pressures. 相似文献