半导体红外激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞

为探讨半导体红外激光对视网膜静脉阻塞（ＲＶＯ）的治疗效果,对５８例ＲＶＯ患者用Ｋｅｅｌｅｒ公司“Ｍｉｃｒｏｌａｓｅ”半导体激光器（波长８１０ｎｍ）作区域封闭或全视网膜光凝（ＰＲＰ）。结果：１７例中央视网膜静脉阻塞（ＣＲＶＯ）患者,治疗前后平均视力分别为０．１７５及０．４０;７例半球阻塞（Ｓｅｍｉ－ＣＲＶＯ）患者治疗前后平均视力为０．１１６及０．４０;３４例视网膜分枝静脉阻塞（ＢＲＶＯ）患者则分别为０．１９及０．４６５。经ｔ检验,差别均有显著性。结论：激光光凝治疗是ＲＶＯ重建供氧平衡的重要手段,疗效肯定。半导体红外激光有比氩激光更易穿透浑浊介质和更少影响视网膜神经纤维层和黄斑功能等优点。早期进行区域封闭或全视网膜光凝,有利于保存有用视力。     

4-Hydroxy-1-[2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl]-4-(4-methylbenzyl)piperidine: a novel, potent, and selective NR1/2B NMDA receptor antagonist.

A structure-based search and screen of our compound library identified N-(2-phenoxyethyl)-4-benzylpiperidine (8) as a novel N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that has high selectivity for the NR1/2B subunit combination (IC(50) = 0.63 microM). We report on the optimization of this lead compound in terms of potency, side effect liability, and in vivo activity. Potency was assayed by electrical recordings in Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned rat NMDA receptors. Side effect liability was assessed by measuring affinity for alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors and inhibition of neuronal K(+) channels. Central bioavailability was gauged indirectly by determining anticonvulsant activity in a mouse maximal electroshock (MES) assay. Making progressive modifications to 8, a hydroxyl substituent on the phenyl ring para to the oxyethyl tether (10a) resulted in a approximately 25-fold increase in NR1A/2B potency (IC(50) = 0.025 microM). p-Methyl substitution on the benzyl ring (10b) produced a approximately 3-fold increase in MES activity (ED(50) = 0.7 mg/kg iv). Introduction of a second hydroxyl group into the C-4 position on the piperidine ring (10e) resulted in a substantial decrease in affinity for alpha(1) receptors and reduction in inhibition of K(+) channels with only a modest decrease in NR1A/2B and MES potencies. Among the compounds described, 10e (4-hydroxy-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl]-4-(4-methylbenzyl)piperid ine, Co 101244/PD 174494) had the optimum pharmacological profile and was selected for further biological evaluation.     

A comparison of self-report and clinical diagnostic interviews for depression: diagnostic interview schedule and schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry in the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up

BACKGROUND: The field of psychiatric epidemiology continues to employ self-report instruments, but the low degree of agreement between diagnoses achieved using these instruments vs. that achieved by psychiatrists in the clinical modality threatens the credibility of the results. METHODS: In the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up, 349 individuals who had a Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) interview were blindly examined by psychiatrists using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). Comparisons were made at the level of diagnosis, syndrome, and DSM-IV symptom group. Indexes of agreement were computed and characteristics of discrepant cases were identified. RESULTS: Agreement on diagnosis of major depressive disorder was only fair (kappa = 0.20), with the DIS missing many cases judged to meet criteria for diagnosis using the SCAN (29% sensitivity). A major source of discrepancy was respondents with false-negative diagnoses who repeatedly failed to report DIS symptoms attributed to life crises or medical conditions. Older age, male sex, and lower impairment were associated with underdetection by the DIS, using logistic regression analysis. In spite of the diagnostic discrepancy, there was substantial correlation in numbers of symptom groups in the 2 modalities (r = 0.49). Agreement was highest (about 55% sensitivity and 90% specificity) when both the SCAN and DIS thresholds were set at the level of depression syndrome instead of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Weak agreement at the level of diagnosis continues to threaten the credibility of estimates of prevalence of specific disorders. A bias toward underreporting, as well as stronger agreement at the level of the depression syndrome and on ordinal measures of depressive symptoms, suggests that associations with risk factors are conservative.     

单侧渗出型老年性黄斑变性对侧眼的吲哚青绿血管造影特征

目的 探讨单侧渗出型老年性黄斑变性(AMD)对侧眼吲哚青绿血管造影(ICGA)特征。方法 分析34例经ICGA确诊的单眼渗出型AMD患者对侧34只眼的荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)及ICGA图像资料。结果 单眼AMD患者对侧眼分别有中晚期后极部簇状强荧光点、强荧光斑、斑片状强弱相间的荧光图像，以及脉络膜灌注不良等几种异常荧光形态。玻璃膜疣在ICGA和FFA上显示强荧光、弱荧少．和正常荧光3种表现；玻璃膜疣在FFA呈强荧光，ICGA一直为弱荧光有18只眼。ICGA中晚期后极部见簇状分布的强荧光点5只眼；中晚期出现1个或多个强荧光斑6只眼；脉络膜灌注不良7只眼。结论 一眼发生渗出型AMD，ICGA检查有助于发现对侧眼是否有病变、病变程度，以及判断预后。     

小细胞肺癌多药耐药基因的检测及临床应用研究

目的：探讨多药耐药集团（MDR1）在小细胞肺癌化疗中的作用和地位，方法：采用逆转录－多聚酶链式反应技术（RT／PCR）和免疫细胞化学染色法，检测了32例（初治原发癌21例和复治转移癌11例）小细胞肺癌患者血液中的MDR1mRNA水平和多药耐药蛋白（P－170）的表达，并对两种方法进行了比较。结果：初治的原发癌MDR1基因阳性表达率为14．29％，P－170蛋白阳性表达为14．27％，复治转移癌的MDR1基因阳性表达率为72．73％，P－170蛋白阳性表达为63．64％（P＜0．01），有显著性差异。MDR1的基因和蛋白两种而检测方法具有一定的一致性，以RT／PTR方法具有更强的敏感性，结论：复治转移癌组比初治组具有更普遍的抗药性，且主要是获得性抗药，MDR1基因表达可作为临床合理地制定化疗方案，预测化疗效果的重要参考指标。     

经络实质之我见

目的：探讨经络研究的正确方向。方法：本于中医唯象思维结合经络的现代研究，分析研究经络实质具体性地归属某一种解剖关系的不合理性和经络现象与人体生命功能活动的关系。结论：经络是人体生命活动的总功能态。     

可溶性血管细胞黏附分子1在妊高征发病中的作用

目的　研究可溶性血管细胞黏附分子 1(solublevascularcelladhesionmolecule - 1,sVCAM - 1)在妊高征发病中的作用。方法　用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)测定 6 7例孕妇血清中sVCAM - 1水平 ,其中正常妊娠组 15例 ,妊高征组 5 2例。结果　中、重度妊高征患者血中sV CAM - 1水平显著高于正常妊娠组 (P <0 .0 1) ;轻度妊高征患者与正常妊娠组相比 ,虽无统计学差异 ,但有升高趋势 ;妊高征组产后该指标下降 ,与正常妊娠组比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。sVCAM - 1浓度与平均动脉压呈正相关 (r =0 .5 4 2 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　妊高征患者血中sVCAM - 1水平升高 ,表明内皮细胞损伤在妊高征的发病中起重要作用。     

益骨胶囊对成骨细胞增殖影响的时效及量效关系研究

目的 :运用中药血清药理学方法 ,观察益骨胶囊含药血清对新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞 (OB)体外增殖的影响 ,并探讨用于OB药效观察的益骨胶囊含药血清制备条件。方法 :雌性 12月龄SD大鼠 80只 ,随机分为生理盐水组、益骨胶囊低剂量 (11 6g/kg)、中剂量 (34 8g/kg)、高剂量 (10 4 4g/kg)组 ,每日灌胃一次 ,连续 12天 ,分别在灌胃后的 0 5h、1h、1 5h、2h采血 ,分离血清 ,用含不同浓度益骨胶囊的血清培养SD新生大鼠颅骨OB ,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况。结果 :末次灌胃后 1 5h采血组的吸收度 (A)值明显高于各组其它时间 (P <0 0 5 ) ;不同剂量各浓度的益骨胶囊含药血清对体外培养的OB增殖均有显著的促进作用 ,其中以高剂量组的稀释比为 2 5 %的血清浓度最佳。结论 :益骨胶囊含药血清对OB增殖具有明显的促进作用 ;益骨胶囊用于OB药效观察的大鼠含药血清制备条件以人等效剂量 9倍连续 12天灌胃、末次灌胃后 1 5h采血 ,血清添加浓度以 2 5 %为宜。     

下延叶排草茎叶的显微结构研究

实验研究表明下延叶排草的显微结构鉴别特征为：茎的皮层中可见分泌道散在，中柱鞘纤维环状排列；髓大，中央具众多分泌道。叶上表皮细胞有放射状角质层纹理；并有类圆形油细胞散在；异面叶，中脉维管束2个，大小悬殊。     

孟鲁司特治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效观察

目的观察孟鲁司特在变应性鼻炎中的疗效.方法对变应性鼻炎病人作过敏原测试,对照组按照过敏原测试结果作常规脱敏治疗,治疗组在脱敏治疗的同时加用孟鲁司特,随访两个月.观察两组治疗前后的症状评分,计算症状积分下降指数(SSRI);同时,按照ARIA评价治疗前后变应性鼻炎的症状分级,记录治疗后的下降阶梯数.结果无论是症状积分下降指数还是症状分级下降阶梯数,治疗组在显效和良效方面均比对照组好,两组比较差异有显著意义(p＜0.05).结论孟鲁司特能改善变应性鼻炎的症状,变应性鼻炎在脱敏治疗的同时加用孟司特能提高疗效.