The evolution of the concept of the use of surgical castration in the palliation of breast cancer in pre-menopausal females.

The understanding of the association of mammalian ovarian function with lactation was common knowledge to dairy-men early in the 19th century or earlier. This thesis reviews the application of these empiric observations to lactation in humans by Beatson of Glasgow, supported by his preliminary laboratory investigations. Beatson noted the cellular anatomic similarity between pre-gestational breast and carcinoma. This study reviews the progressive development of the successful clinical application of castration for the control of inoperable breast cancer by Beatson in pre-menopausal women in 1895. The review terminates with its leading to the monumental work of Huggins in 1941.     

Behaviour of sheep-immunoglobulin-bearing and non-immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes isolated by nylon wool columns.

The technique of separating lymphocytes on nylon wool columns has been applied to sheep lymphocytes obtained from efferent lymph. The non-immunoglobulin-bearing (sIg-) lymphocytes which pass through the column were MLR-reactive, responsive only to T cell mitogens, and migrated in vivo like T lymphocytes described in rodents. Immunoglobulin-bearing (sIg+) lymphocytes were MLR-non-reactive, responsive to lipopolysaccharide and migrated in vivo like B lymphocytes in rodents. It is considered that the majority of sIg- lymphocytes obtained in this way are T lymphocytes and the majority of sIg+ lymphocytes are B lymphocytes.     

Suspected testicular torsion and ischemia: evaluation with color Doppler sonography

Color Doppler sonography was performed in 32 patients with a painful scrotum in whom testicular ischemia from torsion or postherniorrhaphy was clinically suspected. Surgical correlation was available in 15 patients, and scintigraphic correlation was available in 17 patients. Seven of the 32 patients were diagnosed as having testicular ischemia from torsion. Color Doppler flow imaging demonstrated a lack of intratesticular flow in six of the seven testes with torsion and relatively normal intratesticular flow in one of the patients with acute torsion. Normal or increased intratesticular flow was demonstrated by color Doppler in all 57 of the nonischemic testes. Using the single criterion of presence or absence of identifiable intratesticular flow, the authors found that color Doppler was 86% sensitive, 100% specific, and 97% accurate in the diagnosis of torsion and ischemia in the painful scrotum. Color Doppler sonography is an accurate, noninvasive means of rapidly assessing perfusion of the testis in the painful scrotum.