全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1009篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 4篇 |
儿科学 | 22篇 |
妇产科学 | 27篇 |
基础医学 | 67篇 |
口腔科学 | 11篇 |
临床医学 | 206篇 |
内科学 | 314篇 |
皮肤病学 | 75篇 |
神经病学 | 19篇 |
特种医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 82篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
一般理论 | 7篇 |
预防医学 | 58篇 |
眼科学 | 31篇 |
药学 | 89篇 |
肿瘤学 | 15篇 |
出版年
2015年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 22篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1998年 | 45篇 |
1997年 | 52篇 |
1996年 | 52篇 |
1995年 | 30篇 |
1994年 | 30篇 |
1993年 | 41篇 |
1992年 | 29篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 22篇 |
1987年 | 24篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 26篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 14篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 17篇 |
1974年 | 13篇 |
1973年 | 13篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 18篇 |
1970年 | 8篇 |
1968年 | 9篇 |
1967年 | 12篇 |
1966年 | 12篇 |
1965年 | 8篇 |
1963年 | 6篇 |
1962年 | 13篇 |
1961年 | 10篇 |
1960年 | 13篇 |
1959年 | 6篇 |
1958年 | 7篇 |
1957年 | 14篇 |
1956年 | 8篇 |
1955年 | 11篇 |
1954年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有1030条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
41.
42.
CHARLES E. BARR 《Special care in dentistry》1986,6(5):203-204
43.
ALUN CHARLES JONES RMN RGN CPN PGDE MA MSc RNT PhD JOHN R CUTCLIFFE RMN RGN RPN RN B.Sc Nrsg. PhD 《Journal of nursing management》2009,17(3):352-358
Aims This paper discusses the values of therapeutic listening and ways that emotional difficulties can impact palliative nurses' abilities to provide psychological care.
Background Recent literature indicates that providing psychological care can burden some healthcare professionals including nurses; who may lack the necessary competencies or organizational resources to carry out their roles.
Evaluation References drawn from the databases: all EBM reviews, BRITISH NURSING INDEX, CINAHL, PSYCH INFO and MEDLINE and EMBASE are discussed.
Key issues Psychological care is considered critical to providing holistic care. Yet the literature suggests engaging in such work makes emotional demands on the professionals attempting to carry it out and is associated with psychological difficulties including burnout.
Conclusion Clinical supervision can help reduce the distress caused by emotionally charged situations. Thoughtful clinical supervision can also contribute to safe and effective health care.
Implications for Nursing Management Nursing would benefit from understanding more about the effects on healthcare professionals of repeated exposure to emotionally charged situations and benefits that clinical supervision can offer to health care. 相似文献
Background Recent literature indicates that providing psychological care can burden some healthcare professionals including nurses; who may lack the necessary competencies or organizational resources to carry out their roles.
Evaluation References drawn from the databases: all EBM reviews, BRITISH NURSING INDEX, CINAHL, PSYCH INFO and MEDLINE and EMBASE are discussed.
Key issues Psychological care is considered critical to providing holistic care. Yet the literature suggests engaging in such work makes emotional demands on the professionals attempting to carry it out and is associated with psychological difficulties including burnout.
Conclusion Clinical supervision can help reduce the distress caused by emotionally charged situations. Thoughtful clinical supervision can also contribute to safe and effective health care.
Implications for Nursing Management Nursing would benefit from understanding more about the effects on healthcare professionals of repeated exposure to emotionally charged situations and benefits that clinical supervision can offer to health care. 相似文献
44.
THEODORE J. NITZ YASUYUKI SHIMOHIGASHI TOMMASO COSTA HAO-CHIA CHEN CHARLES H. STAMMER 《Chemical biology & drug design》1986,27(5):522-529
The dehydrophenylalanine4-enkephalin having the E-configuration (ΔEPhe; phenyl and C = O, cis) was prepared by photoisomerization of the Z-isomer with 3100 Å light, followed by reversed-phase HPLC separation of the resulting mixture of the Z- and E-isomers. In the radioligand receptor binding assays, the E-isomer of [D-Ala2, ΔPhe4, Leu5]enkephalin exhibited an extremely diminished affinity as compared with the Z-isomer, namely 150–260-fold loss of affinity for the delta and mu opiate receptors. The results indicate that the interrelationship of the Tyr1 and Phe4 residues in the enkephalin molecule seems to be of great importance in receptor recognition. 相似文献
45.
ANDREW BOTTOMLEY phd CHANTAL QUINTEN msc CORNEEL COENS msc FRANCESCA MARTINELLI msc MURIELLE MAUER phd JOHN MARINGWA phd CHARLES S. CLEELAND phd HENNING FLECHTNER phd CAROLYN GOTAY phd EVA GREIMEL phd MADELEINE KING phd DAVID OSOBA md MARTIN J.B. TAPHOORN phd BRYCE B. REEVE phd JOLIE RINGASH phd JOSEPH SCHMUCKER-VON KOCH phd & JOACHIM WEIS phd 《European journal of cancer care》2009,18(2):105-107
46.
AMINA ABUBAKAR PHD ; PENNY HOLDING PHD ; CHARLES R J C NEWTON MD ; ANNELOES VAN BAAR PHD ; FONS J R VAN DE VIJVER PHD 《Developmental medicine and child neurology》2009,51(12):968-973
Aim We aimed to investigate the contribution of disease stage and weight for age to the variability in psychomotor outcome observed among children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Method This cross-sectional study involved 48 Kenyan children (20 females, 28 males) aged 6 to 35 months (mean 19.9mo SD 8.9) exposed prenatally to HIV. Two subgroups of HIV-exposed children were seen: those who were HIV-infected and those who were uninfected. The reference population was composed of 319 children (159 females, 160 males) aged 6–35 months, (mean age = 19 months, SD=8.43) randomly selected from the community. Disease stage varied from stage 1 to stage 3, reflecting progression from primary HIV infection to advanced HIV infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A locally developed and validated measure, the Kilifi Developmental Inventory, was used to assess psychomotor development.
Result Using age-corrected psychomotor scores, a significant main effect of HIV status was observed ( F(2,38.01) =7.89, p <0.001). Children in the HIV-infected group had lower mean psychomotor scores than the HIV-exposed children and the reference group. In the HIV-infected group, disease stage was a negative predictor and weight for age a positive predictor of psychomotor outcome.
Interpretation Weight for age and disease stage provide viable, easily measurable benchmarks to specify when frequent developmental monitoring and psychomotor rehabilitation are required. Nutritional intervention and other measures aimed at slowing disease progression may delay the onset and severity of psychomotor impairment in the paediatric HIV population in Africa. 相似文献
Method This cross-sectional study involved 48 Kenyan children (20 females, 28 males) aged 6 to 35 months (mean 19.9mo SD 8.9) exposed prenatally to HIV. Two subgroups of HIV-exposed children were seen: those who were HIV-infected and those who were uninfected. The reference population was composed of 319 children (159 females, 160 males) aged 6–35 months, (mean age = 19 months, SD=8.43) randomly selected from the community. Disease stage varied from stage 1 to stage 3, reflecting progression from primary HIV infection to advanced HIV infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A locally developed and validated measure, the Kilifi Developmental Inventory, was used to assess psychomotor development.
Result Using age-corrected psychomotor scores, a significant main effect of HIV status was observed ( F
Interpretation Weight for age and disease stage provide viable, easily measurable benchmarks to specify when frequent developmental monitoring and psychomotor rehabilitation are required. Nutritional intervention and other measures aimed at slowing disease progression may delay the onset and severity of psychomotor impairment in the paediatric HIV population in Africa. 相似文献
47.
Endothelial cell dysfunction in homocystinuria 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
PHILIP G. DE GROOT CHARLES WILLEMS GODFRIED H. J. BOERS MERVIN D. GONSALVES WILLEM G. VAN AKEN JAN A. VAN MOURIK 《European journal of clinical investigation》1983,13(5):405-410
Abstract. This report describes the isolation and culture of venous endothelial cells from the umbilical cord of an obligate heterozygote for homocystinuria. The effect of different sulphur-containing amino acids on the viability and function of these cells was studied and compared with cultured normal endothelial cells. When endothelial cells were cultured in the presence of methionine (10 mmol/l) or homocystine (10 mmol/l), differences occurred between the viability and function of the heterozygote and normal cells in terms of 51 Cr release and ability to prevent platelet adherence. The Cr release corrected for spontaneous release increases for the heterozygote cells after incubation for 21 h in the presence of methionine to 81.3% (control cells, range: 0–23.3%, n = 5) and in the presence of homocystine to 141% (control cells, range: 13.5–55.2%, n = 5). The total number of platelets that adhere to confluent monolayers increases for heterozygote cells cultured in the presence of methionine to 0.98 ± 107 platelets cm-2 (normal cells, range: 0.56–0.72 ± 107 platelets cm-2 ) and in the presence of homocystine to 1.41 ± 107 platelets cm-2 (normal cells, range: 0.94–1±06 ± 107 platelets cm-2 ). Both normal and control cells were sensitive to homocysteine. This study indicates for the first time what vascular endothelial cells, derived from an obligate heterozygote, are (partly) deficient in cysthathionine synthase and are more susceptible to methionine- and homocystine-mediated injury than normal endothelial cells. Consequently, in homocystinuria, due to dysfunction of the endothelial cells, toxic sulphur-containing amino acids may accumulate in these cells, causing injury of these cells. 相似文献
48.
Intravascular Lead Extraction Using Locking Stylets and Sheaths 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
CHARLES L. BYRD SUSAN J. SCHWARTZ NANCY B. HEDIN LOUIS B. GOODE NEAL E. FEARNOT HEIDI J. SMITH 《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》1990,13(12):1871-1875
BYRD, C.L., ET AL.: Intravascular Lead Extraction Using Locking Stylets and Sheaths. Chronic lead extraction using intravascular countertraction techniques was studied in patients with over 65 different lead models including passive and active fixation devices. Indications for removal of 115 leads implanted 5 days to 264 months (mean 58 months) in 62 patients (mean 65 years) included septicemia, subcutaneous tissue infection, preerosion, free-floating lead, lead trapped in valve, too many leads, pain, and vein thrombosis. The superior vena cava (SVC) approach was attempted in 101 leads and was successful in 82 attempts (71% of total leads). The inferior vena cava (IVC) approach via the femoral vein was required to extract 14 (12%) leads inaccessible to the SVC approach and the 19 leads that failed the SVC approach (29% of total leads). The SVC procedure includes a sized stylet locked at the tip and telescoping sheaths advanced over the lead to the heart. An IVC procedure includes placement of a 16 F sheath workstation via a femoral vein into the right atrium. A deflection catheter and Dotter snare in an 11 F sheath were advanced through the workstation into the right atrium. The lead was maneuvered into position, snared, and pulled into the workstation. For both the SVC and IVC approaches, the leads were removed by applying traction on the lead and countertraction with the sheaths. In experienced hands, these techniques have proven safe and effective for removing chronic transvenous leads. 相似文献
49.
Chronic Amiodarone Reduces Transmural Dispersion of Repolarization in the Canine Heart 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
SERGE SICOURI M.D. SANDRA MORO M.S. SILVIO LITOVSKY M.D. MARCELO V. ELIZARI M.D. CHARLES ANTZELEVITCH Ph .D. 《Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology》1997,8(11):1269-1279
Amiodarone Reduces Transmural Dispersion. Introduction: Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic agent used in the management of both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. In addition to its β-blocking properties, amiodarone is known lo block the sodium, potassium, and calcium channels in the heart. Its complex electropharmacology notwithstanding, the reasons for the high efficacy of the drug remain unclear. Also not well understood is the basis for the low incidence of proarrhythmia seen with amiodarone relative to other agents with Class III actions. The present study was designed to examine the effects of chronic amiodarone in epicardial, endocardial, and M cells of the canine left ventricle. Methods and Results: We used standard microelectrode techniques to record transmembrane activity from endocardial, epicardial, mid-myocardial, and transmural strips isolated from the canine left ventricle. Tissues were obtained from mongrel dogs receiving amiodarone orally (30 to 40 mg/kg per day) for 30 to 45 days or from untreated controls. Chronic amiodarone produced a greater prolongation of action potential duration in epicardium and endwardium, but less of an increase, or even a decrease at slow rates, in the M region, thereby reducing transmural dispersion of repolarization. In addition, chronic amiodarone therapy suppressed the ability of the Ikr, blocker, d-sotalol, to induce a marked dispersion of repolarization or early afterdepolarization activity. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate for the first time a direct effect of chronic amiodarone treatment to differentially alter the cellular electrophysiology of ventricular myocardium so as to produce an important decrease in transmural dispersion of repolarization, especially under conditions in which dispersion is exaggerated. These results may contribute to our understanding of the effectiveness of amiodarone in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias as well as to our understanding of the low incidence of proarrhythmia attending therapy with chronic amiodarone in comparison with other Class III agents. 相似文献
50.