患者对预检分诊服务满意度理论框架的扎根理论研究

目的 通过扎根理论研究构建患者视角的预检分诊服务满意度理论框架,为评估和量化患者对预检分诊服务的满意度提供参考。方法 采用目的抽样和理论抽样的方法,选择27例接受过预检分诊服务的患者进行半结构式深度访谈;运用程序化扎根理论的研究方法,采用NVIVO12.0软件辅助对原始数据进行开放式编码、主轴编码及选择性编码,并进行理论饱和度检验。结果 析出患者期望、服务质量、信息供给、人本关怀、持续改进5个主范畴。结论 5个主范畴分别构成预检分诊服务满意度的主体因素、核心因素、关键因素、基本因素和保障因素。该理论框架可为改善预检分诊服务、评估患者满意度提供参考。     

Individual and joint effects of borderline ankle-brachial index and high plasma total homocysteine on all-cause death in hypertensive adults

BACKGROUNDThe cardiovascular hazards of total homocysteine (tHcy) are long known. In addition, despite the acknowledgment on the importance of low ankle-brachial index (ABI) (< 0.9), borderline ABI (0.91-0.99) was once commonly overlooked. This study aims to explore the independent and joint effect of tHcy level and borderline ABI on all-cause death in hypertensive population.METHODSThis study included 10,538 participants from China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. ABI was described into two groups: normal ABI (1.00-1.40) and borderline ABI. tHcy level was also divided into two groups: < 15.02 and ≥ 15.02 μmo/L. Four groups were analyzed, using COX proportional hazard regression model, separately and pairwise to observe the independent and joint effect on all-cause death.RESULTSA total of 126 (1.2%) deaths were observed in the 1.7 years follow-up time. Borderline ABI has a higher predicted risk of death than normal ABI (HR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.17-3.00) after adjusting for potential covariates. Compare with tHcy level < 15.02 μmo/L (low tHcy), those with tHcy ≥ 15.02 μmo/L (high tHcy) had higher risk to event outcome (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.30-3.05). According to the cumulative hazard curve, group with borderline ABI and high tHcy level has significantly higher altitude and larger increasing rate over follow-up period compare to other groups. Among those with borderline ABI, participants with high tHcy had higher death risk than those with low tHcy, nevertheless, no significant different between borderline and normal ABI among those with low tHcy levels.CONCLUSIONSBorderline ABI and tHcy level both have independent predictive value on all-cause death. The combined group of borderline ABI and high tHcy has highest risk factor of outcomes, which suggested the mutual additive value of borderline ABI and tHcy. More attention should be given to the importance of borderline ABI in hypertensive population, especially with elevated tHcy level.

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing, non-proteinogenic amino acid synthesized through the transmethylation of amino acid methionine from one-carbon metabolism. Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increased blood coagulation, and metabolic disturbance, promoting cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and coronary artery disease.^[1,2] Notably, patients with high Hcy levels and concomitant hypertension were suggested to be at particularly higher risk.^[3] Moreover, increasing studies have explored a positive association between advanced Hcy level with all-cause mortality. According to a recent dose-response meta-analysis, for each 5-μmol/L increment of tHcy levels, the risk for all-cause mortality increased by 33.6%.^[4]The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is an effective, well-established measure that is commonly used in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD),^[5] meanwhile was well studied as an important indicator of atherosclerosis and CVD events.^[6] Although ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤ 0.90 has been recognized as the threshold value for abnormal/low ABI, which was proven to increase the risk of all-cause mortality,^[7] a study from the American Heart Association has suggested ABI between 0.91 and 1.00 should be considered as “borderline area” in terms of cardiovascular risks,^[8] considering of prior probability and sensitivity of ABI calculation. Emerging studies have aimed to explore the predictive value of borderline ABI,^[9-11] however, controversy remains because of limited and inconsistent data. The current study aimed to explore the individual and joint effect of borderline ABI and tHcy on all-cause mortality among hypertensive adults. Although ABI level ≤ 0.90 has been and is going to remain significant in clinical practice, we believe broader concern should be placed on borderline ABI, especially for its value in risk differentiation and identification. To the best of our knowledge, there are no similar previous studies.     

LHRHa靶向紫杉醇脂质体的制备及体外抗肿瘤作用

目的:制备促黄体激素释放激素类似物(Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues,LHRHa)靶向紫杉醇脂质体(Paclitaxel liposomes,PTX-Lipo),研究其在体外增强紫杉醇(Paclitaxel,PTX)对卵巢癌A2780/DDP细胞的抑制作用。方法:采用薄膜超声法制备PTX-Lipo与LHRHa靶向紫杉醇脂质体(LHRHa-Paclitaxel liposomes,LHRHa-PTX-Lipo),用透射电镜考察脂质体形态;高效液相色谱法测定2种PTX-Lipo的包封率;激光共聚焦法通过卵巢癌A2780/DDP细胞对4-氟-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并氧杂恶二唑荧光素的摄取检测来反映细胞对NBD-Lipo与NBD-LHRHa-Lipo的摄取情况;MTT法及细胞克隆形成实验检测LHRHa-PTX-Lipo体外对卵巢癌细胞的生长抑制情况。结果:制备LHRHa-PTX-Lipo的平均粒径123.4 nm,包封率在90%以上;A2780/DDP细胞对NBD-LHRHa-Lipo组的荧光摄取明显高于NBD-Lipo组;LHRHa-PTX-Lipo对A2780/DDP细胞的生长及克隆形成抑制明显高于PTX组及PTX-Lipo组(P<0.05)。结论:采用薄膜超声法制备的LHRHa-PTX-Lipo可使药物在靶部位聚集,增强药物对卵巢癌细胞的抑制作用。     

白癜风伴矮小、耳聋、视力下降一例

报道1例白癜风伴矮小、耳聋、视力下降。患者,男,6岁,出生时即出现黄疸,1岁时发现发育延迟,4岁时出现听力减退,5岁时诊断为矮小,同年发生右上臂白斑。全外显子测序发现PTPRQ基因突变。皮肤科检查：右上臂屈侧多片色素减退斑。诊断：白癜风合并矮小、耳聋、视力下降。     

Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) can cause different types of cancer in human beings when the virus infects different cell types with various latent patterns. EBV shapes a distinct and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to its benefit by influencing and interacting with different components in the TME. Different EBV-associated malignancies adopt similar but slightly specific immunosuppressive mechanisms by encoding different EBV products to escape both innate and adaptive immune responses. Strategies reversing the immunosuppressive TME of EBV-associated malignancies have been under evaluation in clinical practice. As the interactions among EBV, tumor cells, and TME are intricate, in this review, we mainly discuss the epidemiology of EBV, the life cycle of EBV, the cellular and molecular composition of TME, and a landscape of different EBV-associated malignancies and immunotherapy by targeting the TME.     

2006年国外皮肤病治疗回顾

本文回顾2006年部分国外皮肤性病期刊关于皮肤病治疗的报道,其中大部分为个案报道,对幼年透明纤维瘤病、硬化性黏液水肿、Rothmann-Makai综合征等18种皮肤病的治疗情况进行了介绍.     

Induction of apoptotic cell death in human bladder cancer cells by ethanol extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium leaf,through ROS-dependent inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESZanthoxylum schinifolium is traditionally used as a spice for cooking in East Asian countries. This study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-proliferative potential of ethanol extracts of Z. schinifolium leaves (EEZS) against human bladder cancer T24 cells.MATERIALS/METHODSSubsequent to measuring the cytotoxicity of EEZS, the anti-cancer activity was measured by assessing apoptosis induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, we determined the underlying mechanism of EEZS-induced apoptosis through various assays, including Western blot analysis.RESULTSEEZS treatment concentration-dependently inhibited T24 cell survival, which is associated with apoptosis induction. Exposure to EEZS induced the expression of Fas and Fas-ligand, activated caspases, and subsequently resulted to cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. EEZS also enhanced the expression of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm by suppressing MMP, following increase in the ratio of Bax:Bcl-2 expression and truncation of Bid. However, EEZS-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis were significantly diminished by a pan-caspase inhibitor. Moreover, EEZS inhibited activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and the apoptosis-inducing potential of EEZS was promoted in the presence of PI3K/Akt inhibitor. In addition, EEZS enhanced the production of ROS, whereas N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, markedly suppressed growth inhibition and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway induced by EEZS. Furthermore, NAC significantly attenuated the EEZS-induced apoptosis and reduction of cell viability.CONCLUSIONSTaken together, our results indicate that exposure to EEZS exhibits anti-cancer activity in T24 bladder cancer cells through ROS-dependent induction of apoptosis and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.     

HPLC法测定红花微乳中羟基红花黄色素A的含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定红花微乳中羟基红花黄色素A的含量。方法:采用色谱柱:Diamonsil C18(2)5μm,250mm×4.6mm;流动相:甲醇-0.4%的磷酸水溶液(三乙胺调至pH=3.3)为30∶70;检测波长:402nm;柱温:室温。结果:羟基红花黄色素A在0.3128～3.128μg的范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9990)。结论:本测定方法快捷,简便,准确,重现性好。     

和血祛风冲剂对类风湿关节炎大鼠细胞因子的影响

目的：通过对大鼠福氏完全佐剂性关节炎动物模型进行观察,探讨和血祛风冲剂对该动物模型细胞因子的影响。方法：观察和血祛风冲剂不同剂量组与寒湿痹冲剂对大鼠福氏完全佐剂性关节炎动物模型白介素1（IL－1）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF－α）、类风湿因子（RF)、免疫球蛋白G、A、M（IgG,IgA,IgM)进行观察。结果;和血祛风冲剂各剂量组及寒湿痹冲剂均有消肿作用,均楫IL-1、TNF－α、RF、IgG水平,对IgG抑制作用前者优于后者。结论：和血祛风冲剂治疗类风湿关节炎的机理 可能是抑制炎性细胞因子及免疫球蛋白的水平。