丹酚酸A对大鼠半乳糖性白内障形成的抑制作用

业已证明,丹酚酸A有较强的抗氧化和清除自由基等多方面的作用。本实验用大鼠半乳糖性白内障模型,研究局部应用丹酚酸A对白内障形成的影响。结果表明,局部用0.05%的丹酚酸A(每日滴眼两次)对白内障的形成有一定的抑制作用,使白内障形成过程减缓。而且给药组动物晶体内过氧化氢和脂质过氧化产物(MDA)含量减少,蛋白巯基和总巯基增加。体外实验表明,丹酚酸A对醛糖还原酶有一定抑制作用。以上结果提示,丹酚酸A可通过不同途径抑制白内障的形成,对糖性白内障的防治有一定意义。     

Protocol for Physiotherapy OR Tvt Randomised Efficacy Trial (PORTRET): a multicentre randomised controlled trial to assess the cost-effectiveness of the tension free vaginal tape versus pelvic floor muscle training in women with symptomatic moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence

Background  

Stress urinary incontinence is a common condition affecting approximately 20% of adult women causing substantial individual (quality of life) and economic (119 million Euro/year spent on incontinence pads in the Netherlands) burden. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is regarded as first line treatment, but only 15-25% of women will be completely cured. Approximately 65% will report that their condition improved, but long term adherence to treatment is problematic. In addition, at longer term (2-15 years) follow-up 30-50% of patients will end up having surgery. From 1996 a minimal invasive surgical procedure, the Tension-free Vaginal Tape (TVT) has rapidly become the gold standard in surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence. With TVT 65-95% of women are cured. However, approximately 3-6% of women will develop symptoms of an overactive bladder, resulting in reduced quality of life. Because of its efficacy the TVT appears to be preferable over PFMT but both treatments and their costs have not been compared head-to-head in a randomised clinical trial.     

Stenosis of the vena cava: preliminary assessment of treatment with expandable metallic stents

To test the ability of Gianturco expandable metallic stents to dilate and maintain patency in stenotic venae cavae, stenosis of the inferior vena cava was created in seven mongrel dogs by the percutaneous injection of absolute ethanol into the paravascular retroperitoneal space. Gianturco stents, placed across the stenotic segment, resulted in successful dilatation with improved hemodynamics in four dogs. The stents failed to dilate an occluded vena cava in one dog; in the remaining dogs, stent placement was complicated by early migration and occlusion. Gianturco stents were placed in two patients, one with superior vena cava syndrome and one with retroperitoneal fibrosis that obstructed the inferior vena cava, and resulted in immediate relief of presenting symptoms. These results should be viewed cautiously, but further investigation into the clinical use of the stents is indicated, especially for patients for whom other treatments are difficult.     

国产沉香化学成分的研究——Ⅲ.异白木香醇的结构测定和低沸点成分的分离与鉴定

自国产沉香(Aquilaria sinensis)[瑞香科(Thymeleaceae)植物]的挥发油中,经硅胶柱层析和离心薄层层析分离得到一新的倍半萜,命名为异白木香醇(isobaimuxinol),根据光谱(IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,2 D-NMR和MS)分析确定其结构式为(Ⅰ)所示,并用X-光衍射晶体解析进一步确定了其立体化学。同时,也从该植物挥发油的低沸点部分分离得到四个已知化合物:苄基丙酮,对甲氧基苄基丙酮,茴香酸和β-沉香呋喃。这些化合物均为首次从该植物中得到。     

Glafenine-associated hepatic injury

ABSTRACT— Glafenine was associated with hepatic injury in 38 cases. The causal relationship was assessed on the basis of the temporal relationship with drug use, course and exclusion of other causes. In 27 cases a causal relationship was considered likely, i.e. ‘probable’ (12 cases) or ‘possible’ (15 cases), whereas in 11 cases it was either unlikely or unclassifiable. In both the ‘probable’ and ‘possible’ groups 60–70% of individuals were women. Jaundice was present in three-quarters of cases in both groups. Eosinophilia was more frequent in the group of ‘probable’ cases, and this group had the highest case-fatality rate (42%). Onset varied from 2 days (after a rechallenge) to 8 months, but most cases appeared between 2 weeks and 4 months after starting therapy. Histology in 22 cases showed a predominantly hepatocellular pattern, varying from spotty panlobular necrosis, centrilobular and (sub)massive necrosis (acute pattern) to fibrosis and cirrhosis (chronic pattern). The chemical structure of glafenine and the clinicopathological pattern it induces resemble that of cinchophen. The incidence is unknown. Either metabolic idiosyncrasy or an immunoallergic mechanism seems to be responsible.     

国产沉香化学成分的研究——Ⅲ.异白木香醇的结构测定和低沸点成分的分离与鉴定

自国产沉香(Aquilaria sinensis)[瑞香科(Thymeleaceae)植物]的挥发油中,经硅胶柱层析和离心薄层层析分离得到一新的倍半萜,命名为异白木香醇(isobaimuxinol),根据光谱(IR,~1HNMR,~(13)CNMR,2 D-NMR和MS)分析确定其结构式为(Ⅰ)所示,并用X-光衍射晶体解析进一步确定了其立体化学。同时,也从该植物挥发油的低沸点部分分离得到四个已知化合物:苄基丙酮,对甲氧基苄基丙酮,茴香酸和β-沉香呋喃。这些化合物均为首次从该植物中得到。