白木通多糖的研究

用碱液从白木通(Akebia trifoliate)茎中提取所得的粗多糖ATB经DEAE-Celulose及SephadexG-200柱层析后得到一多糖纯品ATBB 2,其分子量为2.3×10⁵。糖组分分析ATBB-2中各糖残基的摩尔比为Rha∶Ara∶Xyl∶Gal∶Glc∶GalA=1.22∶1.00∶1.10∶0.85∶0.24∶0.82。经甲基化,高碘酸氧化,Smith降解,部分酸水解,¹H和¹³CNMR谱的分析揭示ATBB-2是一个结构复杂的杂多糖。     

CT-guided laser therapy in resistant human tumors: phase I clinical trials

Photodynamic therapy was performed on ten tumors in patients who did not respond to initial therapy and for whom no additional conventional therapy was available. A sensitizing agent (hematoporphyrin derivative [HpD]) was injected directly into each tumor under computed tomographic (CT) guidance to deliver high concentrations to the tumor and to minimize systemic toxicity. Three to 6 days after the injection, a clear Teflon sheath catheter was placed into the tumor under CT guidance. The tumor was exposed to red light (630-nm wavelength) through laser fiberoptics inserted in the sheath. The initial investigation confirmed the technical feasibility of CT-guided photodynamic therapy by means of intratumoral HpD injections and laser exposure through fiberoptics inserted in sheath catheters. The toxicity from a single treatment was minor, and the tumor response was encouraging.     

Peripheral blood blast cell progenitors in human preleukemia

Progenitors of blast cell colonies have been identified in acute leukemia. The peripheral blood of 18 of 25 patients with preleukemic states yielded low numbers of blast cell colonies, and the colony- forming cells were in an active proliferative state when assessed using short-term exposure to tritiated thymidine. The clinical significance of blast cell colonies is uncertain, but we suggest that further analysis of this cultural abnormality may lead to a better understanding of mechanisms and management in preleukemia.     

Manipulation of TPN caloric substrate and fatty infiltration of the liver

Hepatic dysfunction frequently develops in severely malnourished patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and may limit caloric delivery delaying nutritional repletion. Since hepatic dysfunction may reflect hepatic steatosis due to glucose delivery in excess of oxidative capacity, partial provision of calories as fat may permit increased caloric delivery without hepatic dysfunction. This hypothesis was evaluated using a protein-depleted rat-TPN model. After 4 weeks of protein depletion, rats were nutritionally repleted using one of four isonitrogenous, isovolemic intravenous diets of varying caloric content and/or composition. After 6 days of nutritional repletion massive hepatomegaly and fatty deposition were noted in animals repleted with regimens supplying all nonnitrogenous calories as fat or as carbohydrate (CHO). Hepatic steatosis was avoided when a “balanced” regimen (75% CHO; 25% fat) or a hypocaloric regimen (total calories decreased by 25%) were used, but hypocaloric TPN produced suboptimal nutritional repletion (serum albumin, transferrin, nitrogen balance, weight gain). All intravenous diets were similar to oral rat chow in their ability to restore liver nitrogen and maintain liver protein synthesis. The use of TPN regimens of “balanced” caloric composition similar to that of oral feedings (75% CHO; 25% fat) may provide a clinical alternative to hypocaloric TPN permitting optimal caloric provision and nutritional repletion without hepatic dysfunction.     

Thoracic disk herniation: MR imaging

The authors undertook a retrospective study to assess the role of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in thoracic disk herniation. The initial MR images were interpreted independently of other findings. These interpretations were compared with the findings of plain and computed tomography (CT) myelography and surgery, when available. Sixteen thoracic disk herniations were confirmed with plain and CT myelography and/or surgery. Plain myelography was performed on 14 patients and showed focal ventral filling defects in nine. Results of CT myelography were equivalent to those of MR imaging with three pulse sequences (sagittal T1 and T2 weighted, axial T1 weighted) in the identification of all the abnormal levels. In two patients, the signal from the herniated disk was so low on all sequences that thoracic disk herniation had to be inferred from the mass effect on the spinal cord. Precise location of the abnormal level with body coil MR images was achieved in six of 13 patients.     

Paraaortic lymph node irradiation in cervical carcinoma without prior lymphadenectomy

A study of complications associated with paraaortic irradiation was undertaken in patients with uterine cervical cancer who had not undergone prior lymphadenectomy. Between 1975 and 1984, 29 highly selected patients received paraaortic irradiation as part of their definitive treatment for cervical carcinoma. Paraaortic fields were irradiated to a total dose of 4,200-5,000 rad (42-50 Gy), in fractions of 150-180 rad (1.5-1.8 Gy). An anteroposterior-posteroanterior technique was generally used. All fields were treated every day. There were no instances of small-bowel obstruction or other major complications, surgical procedures, or deaths caused by paraaortic irradiation. Eleven patients (38%) have no evidence of recurrent disease 23-120 months after completion of therapy. Paraaortic irradiation was well tolerated in this patient group without prior staging lymphadenectomy. Thus, in selected patients and with appropriate techniques, paraaortic irradiation for cervical carcinoma may be used with relative safety.