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This prospective study compares immediate and delayed patient discomfort in 177 patients following shoulder arthrography using intraarticular combinations of metrizamide, meglumine/sodium diatrizoate, meglumine diatrizoate, lidocaine, epinephrine, and air. Patients receiving conventional ionic monomeric positive contrast media had a 60% (90/150) incidence of moderate or severe delayed exacerbation of their baseline symptoms; only 14% (3/21) of patients receiving metrizamide, a nonionic contrast medium, had similar levels of postprocedural discomfort. Morbidity was somewhat diminished with the use of double-contrast (45%, 34/75) rather than single-contrast (75%, 56/75) examinations, and with avoidance of sodium-containing contrast agents or epinephrine. Nonionic or monovalent polymeric contrast media, despite their present high cost, may be the agents of choice if single-contrast arthrography is performed in joints (such as the shoulder, hip, and temporomandibular) associated with a high incidence of post-procedural pain. 相似文献
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Van de Laar FA Lucassen PL Akkermans RP 《英国医学杂志》2006,9(3):178-179
问题:α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂能够有效地改善2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制吗?[编者按] 相似文献
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Sachiyo Tsuji David Char R. Pat Bucy Morten Simonsen Chen-Lo H. Chen Max D. Cooper 《European journal of immunology》1996,26(2):420-427
To examine the role of T cell subpopulations in an acute graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, γδ T cells and αβ T cells expressing one of the two prototypic Vβ gene families were negatively isolated from adult blood samples and injected into allogeneic chick embryos. CD4+ αβ T cells expressing either Vβ1 or Vβ2 receptors were equally capable of inducing acute GVH reactions, consistent with the idea that αβ T cell alloreactivity is determined by CDR3 variability. By themselves, the γδ T cells were incapable of inducing GVH reactions. However, host γδ T cells were recruited into the donor αβ T cell-initiated lesions, where they were activated and induced to proliferate. The data suggest that γβ T cells may play a secondary role in GVH reactions. 相似文献
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Brown GM; Furlong RA; Sargent CA; Erickson RP; Longepied G; Mitchell M; Jones MH; Hargreave TB; Cooke HJ; Affara NA 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(1):97-107
DFFRY (the Y-linked homologue of the DFFRX Drosophila fat-facets related X
gene) maps to proximal Yq11.2 within the interval defining the AZFa
spermatogenic phenotype. The complete coding region of DFFRY has been
sequenced and shows 89% identity to the X-linked gene at the nucleotide
level. In common with DFFRX , the potential amino acid sequence contains
the conserved Cys and His domains characteristic of ubiquitin C-terminal
hydrolases. The human DFFRY mRNA is expressed in a wide range of adult and
embryonic tissues, including testis, whereas the homologous mouse Dffry
gene is expressed specifically in the testis. Analysis of three azoospermic
male patients has shown that DFFRY is deleted from the Y chromosome in
these individuals. Two patients have a testicular phenotype which resembles
Sertoli cell-only syndrome, and the third diminished spermatogenesis. In
all three patients, the deletions extend from close to the 3' end into the
gene, removing the entire coding sequence of DFFRY. The mouse Dffry gene
maps to the Sxrb deletion interval on the short arm of the mouse Y
chromosome and its expression in mouse testis can first be detected between
7.5 and 10.5 days after birth when type A and B spermatogonia and
pre-leptotene and leptotene spermatocytes are present.
相似文献