Abnormal elastic tissue in cartilage-hair hypoplasia

A 29-year-old white woman had short limbs, hyperextendable joints, fine skin and body hair, anergy to common skin test antigens, subnormal lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin, and increased numbers of natural killer cells, characteristic of cartilage-hair hypoplasia, an autosomal, recessively inherited disorder found in America mainly among the old-order Amish. Her forearm skin was hyperextendable and numerous verrucae were present on the digits of her hands. A skin biopsy from hyperextendable skin showed ovoid, 10- to 20-micron bodies in the papillary dermis. Ultrastructurally, the bodies were interpreted as abnormal elastic fibers.     

Post-treatment sarcoma in breast cancer patients

Background: Many patients treated for breast cancer with radiotherapy will survive their disease and be at risk for treatment-related sarcoma for many years. Methods: In order to identify patients with post-treatment sarcoma and define this disease, we examined the records of 99 patients treated for sarcoma with a history of antecedent breast carcinoma. Of these patients, 51 were felt to have a sarcoma unrelated to breast cancer treatment and 48 were felt to have a treatment-related sarcoma (secondary to lymphedema and/or radiation). Results: Lymphangiosarcoma of the extremity was the most common histologic subtype of post-treatment sarcoma, accounting for 22 of 48 cases (46%). Twenty-six patients (54%) developed nonlymphangiosarcoma post-treatment sarcoma; all of these were radiation-associated sarcomas. The median latency interval between the diagnosis of breast cancer and the development of sarcoma was 11 years (range 4–44) and was not different between the two groups. However, patients with nonlymphangiosarcoma were significantly younger when diagnosed with breast cancer than were those with lymphangiosarcoma of the extremity (median 43 vs. 51 years, p<0.001). The survival of all 48 patients was poor: 5-year survival was 29%. Five-year survival of patients with other types of post-treatment sarcoma was just as poor as those with lymphangiosarcoma of the extremity (30% vs. 28%, p=0.98). Conclusions: Patients who develop sarcoma after treatment for breast cancer have a poor prognosis whether it occurs as Stewart-Treves syndrome or other types of post-treatment sarcoma. Younger patients may be at higher risk than are older patients for the development of nonlymphangiosarcoma post-treatment sarcoma.Presented at the 46th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, March 18–21, 1993.     

Lipomas where you least expect them.

Although lipomas are relatively common and found in most anatomical sites, we are not aware of any previous reports of lipomas arising between the two layers of the deep temporal fascia above the zygomatic arch. This is surprising because a fat pad is seen and used during surgery in this area to protect the frontal branch of the facial nerve. This case highlights the importance of understanding the anatomy of this region, because lipomas can potentially arise in any of three fat pads laying near the facial nerve in this area.     

Metastasising chordoma to the mandible from a rare vertebral site: the first reported case.

Chordoma is a rare tumor, arising from notochord remnants, which usually occurs in the axial skeleton and rarely metastasizes. Although there have been 3 previous reports of metastatic disease to the facial bones from sacrococcygeal chordoma, this is the first to describe spread to the mandible from a vertebral primary chordoma.     

Impact of major co-morbidities on mortality and complications after gastric bypass

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that major co-morbidities affect survival and complications after gastric bypass. METHODS: A total of 1465 patients undergoing laparoscopic and open gastric bypass between 1995 and 2002 were studied. Patients with a body mass index >or= 35 kg/m(2) and major co-morbidities (group 1, n = 1045) were compared with patients with a body mass index >or= 40 kg/m(2) with minor/no co-morbidities (group 2, n = 420). RESULTS: Group 1 patients were older (43 versus 36 years, P < 0.001) and had a greater BMI (53 versus 50 kg/m(2), P < 0.001). Early postoperative complications were greater in group 1 than in group 2 and included leaks (4.1% versus 1.2%, P < 0.0032) and wound infections (3.9% versus 1.4%, P < 0.0133). Procedure-related mortality in the series was 1.7%. Mortality was 10-fold greater in group 1 (2.3% versus 0.2%, P < 0.0032). The incidence of small bowel obstruction, incisional hernia, and pulmonary embolism was similar in the two groups. Excess weight loss was significantly greater in group 2 (68% versus 62%, P < 0.001) at 1 year. Resolution of group 1 co-morbidities was great, including hypertension in 62%, diabetes in 75%, venous stasis disease in 96%, and pseudotumor cerebri in 98%. CONCLUSION: Outcomes analysis of obesity surgery requires risk stratification. The very low mortality rates in published studies are likely explained by surgical treatment of low-risk patients with minor co-morbidities, such as those seen in group 2. However, despite the increased perioperative risk, the group 1 patients (with major co-morbidities) demonstrated dramatic resolution of their co-morbid conditions, justifying the decision to go forward with surgery. The data support a radical change in treatment philosophy in which morbidly obese individuals should be offered bariatric surgery before major co-morbid conditions develop as a strategy to decrease the operative risk.     

Noninvasive measurement of regional blood flow in man

Regional blood flow in man is ideally measured by techniques that are noninvasive, accurate, and can measure flow repetitively with comparative ease. Although numerous noninvasive techniques are available, no single method records blood flow accurately in every location. The neophyte investigator is often faced with a confusing array of methods and can spend considerable time searching for the ideal one. This paper presents current methods available to the clinical or metabolic researcher and comments on the strengths and limitations of each method. It is hoped that this will allow more rapid selection of a flow measurement method that is tailored to each individual's need.