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51.
The relationship between bladder cancer and alcohol consumption was investigated in a case-control study conducted in 546 patients (453 males and 53 females) with diagnoses of papillary urothelial carcinoma during 1978–1982 at La Paz hospital (Madrid), and an equal number of controls matched for age, sex and date of admission to the hospital. The results showed that the risk of bladder cancer does not increase with the intake of beer, wine and spirit beverages. However, a high risk of bladder cancer was associated with consumption of wine mixed with gaseosa (a refreshment beverage consisiting of carbonated water plus artificial sweeteners). 相似文献
52.
JC Bos R Stoeckart AIJ Klooswijk B van Linge R Bahadoer 《Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA》1994,16(3):253-258
Summary In view of the increasing popularity of the direct lateral approach to the hip joint for hemi- or total hip arthroplasty, the location of the superior gluteal nerve (SGN) was studied. This nerve is in danger when using a transgluteal incision. In 20 embalmed specimens the relation of the SGN to the tip of the greater trochanter (TT) was studied as well as the relation to the iliac crest. For this purpose macroscopy, microscopy and CT were used. In 13 hips a so-called most inferior branch was found at an average of 1 cm distal to the inferior branch, the main trunk of the nerve. There was substantial variation in the course of both the inferior and the most inferior branch of the SGN. In order to prevent nerve damage, proximal extension of the transgluteal incision should be limited to 3 cm cranial to TT. Furthermore the incision has to be confined to the distal one third of the distance TT-iliac crest. In tall people extra care should be taken.
Anatomie chirurgicale du nerf glutéal supérieur et bases anatomo-radiologiques de l'abord latéral direct de la hanche
Résumé Les recours de plus en plus fréquent à la voie latérale directe de la hanche pour les prothèses totales ou cervico céphaliques nous a conduit à étudier la localisation du nerf glutéal supérieur (SGN) qui est exposé lors de l'incision transglutéale. Les rapports du SGN avec le sommet du grand trochanter (TT) et avec la crête iliaque ont été étudiés sur 20 cadavres embaumés. Nous avons eu recours à l'étude macroscopique, microscopique ainsi qu'au scanner. Dans 13 cas nous avons mis en évidence une branche très inférieure, donc plus distale, située 1 cm en moyenne en dessous de la branche inférieure habituelle de bifurcation du tronc principal. Il existait des variations importantes dans les trajets de ces deux branches inférieures. Afin de prévenir une lésion chirurgicale du nerf, l'incision transglutéale ne doit pas aller au delà de 3 cm du sommet du grand trochanter, de plus l'incision doit être confinée en dessous du tiers distal de la ligne joignant le grand trochanter à la crête iliaque.相似文献
53.
Ladrón N Fernández M Agüero J González Zörn B Vázquez-Boland JA Navas J 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2003,41(7):3241-3245
The actinomycete Rhodococcus equi is an important pathogen of horses and an emerging opportunistic pathogen of humans. Identification of R. equi by classical bacteriological techniques is sometimes difficult, and misclassification of an isolate is not uncommon. We report here on a specific PCR assay for the rapid and reliable identification of R. equi. It is based on the amplification of a fragment of the choE gene encoding cholesterol oxidase. The choE-based PCR was assessed by using a panel of strains comprising 132 isolates from different sources and of different geographical origins, all initially identified biochemically as R. equi, and 30 isolates of representative non-R. equi actinomycete species, including cholesterol oxidase producers. The expected 959-bp amplicon was observed only with R. equi isolates, as confirmed by sequencing of a variable region of the 16S RNA gene from a random sample of 20 PCR-positive isolates. All R. equi isolates gave a positive choE-based PCR result, which correlated with a high degree of conservation of the choE gene. Three of the 132 strains originally identified as R. equi were negative for the choE gene, and subsequent analysis of their 16S RNA gene sequences confirmed that they belonged to other bacterial species (Dietzia maris, Mycobacterium peregrinum, and Staphylococcus epidermidis). All non-R. equi isolates were negative by the choE-based PCR. ATCC 21387, the only known isolate of Brevibacterium sterolicum, gave a 959-bp amplicon whose DNA sequence was virtually identical to that of R. equi choE. Comparison of the 16S RNA genes indicated that ATCC 21387 should be considered an R. equi isolate. 相似文献
54.
Hébert R Leclerc G Bravo G Girouard D Lefrançois R 《Archives of gerontology and geriatrics》1994,18(1):1-14
Dementia induces morbidity not only in the patients but also in the families taking care of them. Many studies described the impact of care-giving on physical and psychological health. Support groups were designed to alleviate the burden of care-givers. The objective of this study was to measure the efficacy of a support group programme for care-givers of demented patients in the community. Forty-one primary care-givers were randomly assigned to a study (n=23) or a control group (n=18). Subjects of the study group attended a structured programme of eight 2-h sessions. These weekly sessions consisted of information on the disease, role-playing on management of behavior problems, discussion on emotional impact of care-giving, and learning of stress management techniques. Subjects of the control group were referred to informal monthly meetings of the Alzheimer's Society. Subjects of both groups were evaluated at the entry (T1), after 8 weeks (T2) and after 8 months (T3). The outcome variables were the Burden Interview, the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist, the Brief Symptoms Inventory, the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test and a questionnaire on health care utilization. Compared with the control group, subjects of the study group yielded only a significant increase in knowledge about the disease (p<0.0001) but no significant difference on the other outcome variables. It is concluded that this type of support group programme seems to have only a minimal impact on morbidity and on the burden of care-givers. These results are similar with two other studies examining the same issue. 相似文献
55.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of hepatitis B vaccination strategies in Catalonia, Spain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antoñanzas F Garuz R Rovira J Antón F Trinxet C Navas E Salleras L 《PharmacoEconomics》1995,7(5):428-443
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important public health problem all over the world. Vaccination is one way to prevent it, and several strategies can be used depending on endemicity, the main pattern of HBV transmission and the demographic structure of the population. In this study, an economic comparison of 3 vaccination strategies (mass adolescent vaccination, mass infant vaccination and mass combined vaccination) was performed in Catalonia, Spain. Screening pregnant women for HBV infection in combination with these strategies was also evaluated. Epidemiological models to analyse patterns of HBV infection with and without vaccination and to calculate HBV-associated costs were designed. Comparison between strategies was done using cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the healthcare system. Epidemiological model results indicate that implementation of HBV vaccination could prevent as many as 104,778 new acute infections, and avoid up to 5239 chronic infections, 2096 cases of cirrhosis and 419 cases of hepatocarcinoma over a 20-year period in Catalonia. Cost-effectiveness analysis shows that mass adolescent vaccination is the most efficient strategy, with lower costs per avoided case than the other 2 strategies. When any of these strategies is complemented by screening for HBV in pregnant women, the number of avoided cases is always higher and the cost per avoided case decreases or remains unchanged. 相似文献
56.
Navas Pastor J Ferrero Doria R Guzmán Martínez-Valls PL Morga Egea JP García Ligero J Tomás Ros M Rico Galliano JL Sempere Gutiérrez A Fontana Compiano LO 《Actas urologicas espa?olas》1999,23(1):22-27
Presentation of eight cases of urinary candidiasis in patients who underwent radical cystectomy and were managed using by-pass of the urinary tract, oral antifungal therapy and solutions in the way of intermittent instillation through nephrostomy catheters. 相似文献
57.
Guzmán Martínez-Valls PL Ferrero Doria R Morga Egea JP Navas Pastor J Tomás Ros M Rico Galiano JL Sempere Gutiérrez A Fontana Compiano LO 《Actas urologicas espa?olas》1999,23(8):700-702
Trigonocervicotomy is a barely invasive technique for the treatment of infravesical obstruction, first introduced in the 60's by Turner-Warkic and Orandi. To achieve good results with this procedure, the selection criteria must take into account a series of parameters such as age, sexual activity, PSA, prostate weight (below 30 grams) and others. In addition to its low morbidity, a larger percentage of patients preserve ejaculation than with the use of other techniques, also the neck sclerosis rate being lower as seen in all our series and expertise. The efficacy of this technique was studied on 100 patients. 相似文献
58.
Soleto Martín J Rodríguez Durántez JA González López JL Cervera Bravo P Cubillo Martín A López Valverde S García-Trevijano Forte JL Navascués del Río JA 《Cirugía pediátrica : organo oficial de la Sociedad Espa?ola de Cirugía Pediátrica》1999,12(3):119-121
Obstetrical sciatic palsy have been frequently seen in our hospital, but bibliography about this subject is rare, not only in Spanish but also in other languages. We review our experience about this pathology, and if it is possible, to contribute to prevent its occurrence. 相似文献
59.
Canino G Bravo M Ramírez R Febo VE Rubio-Stipec M Fernández RL Hasin D 《Journal of studies on alcohol》1999,60(6):790-799
OBJECTIVE: The study reports the process of translation into Spanish and adaptation to the Hispanic culture of the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Schedule (AUDADIS). This instrument is a structured diagnostic interview schedule specifically developed for the assessment of substance-related disorders and their comorbid disorders and disabilities. METHOD: A random sample (N = 169) of adults from a primary health care clinic in Puerto Rico was selected. The test-retest reliability of the instrument was examined across time and across interviewers, and the validity was assessed by comparing computer-derived diagnoses obtained through the administration of lay interviewers with best estimate diagnoses given by board-certified psychiatrists. RESULTS: For most diagnoses and symptoms studied, as well as for most of the alcohol consumption measures, the test-retest reliability of the Spanish AUDADIS was consistent with results reported in other national and international studies using this instrument. Good to excellent test-retest reliability was obtained for the diagnoses of alcohol dependence and major depression. Similarly, good to excellent agreement was obtained between the lay administered AUDADIS and best estimate diagnoses for most diagnostic categories, with the exception of dysthymia. As in other studies, the reliability and validity of the substance abuse category was poor. When agreement for this category was estimated independent of lifetime dependence, both the reliability and validity coefficients were considerably improved. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish AUDADIS generally demonstrates good to excellent levels of reliability and validity that are comparable to findings reported for this instrument in other national and international studies. 相似文献
60.
Using bivariate and multivariate methods, we retrospectively analyzed the influence of patient age and the use of concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on the lamotrigine (LTG) concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratio in samples from 164 patients (68 children, 96 adults) with epilepsy receiving LTG alone (n = 28) or in combination with various antiepileptic drugs (n = 136). The LTG C/D ratio increased with age in children receiving LTG alone (r = 0.60, p < 0.01), but decreased with age in adults receiving LTG and inducers (r = -0.42, p < 0.001). In patients receiving LTG and inducers, the ratio was statistically lower in those younger than 9 years of age (0.23 +/- 0.08) and older than 30 years of age (0.32 +/- 0.15) than it was in those between 9 and 30 years of age (0.44 +/- 0.15). The mean LTG C/D ratio was 0.37 +/- 0.15 in patients receiving LTG and inducers (n = 92), 0.84 +/- 0.41 in patients receiving LTG alone (n = 28), 1.09 +/- 0.44 in those receiving LTG with VPA plus inducers (n = 17), and 3.41 +/- 1.18 in those receiving LTG and VPA (n = 27). Differences in the LTG C/D ratio between treatment groups were similar in children and in adults. We reached the following conclusions: The LTG C/D ratio increased with age in children but may decrease with age in adults receiving concomitant enzyme-inducing AEDs; the LTG C/D ratio was 10 times lower in patients receiving LTG and inducers than in those receiving LTG and VPA (in both children and adults), and this difference was higher than the four-fold difference described for LTG half-life and the two-fold differences currently used in LTG dosage. 相似文献