联立方程组的新解法及其在复方制剂分析中的应用

本文报道了光度分析中联立方程组的新解法,用吸收比代替吸收系数,简便了测定方法,增大了方法的灵活性。作者用该法对安钠咖注射液及脑清片两种复方制剂进行试验,结果表明,只要αβ小于0.5,A_λ1^a+b/βA_λ2^a+b,A_λ2^a+b/αA<>subλ1^a+b大于1.2,就有可能获得满意结果。     

Radiotherapy with concomitant weekly docetaxel for Stages III/IV oropharynx carcinoma. Results of the 98-02 GORTEC Phase II trial

PURPOSE: We designed a prospective Phase II clinical trial to evaluate the addition of weekly chemotherapy using Docetaxel during standard radiation therapy in patients with Stages III and IV oropharynx carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 63 patients have been entered in a Phase II multicenter trial. Radiotherapy delivered, with conventional fractionation, 70 Gy in 35 fractions. Patients received during the period of radiotherapy seven cycles of Docetaxel (20 mg/m2 each week). RESULTS: Radiotherapy compliance was good in respect to total dose, treatment duration, and treatment interruption. The rate of Grade 3 and 4 mucositis was 84%. Grade 3 and 4 skin toxicity occurred in 53% of the patients. Hematologic toxicity was infrequent, with only a 5% rate of Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. Three-year overall actuarial survival and disease-free survival rates were, respectively, 47% (95% CI = 39-68%) and 39% (95% CI = 30-57%). The local and regional control rate was 64%. CONCLUSION: The adjunction of weekly Docetaxel to conventional radiotherapy is feasible. Mucositis and skin toxicity were the major acute toxic effects. Therapeutic results were similar to those observed with concomitant chemotherapy using platinum and/or 5-FU. Further trials using Docetaxel in combination with other cytotoxic agents are needed.     

The medical and surgical management of acute abdominal complications in neutropenic cancer patient: description of 21 cases

Because of the lack of specificity of gastrointestinal tract symptoms and of imaging studies findings in one hand, and because of a presumed high risk of complications in the other hand, surgical management of acute abdomen in neutropenic patients remains very controversial. The purpose of the study is to review our experience with management of acute abdomen. The records of 21 neutropenic patients admitted in the intensive care unit for postoperative management or for evaluation and diagnosis of abdominal symptoms were reviewed. Thirteen patients underwent surgery, 8 did not. Peritoneal signs on physical examination were correlated with positive laparotomies, the sensitivity was 71% and the specificity was 50%. Seven of the 13 operated patients survived the surgical procedure (54%); while 37,5% of the non operative group survived. The surgical treatment may be safely carried out in neutropenic patients with an acute abdomen and represent sometimes the only way to assure proper treatment.     

Expression of a single betaalpha chain protein of equine LH/CG in milk of transgenic rabbits and its biological activity

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) is a heavily glycosylated glycoprotein composed of non-covalently linked alpha- and beta-subunits. eCG possesses the particularity to bind to both LH and FSH receptors in species other than horses and to have a prolonged plasma half-life. All these properties make it of utmost interest for livestock fertilization program. Up to now, the only source of eCG is the serum of pregnant mare. Rabbit mammary gland is considered as a system able to produce recombinant glycoproteins in sufficient quantity for pharmaceutical use. Here we described the production of a recombinant single betaalpha chain of eLH/CG in the milk of transgenic rabbit. The construction of a single-chain permits to by-pass the problem of association-dissociation of the subunits. This recombinant hormone is greatly expressed (21.7 mg/l) and presents similar in vitro LH and FSH bioactivities. However, betaalphaeLH/CG shows an extremely rapid clearance (approximately 10 min), which could explain the absence of in vivo biological activity. So the rabbit mammary gland is not appropriate for the production of a recombinant active eLH/CG.     

三峡库区居民生活方式变化与心血管健康关系的预调查

目的:比较三峡库区移民人群与非移民人群、移民人群与安置地人群及移民人群移民前后生活方式、生存环境及心血管事件发生情况的变化,评价迁移对移民的心血管健康的影响。方法:于2005-07-18/21选择在重庆市云阳县开展此次流行病学现况调查。采用整群抽样的方法对重庆市云阳县库区拟移居人群(南溪镇)及非移居人群(栖霞镇)各50人进行调查。该人群平均年龄(53±13)岁,男性占30%,女性占70%,67%为45岁及以上中老年人。受教育程度为未上学和小学的占77%。采用面对面的访问,填写问卷,体检,入户调查,生活环境的调查等方式了解库区居民的生活环境、生活方式及与心血管疾病相关的危险因素情况。内容包括:①问卷调查:包括一般情况、生活环境、生活方式、既往疾病史、家族史等。②体检:测身高、体质量、腰围、臀围及血压。③抽空腹静脉血3mL:测血清总胆固醇、血清三酰甘油、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及血糖。结果:共调查100人,均获得完整资料,全部进入结果分析。①两组人群除了舒张压的差别有显著性意义(P=0.0014)外,年龄、收缩压、血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖、性别、婚姻状况、受教育情况的差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②移居组人均年收入2000元,对照组为1000元,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。③移居组和对照组男性吸烟率(69%,43%)、饮酒率(13%,36%)差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);饮食习惯差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。④居民房屋建筑材料,73%为全砖及水泥结构,有独立厨房者占85%,55%的家庭使用自来水。58%的家庭以煤炭为做饭的主要燃料,厕所为蹲坑式的占75%。⑤移居组和对照组平均收缩压与舒张压分别为(109.67±14.13),(71.00±9.08);(115.33±20.80),(79.33±11.20)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa);高血压检出率为19%,血脂异常检出率37%;不同类型的血脂异常检出率为:高胆固醇血症5%,高三酰甘油血症32%,低高密度脂蛋白血症11%;糖尿病检出率为6%;超体质量率为22%。移居组各项指标检出率仅高三酰甘油血症高于对照组(42%,22%,P<0.05)。结论:能找到合适的对象(库区移民),当地移民局与卫生局均支持、合作,拟定目标方案具有良好的可行性;被调查对象高血压、血脂异常及糖尿病检出率较高,开展三峡库区居民生活方式变化与心血管健康关系的研究是十分必要的。     

Activation in stored platelet concentrates: correlation between membrane expression of P-selectin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, and beta- thromboglobulin release

By using two distinct measurements of alpha-degranulation (surface P- selectin [alpha-granule membrane protein-140] expression and beta- thromboglobulin [beta-TG] release) and quantitation of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa surface density, stored platelet concentrates were evaluated to determine a) which method of measuring platelet alpha- granule release was more sensitive in detecting early platelet activation; b) whether Day 1 levels of activation predicted the extent of activation or cell lysis on Day 5 of storage; and c) whether changes in surface GPIIb/IIIa density were primarily dependent on platelet activation. By using samples from paired and unpaired units stored for 1, 3, and 5 days, four observations could be made. 1) A flow cytometric assay for the percentage of P-selectin-positive platelets was more sensitive for early detection of platelet activation than was measurement of beta-TG release. This finding was most likely due to enhanced sensitivity in detecting platelets that had undergone partial alpha-granule release. 2) Total P-selectin expression correlated with beta-TG release, which indicated that the extent of alpha-granule membrane fusion with the external platelet membrane was proportional to the amount of alpha-granule contents released into the supernatant. 3) All of the activation measurements on Day 1 predicted the activation values, but did not predict the degree of cell lysis (measured by lactate dehydrogenase discharge), on Day 5 of storage. 4) Surface GPIIb/IIIa density was increased on the subset of P-selectin-positive platelets as compared with the P-selectin-negative subset at all times during storage, but, within each subset, GPIIb/IIIa surface density did not significantly increase over the time of storage.     

mSOD1转基因阳性家族性肌萎缩侧索硬化症模型大鼠的生物学特征

目的：家族性肌萎缩侧索硬化症转基因大鼠模型的鉴定及生物学特性的检测。 方法：实验于2006—06／12在北京市虹天济神经科学研究院完成。从国外购来mSOD1转基因的肌萎缩侧索硬化症大鼠模型及其野生型进行繁殖扩增；PCR筛选mSOD1基因阳性鼠作为实验观察对象；观察其行为学变化、绘制生长曲线；记录神经传导速度及肌电情况；苏木精-伊红染色法观察股二头肌标本病理学变化；尼氏染色法进行中枢神经系统的神经元计数。实验过程中对动物的处置符合动物伦理学标准。 结果：繁殖并扩增了肌萎缩侧索硬化症模型的种群；PCR法成功筛选出了mSOD1基因的阳性鼠，mSOD1阳性鼠在生长过程中逐渐出现四肢运动障碍，体质量急剧降低且很快死亡；发病鼠神经传导速度减慢、肌电显示出自发的纤颤电位；肌纤维发生萎缩；中枢神经系统的神经元丢失明显且有部分神经元发生空泡样变。 结论：mSOD1转基因阳性的肌萎缩侧索硬化症模型大鼠可表现出与人类疾病的相似症状，生物学各项指标变化明显，是理想的肌萎缩侧索硬化症研究模型。