Novel approach to an early assessment of a patient’s potential for neurological remission after acute spinal cord injury: Analysis of hemoglobin concentration dynamics

Context/objective: Examining hemoglobin (Hb) dynamics with regard to the potential of neurological remission in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI).Design: Prospective Clinical Observational Study.Setting: BG Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen, Department of Paraplegiology, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.Methods: From 2011 to 2017 a total of 80 patients with acute spinal injury were enrolled and divided into three groups: initial neurological impairment either with (G1; n = 33) or without subsequent neurological remission (G0; n = 35) and vertebral fractures without initial neurological impairment as control group (C; n = 12). Blood samples were taken for 3 months at 11 time-points after injury. Analyses were performed using routine diagnostics.Outcome measures: Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the prognostic value of Hb regarding neurological remission respecting clinical covariates.Results: Data showed elevated mean Hb concentrations in G1 from the third day to 1 month compared to G0, Hb levels were significantly higher in G1 after 3 days (P = 0.03, G1 > G0). The final multiple logistic regression model based on this data predicting the presence of neurological remission resulted in an AUC (area under the curve) of 80.5% (CI: 67.8%–93.2%) in the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis.Conclusion: Elevated Hb concentrations are associated with a higher likelihood of neurological remission. Elevated concentrations of Hb in G1 compared to G0 over time might be linked to both a better initial oxygen supply response and a decreased ECM (extracellular matrix) degradation highlighting the role of Hb as a valuable biomarker for neural regeneration after TSCI.     

Morphologic Analysis of the Carpal Tunnel and Median Nerve Following Open and Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release

Background: Endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) has purported advantages over open release such as reduced intraoperative dissection and trauma and more rapid recovery. Endoscopic carpal tunnel release has been shown to have comparable outcomes to open release, but open release is considered easier and safer to perform. Previous studies have demonstrated an increase in carpal tunnel volume, regardless of the technique used. However, the mechanism by which this volumetric increase occurs has been debated. Our study will determine through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis the morphologic changes that occur in both open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) and ECTR, thereby clarifying any morphologic differences that occur as a result of the 2 operative techniques. We hypothesize that there will be no morphologic differences between the 2 techniques. Methods: This was a prospective study to compare the postoperative anatomy of both techniques with MRI. Nineteen patients with clinical and nerve conduction study–confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome underwent either open or endoscopic release. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively in all patients to examine the volume of the carpal tunnel, transverse distance, anteroposterior (AP) distance, divergence of tendons, and Guyon’s canal transverse and AP distance. Results: There was no significant difference in the postoperative morphology of the carpal tunnel and median nerve between OCTR and ECTR at 6-month follow-up on MRI. Conclusion: We conclude that there are no morphologic differences in OCTR and ECTR. It is an increase in the AP dimension that appears to be responsible for the increase in the volume of the carpal tunnel.     

Universal HIV testing and treatment and HIV stigma reduction: a comparative thematic analysis of qualitative data from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in South Africa and Zambia

Despite continued development of effective HIV treatment, expanded access to care and advances in prevention modalities, HIV‐related stigma persists. We examine how, in the context of a universal HIV‐testing and treatment trial in South Africa and Zambia, increased availability of HIV services influenced conceptualisations of HIV. Using qualitative data, we explore people’s stigma‐related experiences of living in ‘intervention’ and ‘control’ study communities. We conducted exploratory data analysis from a qualitative cohort of 150 households in 13 study communities, collected between 2016 and 2018. We found that increased availability of HIV‐testing services influenced conceptualisations of HIV as normative (non‐exceptional) and the visibility of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in household and community spaces impacted opportunities for stigma. There was a shift in community narratives towards individual responsibility to take up (assumingly) widely available service – for PLHIV to take care of their own health and to prevent onward transmission. Based on empirical data, we show that, despite a growing acceptance of HIV‐related testing services, anticipated stigma persists through the mechanism of shifting responsibilisation. To mitigate the responsibilisation of PLHIV, heath implementers need to adapt anti‐stigma messaging and especially focus on anticipated stigma.     

陪检方式在胸痛患者诊疗过程中效果评价

目的 探究陪检在胸痛患者诊疗过程中的应用效果。方法 选择2019年江苏某三甲医院急诊科收治的110例胸痛患者为研究对象,依据是患者就诊时是否有专人陪检分为实验组与对照组,进行病例对照研究。实验组由医务人员陪检,完成各项辅助检查,对照组患者依据临床医师的指示自行完成各项检查,患者病情严重程度采用TIMI评分进行评价。统计分析两组患者的医疗安全不良事件发生率、患者对医疗服务满意度差异,评价陪检方式的应用效果。结果 110例研究对象,其中男性53例,女性57例,年龄范围49~80岁,平均年龄（62±6.10）岁。实验组（陪检组）56例,对照组（无陪检组）54例。两组人群平均年龄t=-0.323,P=0.747,性别统计学检验x2=1.295,P=0.255。患者病情严重程度评价TIMI评分两组统计学检验t=1.513,P=0.134。实验组不良事件发生数量5例次（8.92%）明显低于对照组16例次（29.6%）,统计学检验x2=7.62,P=0.006（P<0.05）;患者满意实验组94.64%,对照组81.48%,两组统计学检验x2=4.57,P=0.033(P<0.05)。结论 陪检在胸痛患者诊疗过程中具有较好的应用效果,值得推广运用。     

复方延胡索颗粒的制备、质控与初步戒毒作用的研究

目的：研究复方延胡索颗粒的制备、质量控制方法、观察该制剂对吗啡依赖鼠的治疗作用。方法：选用黄芪、延胡索、甘草、远志、酸枣仁、石菖蒲、芸香等七种中药组方制备复方延胡索颗粒,以有效部位部性物碱及有效成分四氢帕马丁的含量作为制备方法的筛选指标及复方延胡索颗粒制的质控指标。总生物碱的含量用非水电位滴定法测定,四氢帕马丁的含量以单波长反射锯齿式薄层扫描外标两点法测定,以该中药制剂治疗吗啡依赖性大鼠自然戒断模型体质量变化百分率作为初步戒毒作用的观察指标。结果：四氢帕马丁在1－6μg范围内线性关系良好（r=0.9992)其仪器精密度、同板精密度良好（RSD＜3．0％）,且在显色后0．5－6h内结果稳定,制剂的加样回收率约为975,复方延胡索颗粒中剂量组（0．6g/kg)和高剂量组（1．2g/kg)对吗啡依赖鼠的体质量下降可产生显治疗作用（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）。结论：本制剂一定剂量可有效控制吗啡身体依赖性大鼠戒断后的体质量下降,对吸毒可能有促进康复的作用。     

36例眼部枪弹伤临床分析

[背景 ]观察枪弹及弹壳伤对眼部损害程度及治疗手段 .[病例报告 ]本组 36例 40眼枪弹伤中(有 5例 5眼为弹壳伤 ) ,火枪、猎枪的铁砂弹及弹壳伤 2 1例 2 5眼 (6 0 % ) ,气枪子弹铅弹伤 10例 10眼(2 7% ) ,玩具枪塑料弹伤 5例 5眼 (13% ) .选择手术治疗 2 5例 2 9眼 (6 9% ) ,药物治疗 11例 11眼(31% ) .治疗结果视力提高 0 1以上为 10例 ,总有效率为 2 7% .[讨论 ]枪弹伤严重损害眼部 ,双眼致盲2例 4眼 ,单眼致盲 14例 14眼 (包括摘除眼球 4例 4眼 ) .     

大鼠肾上腺切除后垂体前叶GAP-43免疫阳性神经纤维的发芽过程

目的　阐明大鼠双侧肾上腺切除后垂体前叶生长相关蛋白 43(GAP- 43)免疫阳性神经纤维表达的量与术后时间点的关系 ,即轴突发芽的时间过程 .方法　免疫组织化学ABC法 .结果　大鼠双侧肾上腺切除术后第 4日垂体前叶GAP- 43阳性表达显著增多 ,第 2周有所下降 ,至第 4周基本降至正常水平 .结论　大鼠在双侧肾上腺切除后 ,垂体前叶出现肽能神经纤维发芽 ,并围绕在腺细胞周围 ,该发芽过程于术后 4～ 7d达到高峰 ,第 2周开始下降 ,第 4周基本结束     

颈动脉体化学感受性在pH降低时的传递机制

目的　探讨胆碱能机制在 p H降低时颈动脉体 (CB)功能活动变化中的作用 .方法　在离体灌流条件下 ,记录颈动脉窦神经 (CSN)传入纤维的化学感受性单位放电 .结果　乙酰胆碱 (ACh)抑制单位放电 (n=16 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ,阿托品阻断 ACh的作用 ;尼古丁呈剂量依赖性增加单位放电 (n=10 ,r= 0 .94,P<0 .0 1) ;箭毒可阻断尼古丁的作用 ,对自发放电无显著影响 ;尼古丁并不增加化学感受性单位对 p H降低的放电反应 (n=19) ;p H降低时筒箭毒对化学感受性单位放电变化无显著影响 (n=17) ;硝苯吡啶 (5 mmol· L- 1 )对自发的基础单位放电 (n=8)和刺激诱导的电活动 (n=9)均无明显影响 .结论　胆碱能机制与 p H降低时 CB化学感受性功能活动的改变无直接关系     

AhR基因缺陷与野生型小鼠下丘脑室旁核催产素能神经元的不同形态特征

目的　阐明下丘脑室旁核催产素能神经元与免疫功能之间的联系 .方法　用免疫组织化学方法 ,对具有免疫功能缺陷的芳香烃受体 (Ah R)基因缺陷小鼠下丘脑室旁核催产素能神经元的形态特征进行观察 .结果　 Ah R基因缺陷小鼠与野生型小鼠相比 ,催产素能神经元突起增多、增粗 ,许多粗大的纤维穿行至第三脑室室管膜下 .基因缺陷小鼠的下丘脑垂体束与野生型小鼠相比更加密集 ,纤维增粗 .结论　 Ah R基因缺陷小鼠下丘脑催产素能神经元发生了塑性变化 ,提示催产素能神经元在神经免疫调节中可能具有重要作用