Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: What we know and what we do not know

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is a malignant, clonal proliferation of cells growing within the basement membrane-bound structures of the prostate. IDC-P is usually associated with unfavorable clinicopathologic parameters such as large tumor volume, high-grade Gleason score, extra prostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion. Majority of laboratory and patient data suggest that IDC-P represents intraductal spread of invasive carcinoma, rather than a precursor lesion. Additionally, relationship of IDC-P and adjacent invasive carcinoma has been investigated in a series of molecular studies. The differential diagnosis of IDC-P from other lesions is critical for patient management. In this article, we summarize current literatures regarding what we know about IDC-P, including its pathological morphology, incidence, differential diagnosis, molecular features and clinical significance. In addition, we propose several issues that we currently do not know about IDC-P. Further research is needed to better understand the biological nature of IDC-P.     

浙江省宁波市手足口病经济负担调查研究

目的 评估宁波市手足口病经济负担。 方法 选取国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统中2011年宁波市报告的手足口病例,进行问卷调查和病历回顾,收集病例就医过程、相关费用和医疗保险等信息,估算手足口病例经济负担。 结果 共调查手足口病轻症病例106例,重症病例58例,死亡病例6例。2011年宁波市手足口病总体经济负担为3635.1万元,其中直接经济负担2181.2万元,间接经济损失1453.9万元。轻症、重症、死亡病例直接费用的中位数分别为1581、7419和21 533元,直接医疗费用的中位数分别为1431、6977和17 224元。参加至少一种医疗保险的病例占32.9%,医疗保险可为轻症、重症病例分别减轻38.2%和29.1%的直接医疗费用。 结论 手足口病给患者和社会均造成了较重的经济负担。提高医疗保险覆盖率、减少轻症病例住院比例将有助于减轻患者经济负担;控制和降低发病率,才能有效减轻手足口病对社会的经济负担。     

开放性骨折的创口闭合时机选择

目的 通过对开放性骨折清创后创口分泌物的微生物培养结果,选择创口的闭合时机.方法 对182例开放性骨折患者均进行急诊清创,清创后进行创口分泌物培养.如果培养结果阳性,则再次清创后进行分泌物培养,直到培养结果阴性后才闭合创口.结果 182例开放性骨折患者总的深部感染率为5.5％,其中GustiloⅡ型骨折深部感染率为3.3％,Ⅲ型骨折感染率为7.9％.结论 与文献报道比较,该治疗方案深部感染率较低.     

Chemotherapy in alveolar echinococcosis of multi-organs: what’s the role?

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficiency of chemotherapy for the treatment of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Twenty-four patients who suffered from late-stage AE were enrolled in this study. The classification of the disease stages was performed according to the PNM (parasite lesion, neighboring organ invasion, metastases) classification system established by the World Health Organization Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis and classification standards. Radical surgery (n?=?3), palliative surgery plus chemotherapy (n?=?11), and sole chemotherapy (n?=?10) were given, respectively. For those with AE metastasis with spleen and kidney, radical surgery was effective for the treatment. However, the treatment efficiency for those with AE metastasis to bone tissues was unfavorable. Significant improvement was noted in those with cerebral lesions after chemotherapy. Stable health conditions were observed in those with pulmonary lesions after chemotherapy. For those with liver lesion, long stable health conditions were noted after chemotherapy. However, surgical interventions were needed as the occurrence of bile duct complications. With regards to the other lesions, radical surgeries were recommended. Satisfactory treatment outcomes were obtained in those with AE after chemotherapy.     

前列腺癌及直肠癌对盆腔筋膜侵犯的MRI表现

目的 探讨前列腺癌及直肠癌对盆腔主要筋膜侵犯的MRI表现特点.资料与方法 回顾性分析5例前列腺肿瘤侵犯尿生殖膈及Denonvilliers筋膜患者、4例直肠肿瘤侵犯直肠系膜或直肠系膜筋膜患者的MRI表现特点.结果 肿瘤对筋膜侵犯的MRI表现可分为直接征象和间接征象,直接征象为筋膜连续性中断,局限结节样侵犯；间接征象为脂肪间隙消失,周围淋巴结肿大.结论 MRI可以清晰地显示盆腔筋膜受累情况,对确定肿瘤分期有意义.     

Geometric transformation of images and LiDAR point clouds under quadratic constraint

The combination of point and linear features can strengthen the robustness and accuracy of the registration of image and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds. The key point of registration is the establishment of a geometric transformation model. This paper proposes a quadratic-constraint-based geometric transformation (QCGT) line model, in which combines point and linear features, and simultaneously takes the orientation and position of the line into account. The coordinates of points and lines uniformly described by line model in the same mathematical framework are used to construct a coplanarity equation. The data set of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) test project is used, and the robustness and efficiency of QCGT is verified by progressive experiments. The experimental results have shown that QCGT is feasible and can achieve more reliable results than the traditional method. The geometric constraints of the line model are enhanced due to the quadratic constraint, solving the problems of the different mathematical representation of geometric features and reducing the complexity of transformation.