5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B in bronchial secretions

The penetration into and clearance from bronchial secretions of 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B were studied in a dog model. After a single intravenous dose of 35 mg/kg, 5-fluorocytosine intrabronchial concentrations were greater than the minimal inhibitory concentration for 80 to 90% of Candida species. These inhibitory concentrations persisted up to 3 h. In contrast, amphotericin B in intravenous doses of 0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg penetrated the blood-bronchus barrier poorly.     

The electrical and biological properties of tungsten microelectrodes

Electrical measurements have been made on varnish insulated tungsten microelectrodes in an attempt to obtain a guide to their suitability for recording from nerve cells in the central nervous system. The variability of the behaviour of the metal-electrolyte interface rules out most tests. The series resistance offered by the electrolyte can be reliably estimated and, since it depends only upon the apparent size and shape of the free tip and upon the electrolyte resistivity, may be taken as an overall assessment of tip geometry. A correlation is demonstrated between the value of the series electrolyte resistance and the performance in detecting activity in the cerebral cortex.     

Immunohistochemical evidence for flupirtine acting as an antagonist on theN-methyl-d-aspartate and homocysteic acid-induced release of GABA in the rabbit retina

When rabbit retinas are exposed in vitro to specific excitatory amino acid receptor agonists certain GABAergic amacrine cells are activated to cause a release of GABA. The GABA that is not released can be detected by immunohistochemistry. Exposure of tissues to kainate or NMDA each caused a characteristic change in the GABA immunoreactivity. CNQX antagonised the kainate effect specifically while MK-801 counteracted the influence of NMDA The effect produced by kainate was mimicked by domoic acid while the influence of homocysteic acid was identical with NMDA. Flupirtine alone did not influence the nature of the GABA immunoreactivity and so did not act as a kainate or NMDA agonist. However, flupirtine counteracted the influence produced by NMDA and homocysteic acid but had no effect on the kainate and domoic acid responses. Thus in this system flupirtine acts as an NMDA antagonist.     

Reconstruction of severe anterior maxillary defects using distraction osteogenesis, bone grafts, and implants.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to describe the method for reconstructing patients with severe anterior maxillary defects, using a combination of distraction osteogenesis, onlay bone grafts, and implants to support either fixed or fixed/removable prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surgical technique involves placement of an extraosseous distraction device followed by greater than 10 mm of distraction of the alveolus. A corticocancellous graft is harvested from the hip to establish sufficient horizontal bone for implant placement. Implants are placed after graft consolidation followed by fabrication of a fixed or fixed/removable prosthesis depending on the needs of the individual patient. RESULTS: Five patients have been prospectively followed using this technique, with completion of their prosthetic reconstruction, with follow-up ranging from 1 to 4 years. CONCLUSION: The combination of distraction, onlay bone grafting, and implant placement has been able to reconstruct patients with severe maxillary defects.     

苦瓜核糖体失活蛋白诱导HL-60细胞发生凋亡及其分子机制的研究

目的　探讨苦瓜核糖体失活蛋白 (Ribosomalinactivatingprotein ,RIP)诱导HL 60细胞凋亡的活性 ,以及对HL 60细胞Bcl 2、Bax、caspase 3表达变化的影响及其分子机制。方法　以一定浓度苦瓜RIP处理HL 60细胞 2 4～ 72h ,用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡。运用RT PCR和Westernblot免疫印记法检测Bcl 2、Bax、caspase 3mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。结果　苦瓜RIP在一定作用浓度下可使HL 60细胞发生凋亡 ,且随着作用时间的延长凋亡细胞比例逐渐升高。在此过程中 ,HL 60细胞的caspase 3mRNA的表达及其胞内活性亚单位水平显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Bcl 2mRNA表达变化虽不显著 ,但其蛋白水平明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与此同时 ,BaxmRNA和蛋白表达均有所上调。结论　在苦瓜RIP诱导的HL 60细胞凋亡中 ,caspase 3发挥了极为重要的作用 ,而Bcl 2和Bax可能通过其表达量的变化、转录后调节等方式对细胞凋亡发挥重要的调控功能     

Proton NMR characteristics of a biological system useful for developing in vivo spectroscopy and imaging techniques for tumors

A model system for in vivo proton NMR studies consisting of a transplantable tumor growing on a rat's tail was investigated at 90 MHz using a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. Spectra were obtained, relaxation times were measured, and the spatial distributions of proton signal intensities were estimated. We conclude that the model could be used for developing both spectroscopy and imaging approaches.     

158. Nekrotisierende Pankreatitis: Peritoneal-Lavage oder Bursa-Lavage?

Zusammenfassung Bei 111 Patienten mit nekrotisierender Pankreatitis kamen zwischen 1974 und 1984 zwei verschiedene Therapieverfahren prospektiv zur Anwendung. Im Anschluß an eine Nekrotektomie wurden in Gruppe 1 mit 64 Patienten eine kontinuierliche Peritoneal-Lavage und in Gruppe II mit 47 Patienten eine Lavage der Bursa omentalis durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurde bei 32 Patienten der Gruppe II mit extrapankreatischen Nekrosen und diffuser Peritonitis eine Peritoneal-Lavage vorgenommen. Die kontinuierliche postoperative Bursa-Lavage bei bestimmter Indikation in Kombination mit Peritoneal-Lavage ist der alleinigen Peritoneal-Lavage signifikant überlegen.