Treatment of general paralysis by radiothermy

Summary The clinical and laboratory results of 68 patients with general paralysis treated by radiothermy are compared with a similar number of patients with general paralysis treated by malaria. The two groups were as similarly constituted as could reasonably be expected.Improvement from the clinical standpoint was found to be about the same in each series of 68 patients. It was in the neighborhood of 53 per cent for each group. The clinical remission, percentage was 17.6 in the group treated by radiothermy as compared with 19.1 in the malarial-treated group. The relatively large proportion of women in these related groups seems to account for the comparatively low remission rates.The results from the laboratory standpoint are quite evidently inferior to those commonly observed in malarial-treated patients.From the Clinical Department of the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Hospital, New York, N. Y.     

苦楝化学成份的研究

从苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)果中分得苦楝新醇(Ⅰ),苦楝醇(Ⅱ)、苦楝酮(Ⅲ)、苦楝二醇(Ⅳ)、香草醛(Ⅴ)和香草酸(Ⅵ)。根据波谱(IR,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR)分析和理化常数测定,确定了它们的结构。其中苦楝新醇(Ⅰ)为新化合物,对菜青小虫有一定的拒食活性。     

Internet网上细胞凋亡研究的信息资源及其利用

0　引言　 Internet网上含有丰富的信息资源 ,科研人员可以通过 Internet网了解其所研究领域的最新发展动态 ,获取全面和系统的科研信息 ,有利于进行学术交流[1 ] .然而网上信息浩如烟海 ,当检索某一专门领域的资料时 ,有时无从下手 .我们在科研实践中对 Internet网上主要的细胞凋亡研究信息资源及其查找方法进行了归纳 .1　细胞凋亡专业网站1. 1　 The Cell death society (http:/ / www.celldeath-apoptosis.org)　为美国细胞死亡学会主办 ,概括了细胞凋亡和程序性细胞死亡研究的各个领域 ,包括与细胞凋亡有关的各种疾病 .可以免费注册…     

Immunomodulatory characteristics of a novel antiproliferative protein, suppressin

We investigated the immunoregulatory properties of a recently described inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation, suppressin (SPN). It was determined that preincubation of murine leukocytes with SPN enhances natural killer cell (NK) activity. In addition, SPN potentiates interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) augmentation of NK activity. Furthermore, preincubation of murine leukocytes with SPN induces the production of IFN-alpha/beta. The IFN-alpha/beta produced is active in NK assays as well as vesicular stomatitis virus neutralization assays. In vivo, SPN increases the time of survival of C57BL/6 mice injected with EL-4 lymphoma cells. Interestingly, SPN inhibits immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) production in response to the mitogen, concanavalin A in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, the above data indicate SPN may have numerous applications in clinical science including tumor surveillance and autoimmune diseases such as arthritis.     

非溶蚀型药物体系的释放动力学新模型──Fick第一扩散定律的修正及其应用

基于以下两点事实:Fick第一扩散定律中的扩散系数并非严格的常数,它随浓度变化;Fick第一扩散定律只适用于浓度梯度恒定的稳定扩散,而许多实验表明浓度梯度也是一个时间函数,本文对Fick第一扩散定律作出两点修正将原定律中浓度梯度和扩散系数分别修正为时间函数和浓度函数,从而导出关于非溶蚀型药物体系的释放动力学模型。该模型较其他常用释放模型有更好的拟合效果,其参数也有较为明确的物理意义。     

Functional assessment and partial characterization of [H](+)-pentazocine binding sites on cells of the immune system

The existence of sigma receptors on lymphocytes and thymocytes was characterized using [³H](+)-pentazocine. [³H](+)-Pentazocine specifically labels high affinity sigma-type binding sites on T- and B-enriched lymphocyte membranes. The binding is saturable with T lymphocyte sites having a K_D value of 401 ± 85 nM and B lymphocyte sites having a K_D value of 302 ± 46 nM. Likewise, saturable high (K_D1 277 ± 92 nM) and low (K_D2 2.5 ± 1.2 μM) affinity sites for [³H](+)-pentazocine are found on thymocytes as well. In competition studies with lymphocytes, the rank order of potency for competing ligands is (+)-pentazocine = N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(1-pyrolidinyl)ethylamine (BD1008) > 1R,2S-(+)-cis-N-(2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexylamine (LR132 ≥ (−)-pentazocine ≥ phenazocine > (±)-trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolinyl)cyclohexyl]benzeneacetamide methanesulphonate (if(U-50,488H) = phencylidine ≥ haloperidol = 1,3-di-(o)-tolylguanidine. In competition studies with thymocytes, the rank order of potency for competing ligands is (+)-pentazocine = BD1008 ≥ phenazocine > haloperidol > 1,3-di-(o)-tolylguanidine > phencyclidine > (−)-pentazocine. These compounds were also investigated as potential regulatory molecules in mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation assays. Of the compounds tested, phencyclidine, 1,3-di-(o)-tolylguanidine, haloperidol, and (+)-pentazocine suppress concanavalin A-induced proliferation at high (10⁻⁵ M) concentrations while (−)-pentazocine is inactive. When pokeweed mitogen or lipopolysaccharide are used, these compounds enhance or suppress lymphocyte proliferation depending on the mitogen and concentration of ligand. These results indicate a stereoselective receptor for (+)-pentazocine which is coupled to biological processes of lymphocytes.     

The kinetics of ACTH expression in rat leukocyte subpopulations

The pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene encodes a family of peptides originally identified in the pituitary gland. An important POMC-derived peptide hormone, corticotropin (ACTH), is also produced by leukocytes and modulates in vitro immune functions. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the kinetics and cellular distribution of ACTH immunoreactivity (ACTH-ir) in vitro in rat splenic leukocyte subpopulations. Cells were cultured with Concanavalin A (ConA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or media alone. ACTH-ir was identified with a specific antiserum raised against ACTH 1–24. Double indirect-immunofluorescence was done at 0, 21, and 48 h for B, T-helper (Th), and T-cytotoxic (CTL) cells. Initial kinetic studies demonstrated peak ACTH-ir in all cell types at 18–21 h for both ConA and LPS treatments. A few leukocytes (1–2%) expressed ACTH-ir at 0 h and these were found to be macrophages (MØ). Lymphocyte ACTH-ir is 0% at 0 h and rises to 90 ± 5% and 75 ± 6% at 21 h with ConA and LPS, respectively. This sharply contrasts with 9 ± 4% of each cell type positive in media alone at 21 h. The percent immunoreactivity among the three lymphocyte subpopulations did not significantly differ at any single treatment at a single time point. However, there were significant differences in the intensity levels among the subpopulations. At 48 h of ConA or LPS treatment only 10 ± 4% of B, Th and Tc were positive, while none were positive in media alone. Stimulated peritoneal MØ also increase positivity for ACTH-ir (85 ± 5%). These results indicate that rat splenic B, CTL, and Th lymphocytes can be immunologically stimulated to express the peptide hormone ACTH and that basal ACTH expression in macrophages is distinct from that in lymphocytes. Thus, lymphocyte-derived ACTH may be a paracrine or autocrine regulator of immune function.