Which Vitamin D Oral Supplement is Best for Postmenopausal Women?

Next to a healthy calcium and protein rich diet and exercise, vitamin D supplementation is a key pillar of osteoporosis prevention among postmenopausal women. This article reviews the recent recommendations on vitamin D by the IOF (2010), the Institute of Medicine (2010), and the US Endocrine Society (2011), including the evidence to support these recommendations for fracture and fall prevention. The recent recommendations agree that supplementation should be performed with vitamin D3 or vitamin D2, and that a minimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D threshold of 50?nmol/l (20 ng/ml)should be achieved to overcome vitamin D deficiency. In contrast to the Institute of Medicine, the IOF and the US Endocrine Society recommend vitamin D also for the prevention of falls, and state that for fracture prevention a higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D threshold of 75?nmol/l (30?ng/ml) should be targeted.     

Erythroid marrow function in anemic patients

Erythropoietic activity is known to be closely associated with marrow iron uptake. A modification of the standard measure of plasma iron turnover has been developed in which erythron transferrin uptake (ETU) rather than iron uptake has been calculated. The ETU has the advantage of providing a parameter of erythroid marrow activity independent of change produced by plasma iron and transferrin saturation. Measurements in 80 patients with anemia were compared to the normal value of 60 +/- 12 mumol/L whole blood/d. The mean ETU for ten patients with severe aplastic anemia and for six patients with pure red-cell aplasia were 12 +/- 8 and 12 +/- 11 mumol/L whole blood/d, respectively. In ten transfusion-dependent patients with renal failure under dialysis therapy, the mean value was 35 +/- 11, while ten other dialyzed patients who were transfusion independent had a mean ETU of 73 +/- 21 mumol/L whole blood/d. Sixteen patients with hemolytic anemia had an average ETU of 400 +/- 130, while 28 patients with ineffective erythropoiesis had a mean value of 474 +/- 147 mumol/L whole blood/d. While patients with hypoproliferative anemia showed no relation between the severity of anemia and ETU, those with hyperproliferative erythroid marrow showed increasing values as the anemia became more severe. Sequential measurements in patients with aplastic anemia under treatment and in thalassemic patients under transfusion therapy showed the value of this measurement in monitoring the effects of treatment on erythroid marrow activity. It is concluded that the measurement of ETU provides a more direct ferrokinetic evaluation of erythroid activity in anemic states.     

Identification of T lymphocytes in human mixed hemopoietic colonies

The addition of a T-cell growth-promoting medium (PHA-TCM) to culture conditions that support growth of multi-lineage hemopoietic colonies enhances the proliferation of cells with lymphoid morphology within these colonies. These cells were identified as T lymphocytes by their ability to form rosettes with SRBC and their reaction with monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4) directed against T-cell-specific surface components. They continue to proliferate extensively under the influence of PHA-TCM after transfer of mixed colonies into liquid suspension culture. Supportive evidence for a common progenitor of myeloid and lymphoid cells within single mixed colonies is provided by Y-chromatin body analysis of E-rosette positive and negative cells in colonies grown in cocultures of male and female bone marrow cells.     

"Early-peak" carbon monoxide production in certain erythropoietic disorders

The "early-labeled" peak (ELP) of 14CO excretion following injection of glycine-2-14C was used to study erythropoiesis in a patient with sideroblastic anemia and in four subjects with myeloproliferative disorders. The ELP was greatly enlarged in all patients, as compared with a normal volunteer. The contour of the peaks from the hematologically abnormal subjects suggested the presence of increased erythroid heme degradation. In the patient with sideroblastic anemia, all hours of the early peak were significantly reduced after transfusion. This was interpreted to mean that even the earliest or "nonerythroid" phase of the peak is influenced by erythropoietic activity, at least under conditions of erythropoietic stress.     

瑞香素杀疟原虫裂殖体的作用

[目的 ]研究中药瑞香素在体外和体内的杀裂殖体作用。 [方法 ]在恶性疟原虫FCCl株常规体外培养中测试瑞香素杀裂殖体活性 ,并按“四天抑制性试验”在感染伯氏疟原虫ANKA株的小鼠中测定不同剂量瑞香素的体内抗疟活性。 [结果 ]体外试验中瑞香素在 1～ 10 μmol L剂量范围内有明显杀灭裂殖体作用 ,而体内试验中按D4减虫率与感染鼠在 30d内的平均生存天数评价 ,5 0或 10 0mg kg .d- 1 × 4d瑞香素灌胃以及 10 ,5 0或 10 0mg kg.d- 1 × 4d瑞香素腹腔注射给药在伯氏鼠疟原虫ANKA株感染鼠中的抗疟作用与 10mg kg .d- 1 × 4d氯喹 (CQ)灌胃的疗效相似。 [结论 ]瑞香素在体外和体内均有一定的杀裂殖体作用。     

本经取穴调控无先兆偏头痛患者基因表达谱的研究

【目的】研究针刺少阳经穴与针刺非经非穴治疗无先兆偏头痛患者前后的基因表达谱。【方法】采用基因芯片技术,分析比较采用经穴（经穴组）和非经非穴（非经非穴组）治疗无先兆偏头痛患者（各10例）后基因表达谱的差异;选取部分基因进行Real-time聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）,验证基因芯片结果的准确性。【结果】经穴组治疗前后筛选出72个差异基因;非经非穴组治疗前后筛选出110个差异基因。经穴组差异基因涉及的功能包括脑内啡肽酶、 ATP合酶等,与治疗该病的关联性大。但非经非穴组涉及的基因功能广泛且分散,与治疗该病关联性较小,如细胞凋亡、 DNA修复等。 RT－PCR检测了经穴组的ATPAF2、 PTGS2、 TOR3A基因,非经非穴组的ACP2、 AURKA、 ARHGEF11、 CASP8基因,验证了基因芯片数据的可靠性。【结论】本经取穴治疗无先兆偏头痛的经穴效应在分子水平是多基因作用的综合结果,而非经非穴产生的安慰效应并未找到与之对应的与治疗无先兆偏头痛相关的靶基因,进一步证明了经穴效应的存在。     

经胸与经食管超声心动图在先天性心脏病介入治疗中的应用

导管室介入封堵及外科小切口介入封堵都已经被广泛地应用于临床,封堵成功的关键在于经胸与经食管超声心动图在术前对病例精确的筛选、术中监测及术后即刻评价。文章结合目前国内外文献及临床病例,对经胸与经食管超声心动图在房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭3种常见先天性心脏病介入治疗中的应用进行综述,为临床提供更加准确的超声影像学诊断依据。     

肠球菌医院感染特征及新型抗菌药物耐药性研究

目的探讨肠球菌属细菌分布及耐药性特征,为指导临床合理用药及控制医院感染提供依据。方法对该院2011年1月至2013年12月年临床送检标本进行细菌分离培养、鉴定和药敏试验。结果共检出肠球菌属细菌140株,屎肠球菌71株(50.7%),粪肠球菌60株(42.9%),其他肠球菌9株(6.4%),其中尿液99株(70.7%);粪肠球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、红霉素的耐药率为15.0%、12.5%和75.0%,屎肠球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、红霉素耐药率大于80.0%,粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对万古霉素(5.0%、4.2%)、利奈唑胺(8.4%、1.4%)极度敏感,喹奴普丁/达福普丁对粪肠球菌耐药率(100.0%)高于屎肠球菌(26.7%),达托霉素无耐药菌株。结论肠球菌属以泌尿系统感染为主,屎肠球菌检出率略大于粪肠球菌,屎肠球菌对大多数抗菌药物耐药率高于粪肠球菌,喹奴普丁/达福普丁仅对屎肠球菌有较高敏感性,万古霉素、利奈唑胺、达托霉素对肠球菌属细菌保持极高敏感性。