国内高压氧联合药物治疗突发性耳聋临床疗效的Meta分析

目的评价近几年来国内高压氧联合药物综合疗法治疗突发性耳聋的临床疗效。方法检索2008²012年近五年来中国学术期刊、中国数字图书馆、维普信息资源系统、超星数字图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库中关于高压氧联合药物综合治疗突发性耳聋的随机对照研究,对符合纳入标准的文献进行方法学的评价,并用RevMan5.1软件对符合质量标准的随机对照研究进行Meta分析。结果纳入了20个随机对照研究,患者总数为2554例,其中有1347例接受高压氧联合药物治疗,即治疗组,另外1207例接受药物单纯疗法,即对照组。通过Meta分析表明治疗组比对照组的临床疗效显著(P<0.00001),而且早期使用高压氧治疗比晚期使用的临床疗效显著(P<0.00001)。结论在突发性耳聋的治疗过程中,应用高压氧联合药物综合疗法比药物单纯疗法的效果要显著,而且引入高压氧治疗的时间越早效果越好。     

Systemic chemotherapy in patients with indwelling ureteral stenting

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether systemic chemotherapy increased episodes of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in patients with an indwelling double-J stent due to non-urological malignant ureteral obstruction. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on a total of 74 patients (16 men and 58 women; median age, 53.0; range, 34-84 years) with non-urological malignant ureteral obstruction, who were managed by double-J stenting between October 1997 and December 2001. The patients were divided into those who received (33 patients, group I) and those who did not receive systemic chemotherapy (41 patients, group II) during the stent indwelling period (median, 7.0; range, 1-44 month). Routine antibiotic prophylaxis was not administered to any patient. Median follow-up was 10.5 (range, 1-45) months. Clinical features, including the incidence of febrility and APN, were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Of the 74 patients, 18 patients (24.3%) experienced acute febrile episodes during ureteral stenting, but only five (6.8%) patients were diagnosed as having APN. No significant difference in the incidence of fever or APN was found between the two groups (P = 1.000 and P = 0.651, respectively). Univariate logistic analysis indicated that only the duration of follow-up was a risk factor for an episode of fever. Other parameters had no clinical significance. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that systemic chemotherapy may not predispose the risk of acute pyelonephritis in patients with an indwelling ureteral stent due to non-urological malignant ureteral obstruction.     

Chemical Approaches to Improve the Oral Bioavailability of Peptidergic Molecules

This review discusses both tools and strategies that may be employed as approaches towards the pursuit of orally active compounds from peptidergic molecules. Besides providing a review of these subjects, this paper provides an example of how these were utilized in a research programme at SmithKline Beecham involving the development of orally active GPIIb/IIIa antagonists. The tools for studying oral drug absorption in-vitro include variants of the Ussing chamber which utilize either intestinal tissues or cultured epithelial cells that permit the measurement of intestinal permeability. Example absorption studies that are described are mannitol, cephalexin, the growth hormone-releasing peptide SK&F 110679 and two GPIIb/ IIIa antagonist peptides SK&F 106760 and SK&F 107260. With the exception of cephalexin, these compounds cross the intestine by passive paracellular diffusion. Cephalexin, on the other hand, crosses the intestine via the oligopeptide transporter. Structure-transport studies are reviewed for this transporter. The tools for studying oral drug absorption in-vivo involve animals bearing in-dwelling intestinal or portal vein catheters. A study of the segmental absorption of SK&F 106760 is provided. The review concludes with two chemical strategies that may be taken towards the enhancement of oral bioavailability of peptidergic molecules. The first strategy involves the chemical modification of peptides which enhance intestinal permeability, specifically the modification of amide bonds. The second strategy involves the design of compounds bearing nonpeptide templates, which are more amenable to the discovery of compounds with oral activity, from peptide pharmacophore models. An example is given regarding the discovery of SB 208651, a potent orally active GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, designed from the peptides SK&F 106760 and SK&F 107260.     

凝血质的生物检定

凝血貭(thromboplastinum)为自新鮮酵母、牛脑或其他动植物組織中提出的一种磷脂类化合物,已收載于1959年版中国药学会上海分会編的《药品規范》中。其制剂的合理使用在于使出血局部施药时能发揮加速血凝作用,要求效果愈高愈好,因而关于它的生物检定是属于限度試驗性貭。用去鈣血浆測凝法的試驗,是比較簡便的方法。上海市1956年版《药品規范》卽采用此法,但几年来国內各地試驗結果,表明存在很多問題,实驗結果的差异很大。1951年《美国新药和非法定药集》規定用本法时在对照管20-30分钟不     

华蟾素胶囊联合化疗治疗晚期卵巢癌临床研究

目的：观察华蟾素胶囊联合多西他赛注射液、卡铂注射液治疗晚期卵巢癌的临床疗效及对细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：按随机数字表法将106例晚期卵巢癌分为对照组与治疗组各53例。对照组采取多西他赛注射液、卡铂注射液治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合华蟾素胶囊治疗。比较2组治疗前后细胞免疫指标(T淋巴细胞亚群CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺)、卵巢癌特异性量表第4版(FACT-OV4)评分变化,分析临床疗效和不良反应发生率。结果：治疗组总有效率为98.11%,对照组为84.91%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),CD8⁺水平较治疗前降低(P<0.05);且治疗组CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平高于对照组(P<0.05),CD8⁺...     

智力和发展性残疾儿童青少年身体活动效益：基于ICF的系统综述

目的 基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)构建智力和发展性残疾儿童青少年身体活动效益系统综述的范畴和PICO架构,探讨智力和发展性残疾儿童和青少年参加身体活动的健康效益。