醋酸丙氨瑞林对人子宫内膜癌裸鼠移植瘤的作用以及端粒保护蛋白1表达的影响

目的探讨醋酸丙氨瑞林对人子宫内膜腺癌HEC-1-B细胞的抑制作用及其分子机制。方法体外培养人子宫内膜癌HEC-1-B细胞。建立子宫内膜癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型。将32只荷瘤裸鼠随机分成4组,醋酸丙氨瑞林(20μg/kg,40μg/kg,80μg/kg)为实验组,生理盐水为对照组,每组8只,造模2 d后开始用醋酸丙氨瑞林干预,0.15 ml皮下注射,每天1次,持续4周。治疗期间每3 d测量移植瘤大小一次,并观察裸鼠全身状况,实验结束将移植瘤完整取出,称取瘤重,测量移植瘤体积,计算抑瘤率,并用免疫组化法检测移植瘤组织中POT1的表达。结果当醋酸丙氨瑞林浓度为20μg/kg时,HEC-1-B细胞生长即受到抑制,抑制率为(21.38±0.18)%,随着浓度的增大,抑制率渐高,浓度为80μg/kg时抑制率上升至(47.03±0.26)%,与对照组比较抑制率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。20~80μg/kg的醋酸丙氨瑞林作用4周后,POT1表达均有不同程度的上升,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论醋酸丙氨瑞林对HEC-1-B细胞有直接的抑制作用,且在一定范围内呈剂量依赖关系。其机制丙氨瑞林可能是通过上调肿瘤细胞中POT1的表达,抑制端粒酶的活性,缩短端粒的长度,使肿瘤细胞的活力受到损伤,从而实现抑瘤目的。     

单独鼻腔手术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征疗效的Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析的方法,来探讨单独鼻腔手术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效。方法:依照既定的纳入和排除标准,通过计算机对Pubmed数据库、中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(CBMdisc)、中国知网全文数据库(CNKI)等中英文数据库的相关文献进行检索,并结合文献追溯、网上查询(www.metstr.com,www.cnki.net)的方法获取全文。结果:纳入文献19篇,其中中文4篇,英文15篇,涉及621例患者,Meta分析结果显示:1单独鼻腔手术前后加权平均AHI变化差异无统计学意义[WMD=0.11,95%CI-0.02~0.23,P>0.05];213篇文献进行了Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)分析,研究显示术后患者ESS得分明显降低[WMD=0.94,95%CI 0.62~1.26,P<0.01]。结论:单独鼻腔手术可明显改善OSAHS患者的主观临床症状,但治疗OSAHS疗效有限。     

WT-2009方案治疗儿童肾母细胞瘤疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨WT-2009方案治疗儿童肾母细胞瘤的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年7月至2013年12月确诊的34例肾母细胞瘤患儿的临床资料,其中2例确诊后死亡,6例放弃治疗,余26例按照儿童肾母细胞瘤化疗方案(WT-2009)进行治疗。采用Kaplan-Meier方法分析患儿预期2年累积总生存率及2年无事件生存率。结果病理分型以预后良好型(包括上皮细胞型、胚芽型和混合型)为主(88%,30/34);首发症状以腹部包块为主(56%,19/34)。26例经WT-2009方案进行治疗的患儿中,CR 24例(92%),PR 1例(4%),PD 1例(4%);治疗过程中仅1例发生严重肺部感染。预期2年累积生存率为100%,2年无事件生存率为89.7%。结论肾母细胞瘤病理类型以预后良好型多见,化疗反应敏感;患儿对WT-2009方案化疗耐受性好,无化疗相关死亡,安全性高。     

The Effect of Glycated Hemoglobin and Albumin-Corrected Glycated Serum Protein on Mortality in Diabetic Patients Receiving Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis

♦ Objective:

To explore the effect of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and albumin-corrected glycated serum proteins (Alb-GSP) on the mortality of diabetic patients receiving continuous peritoneal dialysis (PD).

♦ Methods:

In this single-center retrospective cohort study, incident diabetic PD patients from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2010, were recruited, and followed up until December 31, 2011. The effect of HbA1c and Alb-GSP on mortality was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards models.

♦ Results:

A total of 200 patients (60% male, mean age 60.3 ± 10.6 years) with a mean follow-up of 29.0 months (range: 4.3 – 71.5 months) were recruited. Sixty-four patients died during the follow-up period, of whom 21 died of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mean values for HbA1c, GSP and Alb-GSP were 6.7% (range: 4.1 – 12.5%), 202 μmol/L (range: 69 – 459 μmol/L), and 5.78 μmol/g (range: 2.16 – 14.98 μmol/g), respectively. The concentrations of GSP and Alb-GSP were closely correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.41, p < 0.001 and r = 0.45, p < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, patients with HbA1c ≥ 8% were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06 – 4.96, p = 0.04), but no increased mortality in patients with 6.0% ≤ HbA1c ≤ 7.9%. Patients with Alb-GSP ≤ 4.50 μmol/g had increased all-cause and non-cardiovascular mortality (HR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.13 – 5.19, p = 0.02; and HR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.05 – 8.48, p = 0.04 respectively).

♦ Conclusions:

Increased HbA1c and decreased Alb-GSP may be associated with poorer survival in diabetic PD patients, with a non-significant trend observed for poorer survival with the highest level of Alb-GSP.     

低电压自动管电流调节技术在上腹部增强CT扫描中的应用

目的 探讨低电压自动管电流调节(ATCM)技术在上腹部增强CT扫描中的价值。方法 将腹围<90 cm的100例患者随机分为2组,观察组(n=50):管电压100 kV,ATCM,动、静脉期参考管电流250、230 mAs。对照组:管电压120 kV,ATCM,动、静脉期参考管电流为210、190 mAs。测量并对比两组图像噪声、肝脏和胰腺SNR、肝脏-竖脊肌和胰腺-竖脊肌CNR、腹主动脉CT值、腹主动脉SNR、腹主动脉-竖脊肌CNR、静脉期容积CT剂量指数(CTDlvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)及有效剂量(ED)。结果 两组图像噪声、肝脏SNR、胰腺SNR、腹主动脉CT值、CTDIvol、DLP、ED比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);腹主动脉SNR、腹主动脉-竖脊肌CNR、肝脏-竖脊肌CNR、胰腺-竖脊肌CNR、腹腔干三维分支评分及血管清晰度评分、轴位图像主观评价比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 低管电压、ATCM上腹部增强CT扫描可降低辐射剂量,提高动脉血管显影程度,可满足诊断要求。     

急性肺动脉栓塞的治疗策略(附48例报道)

目的探讨急性肺动脉栓塞的治疗策略。方法回顾性分析川北医学院附属医院血管外科2009年1月至2014年5月期间收治的48例肺动脉栓塞患者的临床资料,分析其临床疗效及并发症发生情况。结果 48例患者中,14例低危患者行抗凝治疗,24例中危患者行抗凝和系统溶栓或介入治疗(导管捣碎局部溶栓或置管溶栓),10例高危患者行抗凝治疗和介入治疗。低危组14例患者中,治愈12例(85.7%),显效2例(14.3%),总有效率为100%;中危组24例患者中,治愈16例(66.7%),显效8例(33.3%),总有效率为100%;高危组10例患者中,治愈3例,显效2例,好转4例,死亡1例,总有效比例为9/10。治疗期间所有病例均无消化道出血、脑出血等并发症发生。本组48例患者均获访,随访时间为3~12个月,中位数为8个月。随访期间患者均无呼吸困难等症状发生,无一例再发肺动脉栓塞,无滤器移位、血栓形成等并发症发生。结论对诊断明确的急性肺动脉栓塞患者首先进行危险分层,再采取相应的治疗策略,则效果较好。     

Lateral epicondylar osteotomy for severe varus deformity during total knee arthroplasty

In most cases of arthritic varus knees, stepwise osteophytes removal and medial soft tissue release could achieve satisfactory soft tissue balance during total knee arthroplasty. However, in some severe cases, conventional balancing techniques are not enough, necessitating other procedures like epicondylar osteotomy. To the best of our knowledge, no published article has reported the application of lateral epicondylar osteotomy in a severe varus knee. Here we reported a case of successful correction of a severe varus knee following lateral epicondylar osteotomy, and described its underlying rationale.     

患椎间短椎弓根螺钉在单节段腰骶椎结核稳定性重建中的临床研究

目的证明后路患椎间短椎弓根螺钉固定治疗单节段腰骶椎结核的可行性,并探讨其适应证及疗效。方法 204例诊断明确、脊柱后凸畸形35°,符合纳入标准的单节段腰、骶椎结核患者,随机分为2组,均先进行后路矫形、内固定手术,同期或二期进行前路彻底病灶清除、椎体间自体髂骨支撑植骨融合术。其中短钉组104例,选用长20~35 mm的短椎弓根钉置于患椎椎弓根。如1个患椎剩余骨质1/3,而另1个患椎剩余骨质1/3,则行短钉、常规螺钉固定。长钉组:常规椎弓根螺钉置于患椎相邻的正常椎骨中,固定范围跨越患椎上、下各1个正常间隙。所有患者均采用四联化疗方案。结果 2组患者平均随访62.1个月。术后均无严重并发症发生,末次随访时,所有患者均治愈,无内固定松动及断裂现象。植骨平均愈合时间,短钉组4.3个月,长钉组4.6个月,Cobb角矫正度及丢失率2组分别为13.26°±3.76°,6.22%和16.35°±2.63°,5.24%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),组内术前术后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血沉与C反应蛋白的术前术后差异无统计学意义。2组患者术后2年生活、工作基本恢复正常。短钉组患者术后功能恢复较长钉组好。结论腰、骶椎结核后路患椎间短椎弓根钉固定、前路病灶彻底清除术具有仅融合、固定病变节段,保留相邻正常的脊柱运动单元功能,术后脊柱功能恢复好等优点,具有很高的临床应用价值。     

Anatomy,Definition, and Treatment of the “Terrible Triad of the Elbow” and Contemplation of the Rationality of this Designation

In the realm of orthopaedics, the terrible triad of the elbow is infamous, not simply because the prognosis is poor for most patients, but also, maybe to a greater extent, because the unique name of this malady attracts considerable attention and interest in both doctors and patients. The adjective terrible is bestowed on an elbow triad that comprises three coexisting complicated traumas; namely, radial head and ulnar coronoid process fractures and posterior dislocation of the elbow joint. In this review, the classification, treatment principles and prognosis for different forms of management of the radial head and ulnar coronoid process fractures and the ligaments lesions are introduced sequentially and various surgical procedures and their efficacy are discussed. This triad has long given orthopedic surgeons headaches. Nonetheless, in recent years a series of anatomical mechanical studies on the elbow joint have been published and there have been several breakthroughs in surgical techniques for managing this elbow triad. This review examines some memorable millstones and unveils trends in the current clinical norm for this triad. The accomplishments achieved recently have reportedly resulted in enhanced prognoses in the last two or three years compared with previous years. It is therefore high time to revise our thoughts about the justice and accuracy of defining this triad of the elbow as terrible. Lastly, we may safely conclude that the terrible triad of the elbow is much less terrible than previously, provided the commonly approved clinical approaches are undertaken.