2020年儿童口腔从业医师的调查与分析

目的:对我国儿童口腔从业医师进行调查,为制订儿童口腔医师培养计划提供依据。方法:本研究采用问卷调查方法。2020年,选择中华口腔医学会儿童口腔医学专业委员会会员作为研究对象。调查内容包括医师基本信息、工作状况、临床治疗情况、预防保健和继续教育等,并对结果进行分析。结果:21岁至40岁儿童口腔医师占比79.3%(797/...     

阿立哌唑与氯氮平治疗首发精神分裂症对照研究

目的探讨阿立哌唑治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法将74例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组（阿立哌唑组）36例、对照组（氯氮平组）38例。疗程8w。采用潘氏量表、副反应量表评定临床疗效和不良反应。结果治疗8w末研究组总有效率83．33％,对照组81．58％,两组疗效相当。潘氏量表评分两组间同期比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;组内治疗前后比较均有极显著性差异（P〈0．01）。研究组认知功能、阴性症状改善优于对照组（P〈0．05）,且不良反应发生率亦显著低于对照组。结论阿立哌唑治疗首发精神分裂症疗效与氯氮平相当,但对于认知功能、阴性症状的改善优于氯氮平,且安全性、依从性较好。     

通心络胶囊对冠状动脉扩张症的治疗价值

目的评价通心络胶囊对冠状动脉扩张症(CE)患者的治疗效果。方法将38例冠状动脉造影证实为冠状动脉扩张症的心绞痛患者随机分为硝酸异山梨酯和通心络两组,疗程6个月,观察对心绞痛发作及运动平板试验的影响。结果治疗后,通心络组总有效率90.0%,硝酸异山梨酯组总有效率33.3%,两组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论通心络胶囊在冠状动脉扩张症患者的治疗中可以明显缓解心绞痛,改善运动平板试验结果,是治疗冠状动脉扩张症患者的有效药物。     

伽玛刀治疗青少年脑动静脉畸形83例临床分析

目的 评估伽玛刀治疗青少年脑动静脉畸形(AVM)的疗效和并发症.方法 回顾性分析使用MASEP-SRRS型头部型伽玛刀治疗的83例青少年脑AVM的资料,AVM的体积0.3～25.4 cm3,平均(2.9±1.4)cm3,边缘剂量13～23 Gy,平均(18.8±3.6)Gy,40%～65%(平均48.8%)的等剂量曲线包绕脑AVM病灶.均采用磁共振成像 数字减影血管造影(MRI DSA)联合定位.结果 随访27～72个月,用伽玛刀治疗后的脑AVM闭塞率与其体积、边缘剂量有关,大多数患者临床症状于伽玛刀治疗后消失或改善.结论 伽玛刀是治疗青少年脑AVM安全、有效、低创的新方法.     

伽玛刀联合替莫唑胺治疗脑胶质瘤的临床观察

目的 探讨伽玛刀联合替莫唑胺和伽玛刀治疗恶性脑胶质瘤的效果和安全性.方法 选择2003～2006年经病理证实为恶性胶质瘤的病人,采用病例对照研究的方法,随机分为二组,实验组(35例)在伽玛刀术后采用替莫唑胺5个周期化疗,对照组(48例)仅行伽玛刀治疗.长期随访,观察病人的无进展生存时间和总的生存时间以及药物的安全性.结果 实验组的平均平均生存期为14.2个月,对照组为7.8个月.实验组的2年生存率为20.5%,对照组为10.1%.常见的不良反应为恶心、呕吐等.结论 伽玛刀联合替莫唑胺治疗恶性胶质瘤有效,能提高生存率而毒副反应小.     

下肢深静脉血栓形成与肺动脉栓塞关系的研究

目的探讨下肢深静脉血栓形成与肺动脉栓塞发生的关系。方法回顾性分析1999年2月~2005年8月来我院就诊并明确诊断为肢体深静脉血栓形成的100例患者的肺动脉栓塞发生率以及肢体深静脉血栓形成类型与肺动脉栓塞的发生关系。结果100例肢体深静脉血栓形成的患者中45%(45/100)发生肺动脉栓塞,4%(2/45)发生致死性肺动脉栓塞。急性肢体深静脉血栓如出现在右侧下肢或年青患者时,肺动脉栓塞发生率明显增高。结论肺动脉栓塞高发于肢体静脉血栓形成的患者,应引起充分注意。     

A Novel Herbal Extract Blend Product Prevents Particulate Matters-Induced Inflammation by Improving Gut Microbiota and Maintaining the Integrity of the Intestinal Barrier

Air pollutants of PM2.5 can alter the composition of gut microbiota and lead to inflammation in the lung and gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a novel herbal extract blend, FC, composed of Lonicera japonica extract, Momordica grosvenori extract, and broccoli seed extract, on PM2.5-induced inflammation in the respiratory and intestinal tract. A549 cells and THP-1 cells, as well as C57BL/6 mice, were stimulated with PM2.5 to establish in vitro and in vivo exposure models. The models were treated with or without FC. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins were studied. Proteomic analysis was performed to elucidate mechanisms. Mouse feces were collected for gut microbiota analysis. FC was shown to modulate the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in A549 and THP-1 cells and downregulated tight junction proteins mRNA expression in A549 cells due to PM2.5 stimulation. In animal models, the decreased expression of the anti-inflammatory factor il-10, tight junction protein ZO-1, and the elevated expression of COX-2 induced by PM2.5 were improved by FC intervention, which may be associated with zo-1 and cox-2 signaling pathways. In addition, FC was shown to improve the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria.     

Human Milk Metabolomics Are Related to Maternal Adiposity,Infant Growth Rate and Allergies: The Chinese Human Milk Project

The metabolomic profiles of Chinese human milk have been poorly documented. The objective of the study was to explore associations between human milk metabotypes, maternal adiposity, infant growth patterns, and risk of allergies. Two hundred mother–infant dyads from seven cities were randomly selected from the Chinese Human Milk Project (CHMP). Untargeted human milk metabolomic profiles were determined using HPLC-MS/MS. Two human milk metabotypes were identified using principal component analysis. Principal component (PC) 1 was characterized by high linoleic acid metabolites with low purine nucleosides and metabolites of glutamate and glutathione metabolism. PC 2 was characterized by high glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins content. Higher PC1 scores were associated with slower infant growth rate and higher ambient temperature (p < 0.05). Higher PC 2 scores were related to higher maternal BMI and increased risk of infant allergies (p < 0.05). Future work is needed to understand the biologic mechanisms of these human milk metabotypes.     

Rational Design of a Skin- and Neuro-Attenuated Live Varicella Vaccine: A Review and Future Perspectives

Primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection causes varicella, which remains a prominent public health concern in children. Current varicella vaccines adopt the live-attenuated Oka strain, vOka, which retains the ability to infect neurons, establish latency and reactivate, leading to vaccine-associated zoster in some vaccinees. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safer next-generation varicella vaccine to help reduce vaccine hesitancy. This paper reviews the discovery and identification of the skin- and neuro-tropic factor, the open reading frame 7 (ORF7) of VZV, as well as the development of a skin- and neuro-attenuated live varicella vaccine comprising an ORF7-deficient mutant, v7D. This work could provide insights into the research of novel virus vaccines based on functional genomics and reverse genetics.