The diagnostic value of imaging techniques for keratoacanthoma: A review

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a fast-growing skin tumor with solitary KA being the most common type. KAs rarely metastasize and subside spontaneously. Although histopathology is the gold standard for the diagnosis of KA, its histopathological features are sometimes difficult to distinguish from those of other skin tumors. Imaging studies have certain advantages in the preoperative diagnosis of KA; they not only show the exact shape of the lesion but can also accurately determine the extent of the lesion. Combined with histopathological examination, these findings help establish a diagnosis. By summarizing the imaging features of KA, this article aimed to improve radiologists’ understanding of the disease and help in the clinical and differential diagnosis of KA.     

Gene mutations as predictors of central lymph mode metastasis in cN0 PTC: A meta-analysis

Gene mutations could predict the tumor progression and prognosis, which are us to predict CLNM in patients with cN0 PTC, however, these results are not consistent. This meta-analysis tried to identify gene mutations which could predict CLNM in patients with cN0 PTC. A systematic search was performed for identifying relevant literature published prior to July 2023 in three search engines: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Studies that investigated the gene mutations for CLNM in patients with cN0 PTC were included in our meta-analysis. Sixteen studies, including 6095 cN0 PTC with BRAF mutations were include in our meta-analysis. The prevalence of CLNM in cN0 PTC ranged from 13.7% to 50.6%. The pooled analysis demonstrated that BRAFV600E mutation is significantly associated with CLNM (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.55–2.60, p < 0.001) in PTC and PTMC (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 0.51–1.81, p < 0.001). Whereas, cN0 PTC with TERT (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 0.51–7.36, p = 0.33) and KRAS (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.51–1.81, p = 0.34) mutations might not contribute to predict CLNM. Our analysis identified that BRAF mutation was a predictive factor for cN0 PTC, as well as for cN0 PTMC, which could be useful for clinician to accurately choose prophylactic CLND and better manage cN0 PTC.     

Diffusion MRI harmonization via personalized template mapping

One fundamental challenge in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) harmonization is to disentangle the contributions of scanner-related effects from the variable brain anatomy for the observed imaging signals. Conventional harmonization methods rely on establishing an atlas space to resolve anatomical variability and generate a unified inter-site mapping function. However, this approach is limited in accounting for the misalignment of neuroanatomy that still widely persists even after registration, especially in regions close to cortical boundaries. To overcome this challenge, we propose a personalized framework in this paper to more effectively address the confounding from the misalignment of neuroanatomy in dMRI harmonization. Instead of using a common template representing site-effects for all subjects, the main novelty of our method is the adaptive computation of personalized templates for both source and target scanning sites to estimate the inter-site mapping function. We integrate our method with the rotation invariant spherical harmonics (RISH) features to achieve the harmonization of dMRI signals between sites. In our experiments, the proposed approach is applied to harmonize the dMRI data acquired from two scanning platforms: Siemens Prisma and GE MR750 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset and compared with a state-of-the-art method based on RISH features. Our results indicate that the proposed harmonization framework achieves superior performance not only in reducing inter-site variations due to scanner differences but also in preserving sex-related biological variability in original cohorts. Moreover, we assess the impact of harmonization on the estimation of fiber orientation distributions and show the robustness of the personalized harmonization procedure in preserving the fiber orientation of original dMRI signals.     

Cerebral cortex layer segmentation using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in vivo with applications to laminar connections and working memory analysis

Understanding the laminar brain structure is of great help in further developing our knowledge of the functions of the brain. However, since most layer segmentation methods are invasive, it is difficult to apply them to the human brain in vivo. To systematically explore the human brain''s laminar structure noninvasively, the K‐means clustering algorithm was used to automatically segment the left hemisphere into two layers, the superficial and deep layers, using a 7 Tesla (T) diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI)open dataset. The obtained layer thickness was then compared with the layer thickness of the BigBrain reference dataset, which segmented the neocortex into six layers based on the von Economo atlas. The results show a significant correlation not only between our automatically segmented superficial layer thickness and the thickness of layers 1–3 from the reference histological data, but also between our automatically segmented deep layer thickness and the thickness of layers 4–6 from the reference histological data. Second, we constructed the laminar connections between two pairs of unidirectional connected regions, which is consistent with prior research. Finally, we conducted the laminar analysis of the working memory, which was challenging to do in the past, and explained the conclusions of the functional analysis. Our work successfully demonstrates that it is possible to segment the human cortex noninvasively into layers using dMRI data and further explores the mechanisms of the human brain.     

上海市社区居民大肠癌筛查项目

2012年11月上海市重大公共卫生项目——社区居民大肠癌筛查项目正式启动实施,在全市开展大肠癌防治健康教育与免费筛查服务。该项目在对上海市大肠癌疾病负担进行研判的基础上,经过七宝社区3年试点,多方论证后纳入政府重大公共卫生服务项目。项目第一轮实施期间,超过100万居民参加了初筛检查,检出大肠癌病例1 960人,早期比例达52.8%,是筛查前本市平均水平的4.36倍,同时还检查出了各类癌前期病变7 911人,实现了筛查项目的预定目标,充分体现了\     

阑尾源性腹膜假黏液瘤单中心诊疗经验

目的:总结细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗(cytoreductive surgery&hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,CRS+HIPEC)治疗阑尾源性腹膜假黏液瘤(pseudomyxoma peritonei,PMP)的单中心诊疗经验。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年12月于航天中心医院收治,病理证实为阑尾源性PMP并经CRS+HIPEC治疗604例患者的临床数据,进行统计学分析。结果:604例患者经历621次CRS+HIPEC治疗,平均年龄56.7岁,其中女性364例(60.3%),男性240例(39.7%),平均腹膜癌指数(peritoneal cancer index,PCI)为25.7。28.5%(172/604)的患者完全减瘤(CCR 0/1)。3～4级不良事件发生率为21.7%(131/604),围手术期死亡率为0.7%(4/604),术后5年生存率为53.6%。高级别病理类型、不完全减瘤(CCR 2/3)、PCI>20、3～4级不良事件是PMP患者预后不良的独立危险因素。结论:阑尾源性PMP临床罕见,...     

Epidemiology and risk factors of colorectal cancer in China

In China, colorectal cancer(CRC) ranked fourth and fifth in the highest incidence and mortality rates of all malignancies in 2018, respectively. Although these rates are below the world average, China placed first worldwide in the number of new CRC cases and CRC-related deaths because of its comparatively large population. This disease represents a threat to the health of population and incurs a heavy economic burden on the society and individuals. CRC has various risk factors, including age, se...     

透壁穿刺与经乳头引流对胰管断裂综合征的远期疗效观察

目的　探讨3种内镜治疗方式（透壁穿刺引流、经乳头胰管支架引流及联合引流）对胰管断裂综合征复发的影响。方法　收集2018年1月至2022年12月北京协和医院消化内科收治的确诊为胰管断裂综合征并行内镜下治疗的患者22例。通过回顾患者病历资料以及对患者进行电话随访,记录患者的临床特征、影像学特征、引流方式、并发症、治疗效果等。结果　22例患者共有27例次内镜治疗事件,根据操作方式分为3组：囊肿透壁穿刺引流组11例次,经乳头胰管支架引流组8例次,联合引流组8例次。联合引流组引流成功率100.0%（8/8）,明显高于经乳头胰管支架引流组的50.0%（4/8）（P=0.012）,但与透壁穿刺引流组的90.9%（10/11）相比,差异无统计学意义（P=0.621）。联合引流组的1年复发率0.0%（0/8）,显著低于单纯透壁穿刺引流组的55.6%（5/9）（P=0.018）,而且低于经乳头胰管支架引流组的42.9%（3/7）,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.085）。3组的临床症状缓解率分别为45.5%（5/11）、75.0%（6/8）和87.5%（7/8）,差异无统计学意义（H=3.890,P=0.143）,操作并发症发生率分别为54.5%（6/11）、75.0%（6/8）和25.0%（2/8）,差异无统计学意义（H=3.909,P=0.142）。结论　囊肿透壁穿刺引流联合胰管支架置入可在短期内获得满意的囊液引流效果,并显著减少1年复发。     

Mini-dCas13X–mediated RNA editing restores dystrophin expression in a humanized mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Approximately 10% of monogenic diseases are caused by nonsense point mutations that generate premature termination codons (PTCs), resulting in a truncated protein and nonsense-mediated decay of the mutant mRNAs. Here, we demonstrate a mini-dCas13X–mediated RNA adenine base editing (mxABE) strategy to treat nonsense mutation–related monogenic diseases via A-to-G editing in a genetically humanized mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Initially, we identified a nonsense point mutation (c.4174C>T, p.Gln1392*) in the DMD gene of a patient and validated its pathogenicity in humanized mice. In this model, mxABE packaged in a single adeno-associated virus (AAV) reached A-to-G editing rates up to 84% in vivo, at least 20-fold greater than rates reported in previous studies using other RNA editing modalities. Furthermore, mxABE restored robust expression of dystrophin protein to over 50% of WT levels by enabling PTC read-through in multiple muscle tissues. Importantly, systemic delivery of mxABE by AAV also rescued dystrophin expression to averages of 37%, 6%, and 54% of WT levels in the diaphragm, tibialis anterior, and heart muscle, respectively, as well as rescued muscle function. Our data strongly suggest that mxABE-based strategies may be a viable new treatment modality for DMD and other monogenic diseases.