Influences of olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation on axonal regeneration in spinal cord of adult rats

Objective: To observe whether offactory ensheathing cells could be used to promote axonal regeneration in a slmntaneously nonregenerating system. Methods: After laminectomy at the lower thoracic level, the spinal cords of adult rats were exposed and completely transected at T10. A suspension of ensheathing cells was injected into the lesion site in 12 adult rats, and control D/F-12 (1:1 mixture of DMEM and Ham‘s F-12) was injected in 12 adult rats. Six weeks and ten weeks after cell transplantation, the rats were evaluated by climbing test and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) monitoring. The samples were procured and studied with histologiel and immounohistochemical methods. Results: At the 6th week after cell transplantation,d the rats in both the transplanted and control groups were paraplegic and the MEPs could not be recorded. At the 10th week after cell transplantation, of 7 rats in the control group, 2 rats had muscles‘ contraction of the lower extremities, 2 rats had hips and/or knees‘ active movement; and 5 rats‘ MEPs could be recorded in the hind limbs in the transplanted group ( n = 7). None of the rats in the control group had functional improvement and no MEPs recorded ( n = 7 ). Numerous regenerating axons were observed through the transplantation and continued to regenerate into the denervated host tract. Cell labelling using anti-Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) and anti-Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (anti-NGFR) indicated that the regenerated axons were derived from the appropriate neuronal source and that donor cells migrated into the denervated host tract. But axonal degeneration existed and regenerating axons were not observed within the spinalcords of the adult rats with only D/F-12 injection. Conclusions: The axonal regeneration in the transected adult rat spinal cord is possible after eusheathing cells transplantation.     

Age-Related Bone Mineral Density, Accumulated Bone Loss Rate and Prevalence of Osteoporosis at Multiple Skeletal Sites in Chinese Women

We investigated the age-related bone mineral density (BMD), accumulated bone loss rate (ABLR) and the prevalence of osteoporosis at different skeletal sites in Chinese women. BMD was measured at the anteroposterior (AP) spine, supine lateral spine (areal BMD at the midarea [mLat] and the whole region [Lat], volumetric BMD at the middle region [MVD] and total region [TVD]), hip (femoral neck [FN], trochanter [Troc] and Ward’s triangle [Ward’s]) and forearm (radius + ulna ultradistal [RUUD], 1/3 region [RU1/3] and total region [RUT]) using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) fan-beam bone densitometer (Hologic QDR 4500A) in 2702 females aged from 5 to 96 years old. Data were analyzed by eight different regression models. We found that the cubic regression model was the best for describing age-related changes in BMD. The coefficients of determination (R ²) of the fitting curve were 0.398 to 0.612 (p= 0.000). The data were then analyzed by 5-year age groups. This showed that the earliest peak BMD was at the age of 20–24 years at Troc and Ward’s, and the latest at the age of 40–44 years at RU1/3 and RUT of the distal forearm. Compared with BMD, the ABLRs were highest at Ward’s (−66.2%) and the lowest at RU1/3 of the distal forearm (−31.3%) in subjects over 80 years old. The prevalence of osteoporosis at at least one site in these women was 0.5 ± 0.4% in those 30–39, 4.6 ± 4.4% in those 40–49, 23.9 ± 13.3% in those 50–59, 56.3 ± 20.3% in those 60–69, 71.8 ± 16.7% in those 70–79 and 83.2 ± 12.1% those over 80 years of age, respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis in these women was 8.6–11.1% at the age of 40–49 and 36.5–40.6% at the age of 50–59 at the lateral spine regions (mLat, Lat, MVD and TVD), and 0.5–3.7% at the age of 40–49 and and 3.9–21.7% at the age of 50–59 years at the other skeletal sites (AP, FN, Troc, Ward’s, RUUD, RU1/3 and RUT). Significant differences were found in the prevalence of osteoporosis between the lateral spine regions and other skeletal sites (p<0.001) at the age of 40–59 years. In summary, we demonstrated significant age-related differences in peak BMD, ABLR and osteoporosis prevalence among various skeletal sites. Our data suggest that the supine lateral spine is the most sensitive site for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, especially in the early menopausal period, although the prevalence of osteoporosis varied with age and with different sites measured. Received: 20 November 2001 / Accepted: 13 February 2002     

The effects of thiopental and propofol on cell swelling induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of rat hippocampal slices

Cellular swelling has been implicated as an early process after cerebral ischemia. We compared the effects of two commonly used IV anesthetics, thiopental and propofol, on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell swelling induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. Experiments were performed in rat hippocampal slices. Cell swelling in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer was evaluated by determining light transmittance (LT) change through the slices and by histopathological examination. For LT experiments, OGD was induced for 10 min by superfusing slices with glucose-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid equilibrated with 95% nitrogen and 5% CO(2). Thiopental and propofol were present 10 min before and during the period of OGD. The results showed that thiopental (100 and 400 microM), but not propofol (40 and 160 microM), significantly prolonged latency to the peak of LT increase after the onset of OGD. Consistent with the LT experiments, histopathological examination revealed that thiopental, but not propofol, attenuated CA1 pyramidal cell expansion and the gap diminution between CA1 pyramidal cells induced by OGD. These results suggest that thiopental, but not propofol, reduces the neuronal cell swelling caused by OGD. Whether the reduction of cell swelling is related to reduction in cell injury caused by OGD remains to be investigated. IMPLICATIONS: We demonstrated that thiopental, but not propofol, attenuates ischemic neuronal swelling induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation in an in vitro ischemic model.     

Amyand’s hernia with adenocarcinoid tumor

The contents of an incarcerated inguinal hernia sac usually consist of small bowel or omentum. Amyand’s hernia, the situation in which appendicitis is noted in the hernia sac, is a rare occurrence. Also, neoplasms of the appendix is quite uncommon. The occurrence of these two conditions together is even more rarely reported. We report the case of a 62-year-old male with these two diseases simultaneously. Incarcerated inguinal hernia was noted before operation. Amyand’s hernia was noted during the operation. Adenocarcinoid tumor of the appendix was noted after the operation. Operative decisions were changed during the medical course.     

脊柱原发性尤文氏肉瘤的治疗进展

尤文氏肉瘤是儿童最常见的脊柱原发恶性肿瘤,主要累计骶椎,其次是胸椎和腰椎,容易发生转移、复发。由于解剖结构上紧邻脊髓、神经、大血管等重要脏器,以往的手术治疗难度大,其预后较差,近二十年来随着诊断方法、外科技术的迅猛发展,引入了放疗、化疗联合手术治疗的综合治疗模式,改善了脊柱原发性尤文氏肉瘤的预后。本文对脊柱原发性尤文氏肉瘤手术治疗、放疗、化疗及血管靶向治疗进行综述。     

Predictors of short and long term outcome in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a prospective longitudinal study

Background  

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFP) is a common musculoskeletal condition that has a tendency to become chronic and problematic in a proportion of affected individuals. The objective of this study was to identify prognostic factors that may have clinical utility in predicting poor outcome on measures of pain and function in individuals with PFP.     

Miles术后会阴部切口感染的临床分析

目的研究Miles术后会阴部切口是否放置引流对会阴切口感染的影响,探索Miles术后会阴切口感染的防治方法。方法分析34例Miles术后是否放置会阴部引流和如何放置会阴部引流对会阴部切口愈合的影响及会阴部切口感染愈合的影响因素。结果未置会阴部引流的切口感染率为60%（3/5）。会阴部放置合适引流后,切口感染率明显下降,约20%左右（6/29）。一旦切口发生感染后,切口愈合的时间较长（40±5d）。结论 Miles术后放置会阴部尾骨前引流可明显降低会阴部切口感染及裂开的发生率。     

Apogossypolone, a novel inhibitor of anfiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, induces autophagy of PC-3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vitro

Limited treatment options are available for aggressive prostate cancer. Gossypol has been reported to have a potent anticancer activity in many types of cancer. It can increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to alkylating agents, diminish multidrug resistance and decrease metastasis. Whether or not it can induce autophagy in cancer cells has not yet been determined. Here we investigated the antiproliferative activity of apogossypolone （ApoG2） and （-）-gossypol on the human prostate cancer cell line PC3 and LNCaP in vitro. Exposure of PC-3 and LNCaP cells to ApoG2 resulted in several specific features characteristic of autophagy, including the appearance of membranous vacuoles in the cytoplasm and formation of acidic vesicular organelles. Expression of autophagy-associated LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 increased in both cell lines after treatment. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine promoted apoptosis of both cell types. Taken together, these data demonstrated that induction of autophagy could represent a defense mechanism against apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells.     

乌鲁木齐三级甲等医院有创呼吸机管理现状调查

目的了解乌鲁木齐地区三级甲等医院有创呼吸机管理的现状,为促进呼吸机管理规范化、合理化提供依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷对乌鲁木齐地区三级甲等医院20个ICU的呼吸机清洗、消毒、保养、维护管理方式进行调查。结果 20个ICU中60.0%使用全自动清洗消毒机清洗消毒呼吸机外置管路;90.0%能每24小时彻底更换1次湿化液,但仅有20.0%的湿化罐7d更换1次;75.0%的ICU呼吸机的外表面管理较好;55.0%的护士长不知道呼吸机内部气路特点;30.0%的ICU由呼吸治疗师负责呼吸机的日常使用和维护。结论呼吸机清洗、消毒、保养、维护管理不统一,护士长需加强呼吸机管理知识学习,以达到科学管理呼吸机,避免患者发生呼吸机相关性肺炎。