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Methods: Systematic review of literature using a mixed method approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative studies. We used databases (Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and SciELO) and publications from January 2003 to June 2013 using “Obesity,” “Pregnancy,” “Psy,*” or “Psychology” as Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms). Prospective cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, clinical trial, and qualitative research studies were included. Eight articles are included in this review, three with qualitative and five with quantitative methodology.
Results: The majority of the studies demonstrate that emotional problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress are associated with the raising of Body Mass Index (BMI) during pregnancy. The results of the qualitative studies show psychological distress related to humiliation and exposure to stigmas surrounding obesity and its connection with gestation.
Conclusion: There is an emotional demand related to obesity during pregnancy, which should be considered by prenatal multidisciplinary care team. There is a need to increasing attention and support provided for obese pregnant women. 相似文献
Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, patients who had undergone trabeculectomy with at least 3 months of follow up were included. Blebs were imaged using an adapted SDOCT system (Cirrus HD-OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) and time domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) (Visante OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.). An observer masked to clinical data assessed the utility of SDOCT and ASOCT in visualizing structures in successful and failed blebs.
Results: Fifty-one eyes were imaged, of which 43 (84.3%) were successful. SDOCT showed wall thickening (93.0% vs. 67.4%, P = 0.006) and discrete hyporeflective spaces in the wall (88.4% vs. 14.0%, P < 0.0001) in a greater proportion of successful blebs than ASOCT. SDOCT showed the bleb cavity (23.3% vs. 48.8%, P = 0.02), scleral flap (34.9% vs. 90.7%, P < 0.0001), subflap space (20.9% vs . 72.1%, P < 0.0001) and ostium (9.3% vs. 88.4%, P < 0.0001) in fewer successful blebs than ASOCT. The internal ostium was not visualized in any failed bleb using SDOCT, whereas ASOCT showed the ostium in 87.5% of failed blebs ( P = 0.001). SDOCT showed cystic spaces in the bleb wall in a greater proportion of successful blebs than failed blebs (88.4% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.005).
Conclusions: SDOCT imaging was able to show fine superficial features in the bleb wall. However, SDOCT had limited clinical utility in that it did not provide useful information about deep features such as flap position, bleb cavity formation or patency of the subflap space and internal ostium. 相似文献