Prestorage removal of Yersinia enterocolitica from red cells with white cell-reduction filters

Prestorage removal of phagocytic white cells (WBCs) may increase the survivability of contaminating bacteria in units of stored red cells. Fourteen units of whole blood were inoculated with 65 colony-forming units per mL of Yersinia enterocolitica (serotype O:3) and processed into AS-3-preserved red cells. Five red cell units were filtered with a prototype third-generation filter and five red cell units with a second generation filter. WBC reduction was performed on the day of collection. Four red cell units were not filtered. Three noninoculated whole blood units served as negative controls; two were filtered (one with each type of WBC-reduction filter) and one remained unfiltered. All red cell units were then stored at 4 degrees C for 42 days. One of the five filtered red cell units (20%) in each filter group supported growth of Y. enterocolitica. In contrast, 4 (100%) of 4 unfiltered inoculated red cell units had growth (p = 0.04). Overall, 2 (20%) of 10 units of WBC-reduced red cells supported the growth of Y. enterocolitica, as compared to 100 percent of unfiltered red cell units after inoculation (p = 0.015). Bacterial contamination was not detected in any of the three noninoculated units. It can be concluded that prestorage WBC filtration significantly reduces the potential for growth of Y. enterocolitica in red cells stored at 4 degrees C for 42 days.     

In vivo viability and functional integrity of filtered platelets

The in vivo viability and functional integrity of filtered platelets were compared with those of nonfiltered platelets in a controlled study. On two occasions, after template bleeding time, 14 healthy volunteers underwent plateletpheresis and received 600 mg of aspirin. Autologous 111In-labeled platelets were transfused without further manipulation (control) on one occasion and after filtration on a second occasion. The filter was primed and flushed with a buffered 12.6-percent solution of ACD-A in 0.9-percent normal saline (pH 6.5). After transfusion, the bleeding time was measured at 1, 4, and 24 hours and platelet survival at 10 minutes; 1, 4, and 24 hours; and daily for 6 days. The decrease in the bleeding time was not significantly different from that after transfusion of nonfiltered platelets (p greater than 0.2). Filtering of platelets did not affect 1-hour in vivo recovery (filtered, 69.5%; nonfiltered, 66%: p = 0.56) or the platelet survival (filtered platelet t1/2 = 83.0 hours, nonfiltered platelet t1/2 = 82.9 hours: p = 0.96). It can be concluded that filtration does not adversely affect in vivo recovery, survival, or functional integrity of platelets.     

Inflammatory and bone regulators expression in murine macrophages under exposure of commercial and experimental mineral trioxide aggregate

Background: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used in a variety of surgical and non-surgical endodontic applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression and protein production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the gene expression of RANKL and OPG using both commercial and experimental MTA in macrophage cell cultures. Methods: Peritoneal macrophage cell culture was performed. Viability, gene expression of cytokines, RANKL and OPG, and protein levels in experimental- and commercial-grey MTA co-cultured with peritoneal macrophages was determined by tryptan blue, real time PCR and ELISA. Results: The expression of TNF-α for both commercial and experimental MTA was higher, while the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was similar when compared to the negative control. At protein expression level, no differences were observed between the negative control and cements. RANKL did not show a significant improvement in gene expression when compared with the negative control, but OPG expression in cement samples was higher when compared to the negative control. Conclusions: This study suggests that commercial and experimental MTA promotes anti-inflammatory processes, as well as bone healing capacity.     

Bilateral Vagus Nerve Neurolymphomatosis Diagnosed Using PET/CT and Diffusion-Weighted MRI

ABSTRACT: In neurolymphomatosis, malignant lymphocytes infiltrate the peripheral nervous system in the presence of a known or unknown hematological malignancy. This report describes the findings of diffusion-weighted MRI and F-FDG PET/CT in a 65-year-old man with hoarseness. Results revealed a mass with restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging in the right visceral vascular space, increased uptake of F-FDG, and other masses at distant peripheral nerves. Restaging PET/CT showed involvement of the right brachial plexus and right sciatic nerve. Biopsy and immunohistochemistry of the right vagus nerve and cervical lymphadenopathy revealed a diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.     

唐山地区野生药用植物资源开发利用价值评价初步研究简

目的：评价唐山地区的野生药用植物资源的开发利用价值,为药用植物资源的综合开发利用提供依据。方法：在药用植物资源调查的基础上,采用系统工程论中的层次分析法定量评价唐山地区野生药用植物资源的开发利用价值,筛选出可供开发利用的药用植物资源。结果：初步调查及评价结果显示唐山地区可供开发利用的药用植物资源有62种。结论：唐山地区可供开发利用的野生药用植物资源丰富,应制定综合开发利用及保护规划,综合开发利用各药用植物资源,并保持生态资源的可持续发展。     

输卵管远端梗阻患者腹腔镜术后的妊娠结局

目的探讨腹腔镜下输卵管不同分级及输卵管积水复发的妊娠结局。方法选择2010年6月—2011年10月在本院生殖中心因输卵管远端阻塞性不孕行腹腔镜手术的患者120例,术中对输卵管病变进行分级,依据术中情况选择输卵管造口术或输卵管根部灼断术,术后比较各级输卵管自然妊娠情况,比较Ⅰ、Ⅱ级及Ⅲ、Ⅳ级自然妊娠率,试孕失败后行体外受精-胚胎移植助孕治疗(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF-ET)的妊娠情况,并分析影响输卵管分级的因素。计数资料采用χ2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果严格按照评级标准评级后发现120例患者中Ⅰ级17例;Ⅱ级31例;Ⅲ级32例;Ⅳ级40例(其中8例行灼断术)。随访6~28个月,术后自然妊娠率分别为Ⅰ级47.06%(8/17)、Ⅱ级35.49%(11/31)、Ⅲ级6.25%(2/32)、Ⅳ级0(0/32)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ级妊娠率明显高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ级妊娠率,两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.199,P0.05);输卵管积水患者灼断后行IVF-ET助孕治疗组妊娠46.15%(6/13)明显高于灼断前IVF-ET助孕治疗组(7.69%,1/13),两者比较差异有统计学差义(χ2=4.887,P0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ级试孕12个月未孕者25例接受IVF-ET助孕治疗,孕9例(36.00%,9/25),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级IVF-ET治疗65例孕20例(30.76%,20/65),Ⅰ、Ⅱ级IVF-ET妊娠率与Ⅲ、Ⅳ级IVF-ET妊娠率比较,两者差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.768,P0.05)。结论对输卵管远端阻塞性不孕的患者行腹腔镜手术治疗时应在术中对输卵管状态进行评级,可根据评级结果选择不同的助孕方法。     

Physical Functionality and Self-Rated Health Status of Adult Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Presenting in a Primary Care Clinic

Background

Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic medical condition of public health importance in Nigeria which causes disability and impacts daily activities in the sufferers. This study aimed to describe the physical functionality and self-rated health status of adult patients with clinical knee osteoarthritis presenting at the Family Medicine Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of 400 respondents. Knee osteoarthritis was diagnosed clinically using the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. Morbidities, self-rated health status and physical functionality of the respondents were also assessed.

Results

Knee osteoarthritis was diagnosed in 46(11.5%) respondents. Respondents with knee osteoarthritis significantly rated their health worse than those without knee osteoarthritis (p <0.0001). Experience of pain, stiffness and performance of daily activities were significantly worse among respondents with knee osteoarthritis. Those who had knee osteoarthritis had significantly higher waist (p <0.0001), hip (p <0.0001) and knee circumferences (p <0.0001) respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed increasing age (OR=1.103; 95% CI=1.022 – 1.191), self-rated health worse than six months ago (OR=12.562; 95% CI=1.178–125.243), experience of stiffness after waking up in the morning (OR=12.758; 95% CI=3.572–45.569), stiffness after sitting/lying down/resting (OR=21.517; 95% CI=2.213–209.220) and waist circumference (OR=1.225;95% CI=1.017–1.477) to be the most significantly associated with knee osteoarthritis.

Conclusion

Knee osteoarthritis significantly impairs the health and daily activities of adult patients in Ibadan, Nigeria. Healthcare workers need to screen adult patients routinely at first-contact to detect knee osteoarthritis clinically early and manage appropriately.     

硬膜外腔特异压力波形用于硬膜外穿刺及麻醉效果分析

目的 比较特异性压力波形与传统针刺测试麻醉平面行硬膜外麻醉的效果,探讨特异性压力波形预测硬膜外麻醉效果的可行性. 方法 拟于硬膜外麻醉下行择期胆囊切除手术患者600例,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,年龄、体重、性别不限.根据特异性压力波形辅助方法,随机数字表法随机分为两组(每组300例):试验组(T9-10,T组)和对照组(T9-10,C组).所有患者均采用正中入路进针,常规盲探突破法(阻力消失)进入硬膜外腔,两组均予以气泡盐水无压缩证实进入硬膜外腔,置管成功后C组按常规注入试验量5ml局麻药,T组连接压力监测装置,观察记录压力图像判断麻醉效果,直接予以初量10 ml～12 ml局麻药(不注试验量).C组采用针刺法确定麻醉效果及平面.记录两组穿刺结束至手术开始时间、阻滞效果、各类副作用.T组记录观察分次注药后压力波形变化. 结果 两组穿刺结束至手术开始时间比较,T组明显缩短(P＜0.05).T组压力持续12 mm Hg～25 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),且为正弦波形,麻醉效果满意;压力值≥30 mm Hg,且波形为直线,麻醉效果差.压力波形特异性与麻醉效果存在相关关系. 结论 在保留传统硬膜外腔穿刺优点的同时,特异性压力波形可预知硬膜外麻醉效果,在注入试验量前可明确硬膜外麻醉成功与否,提高了硬膜外麻醉精确性.     

2009年内蒙古自治区盟(市)、旗县(区)两级健康教育机构与人力资源现状调查

目的了解2009年内蒙古盟市、旗县(区)两级健康教育机构与人力资源现状。方法采用《2009年健康教育所(中心)业务工作调查表及基本情况调查表》(卫统46表)对内蒙古盟市、旗县(区)两级健康教育机构设置、人力资源、经费和活动形式进行问卷调查。结果全区12个盟市中有7个盟市级健康教育所为独立建制;104个旗县(区)均有健康教育机构,其中有20个为独立建制。盟市、旗县(区)两级分别有专职健康教育人员73人和190人,两级机构人员学历以本科(40.7%)和大专(39.5%)为主,职称构成均以中级(36.5%)和初级(39.16%)为主,医学背景(公共卫生或临床医学)人员比例仅为人员总数的32.3%。两级健康教育机构的经费主要来源于财政拨款,健康教育机构的工作形式主要有印刷小册子、折页、宣传画、举办健康知识讲座等。结论内蒙古自治区健康教育存在管理体制不顺,专业人员数量偏少、整体素质偏低,财政投入不足,活动形式过于老化与单一等突出问题,需要在医药卫生体制改革中得到解决。