用可疑化妆品对化妆品皮炎作斑贴试验的研究

为了研究用化妆品进行斑贴试验时所需浓度，探讨用患者使用过的可疑化妆品进行斑贴试验在诊断化妆品皮炎中的应用价值，将各种化妆品以不同浓度对３５例健康者，３８例非接触性皮炎湿疹类患者进行斑贴试验。然后用患者各自的可疑致敏化妆品对６２例化妆品皮炎患者进行斑贴试验。结果：初步认为护肤类膏剂、唇膏、护发类发乳、头油、摩丝等类产品可用原物进行斑贴试验，染发剂、清洁类香皂、护发类油用２％，清洁类香波用２％和５％，冷烫精、指甲油、香水用５％或１０％。可疑化妆品斑贴试验的阳性率为９５．１６％。本研究表明：用可疑化妆品作斑贴试验时，不同类型的产品，其斑贴试验浓度并不相同，用患者的可疑化妆品进行斑贴试验是诊断化妆品皮炎的重要手段。这项研究为进一步研究我国化妆品皮炎标准筛选系列抗原提供了必要资料。     

围刺配合电针对乳腺增生大鼠乳头大小、乳腺病理变化、血清性激素含量和雌激素受体表达的影响

目的:探讨围刺配合电针治疗乳腺增生的作用机制。方法:将40只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、针刺组和药物组。采用己烯雌酚联合黄体酮肌肉注射的方法建立乳腺增生模型。针刺组在大鼠第2对左右乳房进行围刺后,电针30min,并针刺膻中穴,留针30min,1次/d,共治疗30d;药物组每日予以三苯氧胺(1.8mg/kg)灌胃。于治疗前,治疗10、20、30d测量各组大鼠第2对乳头高度、直径;于末次治疗后采用放射免疫法检测血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、泌乳素(PRL)、睾酮(T)含量;取大鼠第2对乳房常规H.E.染色,光镜下观察组织形态表现;运用免疫组化法观察乳腺组织雌激素受体(ER)表达情况。结果:模型组乳头高度、直径均高于正常组(P<0.05),治疗后针刺组和药物组乳头高度、直径均低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组E2、PRL、T含量明显高于正常组(P<0.05),针刺组和药物组E2、PRL、T含量均低于模型组(P<0.05);模型组P含量低于正常组(P<0.05),针刺组和药物组P含量高于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组与正常组乳腺组织形态比较,乳腺小叶、腺泡、腺导管数目明显较多,腺泡腔和腺导管明显扩张;针刺组和药物组与模型组比较,乳腺小叶、腺泡、腺导管数均减少,腺泡腔及腺导管萎缩。模型组乳腺组织ER阳性细胞表达与正常组相比明显增高(P<0.05),针刺组和药物组大鼠乳腺组织ER阳性细胞表达与模型组比较明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:围刺配合电针能够改善大鼠乳腺组织病理形态,其作用与调节血清性激素含量及降低乳腺组织ER表达有关。     

中国成年人吸烟与心血管疾病发病风险的关联及其性别差异分析

目的 分析中国成年人吸烟与不同心血管疾病发病风险的关联及其性别差异。方法 研究对象来自中国慢性病前瞻性研究,基线调查开展于2004年6月至2008年7月,剔除基线自报患有恶性肿瘤、冠心病、脑卒中的个体,最终纳入487 373名研究对象。随访人年数的计算从研究对象完成基线调查时开始,至最早出现以下任一事件的时间为止：心血管疾病（CVD）发病、死亡、失访或2015年12月31日。使用Cox比例风险模型计算吸烟行为特征和心血管疾病发病风险的关联。结果 研究对象平均随访8.9年。随访期间新发缺血性心脏病33 947人,急性冠心病事件6 048人,脑内出血7 794人,脑梗死31 722人。男性吸烟率（67.9%）远高于女性（2.7%）。与非吸烟者相比,吸烟能增加各类CVD结局的发病风险,风险效应值HR值 （95%CI）由大到小依次为急性冠心病事件1.54 （1.43～1.66）、缺血性心脏病1.28 （1.24～1.32）、脑梗死1.18 （1.14～1.22）、脑内出血1.07 （1.00～1.15）。当前吸烟者中,每天吸烟量和开始吸烟年龄与急性冠心病事件风险间的关联存在性别差异（性别交互作用P值分别为0.006、0.011）,主要表现为女性吸烟者风险高于男性。每天吸烟量和开始吸烟年龄与缺血性心脏病、脑内出血和脑梗死之间的关联均未见性别差异（性别交互作用P>0.05）。结论 吸烟能够增加各类CVD的发病风险,而女性吸烟者发生急性冠心病事件的风险远高于男性。     

Transgenic alteration of Toll immune pathway in the female mosquito Aedes aegypti

Reverse genetics is a powerful tool for understanding gene functions and their interactions in the mosquito innate immunity. We took the transgenic approach, in combination with the RNA interference (RNAi) technique, to elucidate the role of mosquito REL1, a homolog of Drosophila Dorsal, in regulation of Toll immune pathway in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. By transforming the mosquitoes with DeltaREL1-A or a double-stranded RNA construct of REL1 driven by the female fat body-specific vitellogenin (Vg) promoter with the pBac[3xP3-EGFP, afm] vector, we generated two different transgenic mosquito strains, one with overexpressed AaREL1 and the second with AaREL1 knockdown. Both strains had a single copy of the respective transgene, and the expression in both transgenic mosquitoes was highly activated by blood feeding. Vg-DeltaREL1-A transgenic mosquitoes activate Toll immune pathway in the fat body by blood feeding. The overexpression of both isoforms, AaREL1-A and AaREL1-B, in Vg-DeltaREL1-A transgenic mosquitoes resulted in the concomitant activation of Aedes Sp?tzle1A and Serpin-27A, independent of septic injury. The same phenotype was observed in the mosquitoes with RNAi knockdown of an Aedes homolog to Drosophila cactus, an IkappaB inhibitor of Drosophila Toll pathway. The effect of the transgenic RNAi knockdown of AaREL1 on mosquito innate immunity was revealed by increased susceptibility to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and the reduced induction of Spz1A and Serpin-27A gene expression after fungal challenge. These results have proven that AaREL1 is a key downstream regulator of Toll immune pathway in the mosquito A. aegypti.     

Salidroside ameliorates insulin resistance through activation of a mitochondria-associated AMPK/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway

Background and Purpose

Recent reports have suggested that salidroside could protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative injury and stimulate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of salidroside on diabetic mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Experimental Approach

The therapeutic effects of salidroside on type 2 diabetes were investigated. Increasing doses of salidroside (25, 50 and 100 mg·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹) were administered p.o. to db/db mice for 8 weeks. Biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of salidroside. Primary cultured mouse hepatocytes were used to further explore the underlying mechanisms in vitro.

Key Results

Salidroside dramatically reduced blood glucose and serum insulin levels and alleviated insulin resistance. Hypolipidaemic effects and amelioration of liver steatosis were observed after salidroside administration. In vitro, salidroside dose-dependently induced an increase in the phosphorylations of AMPK and PI3K/Akt, as well as glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in hepatocytes. Furthermore, salidroside-stimulated AMPK activation was found to suppress the expression of PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase. Salidroside-induced AMPK activation also resulted in phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase, which can reduce lipid accumulation in peripheral tissues. In isolated mitochondria, salidroside inhibited respiratory chain complex I and disturbed oxidation/phosphorylation coupling and moderately depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in a transient increase in the AMP/ATP ratio.

Conclusions and Implications

Salidroside exerts an antidiabetic effect by improving the cellular metabolic flux through the activation of a mitochondria-related AMPK/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway     

Dickkopf-1 perpetuated synovial fibroblast activation and synovial angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis

Clinical Rheumatology - Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), a regulatory molecule of the Wnt pathway, is elevated and leads to bone resorption in patients with RA. This study is aimed to investigate the...     

Effect of lemon peel flavonoids on UVB-induced skin damage in mice

By establishing an effective ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation model of skin damage in mice, the effect of lemon peel flavonoids (LPF) on skin damage was explored. UVB skin damage in UV-irradiated mice was simulated, and animal models were established. Serum parameters were measured using kits, skin sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and Masson, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of skin tissue-related mRNA. The experimental results showed that LPF increased the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) oxidases in serum of mice with UVB-induced skin damage and decreased MDA, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Pathological observation indicated that LPF alleviated the skin tissue lesions caused by UVB. LPF upregulated the mRNA expression of SOD1, SOD2, CAT, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκB-α) and downregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), p38 MAPK, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the skin tissue of skin-damaged mice. There was a greater protective effect of LPF on the skin as compared to vitamin C (VC) at the same application concentration, and the effect of LPF was positively correlated with the concentration. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that LPF contained five flavonoid compounds, namely isomangiferin, rutin, astragalin, naringin, and quercetin. We demonstrated that flavonoids from LPF exhibit an excellent skin protection effect with satisfactory application value.

By establishing an effective ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation model of skin damage in mice, the effect of lemon peel flavonoids (LPF) on skin damage was explored.     

Penile aseptic abscess in the cavernous body at the base of the penis:a case report

We report a case of aseptic abscess in the cavernous body at the base of the penis.In our clinical observation,the patient underwent puncture and drainage of the corpus cavernosum abscess,followed by surgical resection of the abscess wall,with the incisions closed layer by layer with primary suture.In addition,we paid attention to strengthening the postoperative management by using elastic bandages to wrap the penis intermittently to prevent edema;the incision would not be covered with dressings from the third day after the operation,so as to keep the incision site dry in an open way.During the period of indwelling of the catheter after the operation,we noticed the care of the external orifice of the urethra to reduce the occurrence of catheter-related infections.Finally,the patient was diagnosed with a penile aseptic abscess in the cavernous body at the base of the penis.The patient recovered well after surgery and was discharged 1 week later.At 1.5 years after the operation,the shape of the penis returned to normal,and the erectile function was normal.It was seen that good nursing concept is of great help for prognosis,which could avoid infection and edema,and is conducive to wound healing.     

Microscopy illumination engineering using a low-cost liquid crystal display

Illumination engineering is critical for obtaining high-resolution, high-quality images in microscope settings. In a typical microscope, the condenser lens provides sample illumination that is uniform and free from glare. The associated condenser diaphragm can be manually adjusted to obtain the optimal illumination numerical aperture. In this paper, we report a programmable condenser lens for active illumination control. In our prototype setup, we used a $15 liquid crystal display as a transparent spatial light modulator and placed it at the back focal plane of the condenser lens. By setting different binary patterns on the display, we can actively control the illumination and the spatial coherence of the microscope platform. We demonstrated the use of such a simple scheme for multimodal imaging, including bright-field microscopy, darkfield microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy, polarization microscopy, 3D tomographic imaging, and super-resolution Fourier ptychographic imaging. The reported illumination engineering scheme is cost-effective and compatible with most existing platforms. It enables a turnkey solution with high flexibility for researchers in various communities. From the engineering point-of-view, the reported illumination scheme may also provide new insights for the development of multimodal microscopy and Fourier ptychographic imaging.OCIS codes: (170.2945) Illumination design, (170.0180) Microscopy, (170.3010) Image reconstruction techniques, (100.3190) Inverse problems