全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1144篇 |
免费 | 94篇 |
国内免费 | 46篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 31篇 |
儿科学 | 59篇 |
妇产科学 | 29篇 |
基础医学 | 161篇 |
口腔科学 | 51篇 |
临床医学 | 119篇 |
内科学 | 252篇 |
皮肤病学 | 14篇 |
神经病学 | 62篇 |
特种医学 | 130篇 |
外科学 | 97篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
预防医学 | 60篇 |
眼科学 | 20篇 |
药学 | 92篇 |
1篇 | |
肿瘤学 | 93篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 19篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 32篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 32篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 42篇 |
2011年 | 34篇 |
2010年 | 29篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 34篇 |
2007年 | 63篇 |
2006年 | 43篇 |
2005年 | 27篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 30篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 28篇 |
1998年 | 54篇 |
1997年 | 59篇 |
1996年 | 56篇 |
1995年 | 49篇 |
1994年 | 37篇 |
1993年 | 35篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 29篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有1284条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Andres A; Morales JM; Praga M; Campo C; Lahera V; Garcia-Robles R; Rodicio JL; Ruilope LM 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(7):1437-1440
BACKGROUND: Cyclosporin has been shown to facilitate renal vasoconstriction
and to have an antinatriuretic effect. The existence of an interference of
cyclosporin with the vasodilating properties of endothelium mediated by
nitric oxide production could mediate these effects. On the other hand, the
infusion of the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine has been shown to induce
renal vasodilatation and to facilitate natriuresis in normal volunteers. We
have investigated the renal effects of the administration of an infusion of
L-arginine in renal transplant patients chronically treated with
cyclosporin. To facilitate the analysis of the data the effects of the
administration of a similar dose of cyclosporin on renal function during
the infusion of a vehicle were also investigated during the administration
of a vehicle of L-arginine. DESIGN: Ten male renal transplant patients,
chronically treated with cyclosporin and with a stable renal function were
studied during 2 consecutive days after the administration of the usual
morning dose of cyclosporin. The first day they received an intravenous
infusion of vehicle and the second the infusion of graded doses of
L-arginine (50, 100, 150 mg/kg/h) during 3 consecutive h. RESULTS: The
first day, after cyclosporin administration a significant fall (P <
0.01) was observed in natriuresis and kaliuresis in the absence of changes
in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. After the
administration of L-arginine significant (P < 0.01) increases of renal
plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and natriuresis were seen. The
increase in blood levels of cyclosporin after its administration did not
differ between days 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that
L-arginine facilitates renal vasodilatation and natriuresis in renal
transplant patients. Furthermore, the observed increase in sodium excretion
could indicate that L-arginine counteracts the antinatriuretic effect of
cyclosporin.
相似文献
12.
Does altered biomechanics cause marrow edema? 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
13.
Positional cloning of the gene for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 3: homology with the guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor RCC1 总被引:6,自引:7,他引:6
Roepman R; van Duijnhoven G; Rosenberg T; Pinckers AJ; Bleeker-Wagemakers LM; Bergen AA; Post J; Beck A; Reinhardt R; Ropers HH; Cremers FP; Berger W 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(7):1035-1041
The gene for retinitis pigmentosa 3 (RP3), the most frequent form of X-
linked RP (XLRP), has been mapped previously to a chromosome interval of
less than 1000 kbp between the DXS1110 marker and the OTC locus at
Xp21.1-p11.4. Employing a novel technique, YAC Representation Hybridization
(YRH)', we have recently identified a small XLRP associated microdeletion
in this interval, as well as several putative exons including the 3' end of
a gene that was truncated by the deletion. cDNA library screening and
sequencing of a cosmid centromeric to the deletion has now enabled us to
identify numerous additional exons and to detect several point mutations in
patients with XLRP. The predicted gene product shows homology to RCC1, the
guanine-nucleotide- exchange factor (GEF) of the Ras-like GTPase Ran. Our
findings suggest that we have cloned the long-sought RP3 gene, and that it
may encode the GEF of a retina-specific GTP-binding protein.
相似文献
14.
High throughput parallel analysis of hundreds of patient samples for more than 100 mutations in multiple disease genes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Shuber AP; Michalowsky LA; Nass GS; Skoletsky J; Hire LM; Kotsopoulos SK; Phipps MF; Barberio DM; Klinger KW 《Human molecular genetics》1997,6(3):337-347
As more mutations are identified in genes of known sequence, there is a
crucial need in the areas of medical genetics and genome analysis for
rapid, accurate and cost-effective methods of mutation detection. We have
developed a multiplex allele-specific diagnostic assay (MASDA) for analysis
of large numbers of samples (> 500) simultaneously for a large number of
known mutations (> 100) in a single assay. MASDA utilizes
oligonucleotide hybridization to interrogate DNA sequences. Multiplex DNA
samples are immobilized on a solid support and a single hybridization is
performed with a pool of allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes. Any
probes complementary to specific mutations present in a given sample are in
effect affinity purified from the pool by the target DNA. Sequence-specific
band patterns (fingerprints), generated by chemical or enzymatic sequencing
of the bound ASO(s), easily identify the specific mutation(s). Using this
design, in a single diagnostic assay, we tested samples for 66 cystic
fibrosis (CF) mutations, 14 beta-thalassemia mutations, two sickle cell
anemia (SCA) mutations, three Tay-Sachs mutations, eight Gaucher mutations,
four mutations in Canavan disease, four mutations in Fanconi anemia, and
five mutations in BRCA1. Each mutation was correctly identified. Finally,
in a blinded study of 106 of these mutations in > 500 patients, all
mutations were properly identified. There were no false positives or false
negatives. The MASDA assay is capable of detecting point mutations as well
as small insertion or deletion mutations. This technology is amenable to
automation and is suitable for immediate utilization for high-throughput
genetic diagnostics in clinical and research laboratories.
相似文献
15.
16.
17.
J Benitez C Martinez Frejo C Toledo J Sanchez Fayos C Ramos 《Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics》1987,26(2):199-207
Serial cytogenetic studies have been performed in four patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. In all four a 5q- alteration was present, but with a different pattern of presentation. One patient presented 5q- as the only alteration since diagnosis; two patients acquired this alteration during the course of the disease; and the fourth showed a 5q- plus other alterations since the first cytogenetic study. Likewise, three of the four patients showed a clone with trisomy 8 and without 5q-. According to these observations and others from the literature with similar cytogenetic behavior, we have analyzed the following points: 5q- as a primary event and as the only alteration, 5q- as a secondary event, 5q- plus other alterations, and presence of cytogenetically different clones. Analysis of these points suggests that the 5q- alteration can represent an early mutation conferring a slow capacity of expansion to the affected clones, with the possibility of cytogenetic evolution during the progression of the disease (about 30% of the patients). Likewise, the association of trisomy 8 clones with 5q- clones can be a nonrandom event. 相似文献
18.
Objective To detect new mutations among 29 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient individuals from Yunnan province. Methods The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) method was used to screen G6PD deficient individuals. Mutation was identified by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), amplification created restriction site (ACRS), amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and DNA sequencing. Results Among 29 cases, 18 cases of G1388A, 1 case of C1004A, and 1 case of G1381A were identified. Nine cases remained to be defined. The G1381A mutation is a novel mis-sense mutation, with a substitution of threonine for alanine (A461T). The resultant G6PD had reduced enzymatic activity. In addition, G1381A caused a restriction site of Stu I to disappear, providing a rapid method for the detection of this mutation. Conclusion A novel mis-sense mutation G1381A was found. This mutation results in a substitution of threonine for alanine, producing enzyme with reduced activity. The loss of the Stu I restriction site offers a rapid method for the detection of this mutation. 相似文献
19.
Jaap A. van Best Jose M. del Castillo Benitez Louise-Marie Coulangeon 《Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie》1995,233(1):1-7
Background: The aim of this study was to compare basal tear turnover values of healthy volunteers in different countries. Methods: Healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 70 years were selected in three European cities. Basal tear turnover values were calculated according to a standardized protocol from the decay of the fluorescein concentration in tears after instillation of 1-l drop of fluorescein in the conjunctival sac. Fluorescein concentration was measured with identical commercial fluorophotometers. A monoexponential decay of fluorescein was assumed to represent basal tear flow. Results: The mean tear turnover values were 13.1%/ min ± 4.6 SD (n=4), 16.0%/ min ± 5.2 SD (n=24) and 17.5%/ min ± 3.4 SD (n = 20) in Clermont-Ferrand (France), Leiden (The Netherlands) and Madrid (Spain), respectively. The differences between the values were not significant (Mann-Whitney test P > 0.09). Conclusions: The tear turnover in the different cities was similar. The methods used were simple and the software easy to use.Concerted Action, supported in part by the European Commission, on Ocular Fluorometry: Standardization and Instrumentation Development of the 4th European Community Medical and Health Research Programme (No. MR 4*/0314/P). 相似文献
20.
Expression profiling of T-cell lymphomas differentiates peripheral and lymphoblastic lymphomas and defines survival related genes. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Beatriz Martinez-Delgado Barbara Meléndez Marta Cuadros Javier Alvarez Jose Maria Castrillo Ana Ruiz De La Parte Manuela Mollejo Carmen Bellas Ramon Diaz Luis Lombardía Fatima Al-Shahrour Orlando Domínguez Alberto Cascon Mercedes Robledo Carmen Rivas Javier Benitez 《Clinical cancer research》2004,10(15):4971-4982
PURPOSE: T-Cell lymphomas constitute heterogeneous and aggressive tumors in which pathogenic alterations remain largely unknown. Expression profiling has demonstrated to be a useful tool for molecular classification of tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using DNA microarrays (CNIO-OncoChip) containing 6386 cancer-related genes, we established the expression profiling of T-cell lymphomas and compared them to normal lymphocytes and lymph nodes. RESULTS: We found significant differences between the peripheral and lymphoblastic T-cell lymphomas, which include a deregulation of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway. We also identify differentially expressed genes between peripheral T-cell lymphoma tumors and normal T lymphocytes or reactive lymph nodes, which could represent candidate tumor markers of these lymphomas. Additionally, a close relationship between genes associated to survival and those that differentiate among the stages of disease and responses to therapy was found. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reflect the value of gene expression profiling to gain insight about the molecular alterations involved in the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphomas. 相似文献