Protection of erythrocytes by α-tocopherol against hemolysis induced by thermal trauma

Higher Medical Institute, Varna. Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. E. Severin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 107, No. 4, pp. 413–415, April, 1989.     

早期氧气面罩雾化给氧对纠正重型颅脑损伤患者低氧血症的影响效果观察

目的探讨氧气面罩雾化给氧方式对重型颅脑损伤患者低氧血症的可行性及安全性,以促进患者早日康复。方法将收治98例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为观察组48例和对照组50例,在常规治疗的同时,观察组采用氧气面罩接雾化器给氧方式进行给氧;对照组采用鼻塞导管湿纱布覆盖口鼻进行给氧。结果观察组其动脉血氧饱和度、氧分压明显提高。2组病死率比较差异明显,而2组患者的心率、血压、pH、PaCO2比较差异不明显。结论氧气面罩雾化器给氧能快速、有效纠正重型颅脑损伤患者缺氧状态,纠正低氧血症。     

Fragile X syndrome: clinical,cytogenetic and molecular screening among autism spectrum disorder children in Indonesia

Fragile X testing is a priority in the evaluation of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) cases because identification of the FMR1 mutation leads to new treatment options. This study is focused on determining the prevalence of the FMR1 gene mutation among ASD cases in Indonesia. DSM‐IV‐TR criteria were administered to diagnose ASD; symptom severity was classified using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Cytogenetic analysis, polymerase chain reaction, and Southern blot for FMR1 gene analysis were carried out to confirm the diagnosis of fragile X syndrome. The fragile X site and FMR1 full mutation allele were identified in 3 out of 65 (4.6%) and 4 out of 65 (6.15%) children aged 3–17 years (57 boys and 8 girls), respectively. The Fragile X laboratory workup is essential in the evaluation of patients with ASD. Molecular analysis is most accurate, while cytogenetic documentation of the fragile X site can also be useful if molecular testing is not available.     

Effective melatonin protection of burn-induced hepatic disorders in rats

We studied the effect of melatonin on morphological and functional disorders using serum markers of liver dysfunction such as cholinesterase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, hepatic protein content and malondialdehyde in a burned-rat model. Melatonin (10 mg/kg (?1), i.p) was administered immediately and then 12 h after 30% of total body surface area burns of male Wistar rats. The burns induced an increase of hepatic malondialdehyde levels by 166% (p<0.001), and also vascular congestion, leukocyte infiltration around the central veins, intracellular vacuolization, hepatic cell degeneration and apoptotic bodies (Councilman’s bodies). These changes were associated with significantly reduced serum cholinesterase (36%), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (76%), hepatic proteins (52%) and serum albumin (37%) (p<0.001–0.0001). Treatment with melatonin reduced elevated hepatic malondialdehyde values by 50% (p<0.01). Melatonin restricted degenerative alteration in the hepatocytes: it protected the burninduced decrease of serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity by 48% (p<0.01), hepatic proteins by 64% (p<0.01), and serum activity of cholinesterase as the only marker of liver damaged synthetic function by 57% (p<0.0001) but did not exert any significant influence on serum albumin concentration. Melatonin repaired the pathomorphological lesions and functional disorders. It could restore liver damage following thermal injury in humans.     

破骨细胞的骨吸收机制

破骨细胞是一种巨大的多核细胞,起源于单核巨噬细胞/单核系造血前体细胞,在骨吸收过程中发挥重要作用。破骨细胞的形成和活性异常可导致骨质疏松、类风湿关节炎、关节置换后假体无菌性松动等许多疾病,因此破骨细胞是治疗这些疾病的靶点之一。目前对破骨细胞的分化形成研究较多,但对破骨细胞如何识别、降解骨组织方面的研究较少。骨盐被认为是破骨细胞识别的重要成分,但是近年来的研究发现骨基质不是破骨细胞激活的必需成分,玻连蛋白包被的培养皿也能使破骨细胞出现骨吸收的特有形态,玻连蛋白对破骨细胞的激活有重要的作用。此外,最近的研究证明骨基质降解产物的吞入和分泌对破骨细胞的分化和功能的保持有重要意义。这些分子机制的研究可能为骨骼疾病提供新的治疗靶点。     

成人心脏手术后呼吸机相关肺炎的危险因素

目的 探讨成人心脏手术后呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)的危险因素。方法 回顾性收集某院2017年1月—2021年5月心脏外科重症监护病房(ICU)接受胸骨切开术的成人心脏手术患者病历资料。选取术后发生VAP患者为病例组,按照1∶1进行病例-对照匹配。采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析VAP感染的危险因素。结果 共有5 919例成人心脏手术患者术后使用呼吸机,其中766例患者呼吸机使用时间>48 h。62例患者发生VAP,发病率1.05%,8.03例/1 000机械通气日,成功匹配61例。多因素分析结果显示,术前肌酐≥1.1 mg/dL、手术时间≥7.33 h及术后意识障碍是成人心脏手术后VAP的独立危险因素。感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主(54株,90.0%),检出率最高为鲍曼不动杆菌(24株,40.0%)。VAP患者消化道出血、鼻饲和急性肾损伤风险明显升高,ICU住院时长、住院费用及病死率明显增加(均P<0.01)。结论 术前改善肾功能、缩短手术时间及减少术后意识障碍可降低成人心脏手术后VAP发病率。     

林兰教授治疗甲状腺功能亢进症伴月经病经验

林兰教授认为,甲状腺功能亢进症所致的月经病主要病因病机是由七情内伤,劳倦过度,加之感受外邪,致脏腑失调,气血不和以及肾—天癸—冲任—胞宫轴失调。治疗强调治本以调经。在应用抗甲状腺药物治疗的同时,主要运用中药调周法,针对现代医学中卵泡发育的不同阶段进行分期治疗。并强调随症加减,因人制宜,注重心理疏导。