Skin occlusion and irritant and allergic contact dermatitis: an overview

Occlusion, widely used to enhance percutaneous absorption of drugs, also increases penetration of other chemicals and antigens, and hence may exacerbate irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. This overview summarizes the adverse effects of occlusion.     

对立违抗性障碍的研究现状

对立违抗性障碍是儿童常见的一种心理障碍。童年早期出现,青春期达到高峰。以不服 从、对抗、消极抵抗、易激惹或挑衅等行为特征为主要的临床表现。虽然对立违抗性障碍没有严重的违 法或冒犯他人的攻击行为,然而对于患儿的家庭、学校,以及社会生活仍会带来较大的麻烦。家长和学 校往往对于对立违抗性障碍缺乏认识,因而导致就诊率低,缺乏早期有效的干预。现就对立违抗性障 碍的发病机制、临床特征、诊断及治疗方面做全面综述。     

雷帕霉素对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖和HIF-1α及VEGF表达的影响

目的 探讨不同浓度雷帕霉素对宫颈癌HeLa细胞生长的抑制作用及对HIF-1α、VEGF表达的影响.方法 采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法检测分别以不同浓度雷帕霉素处理的体外培养人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的抑制率,采用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、Western blot法检测各组细胞HIF-1 α、VEGF mRNA和蛋白的表达.结果 不同浓度雷帕霉素对宫颈癌HeLa细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用,并呈剂量依赖性;随雷帕霉素浓度增加细胞内HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA和蛋白的表达均呈下调趋势.结论 雷帕霉素对宫颈癌HeLa细胞的生长有抑制作用并呈剂量依赖性,雷帕霉素具有明显下调HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达的作用.     

2011~2013年菏泽市学生结核病流行特征分析

目的：了解菏泽市学生结核病流行趋势,为进一步制订防治措施提供依据。方法收集2011~2013年菏泽市结核病信息管理系统报告发病资料,采用描述性流行病学方法,统计分析学生结核病的发病特征及流行趋势。结果2011~2013年全市学生结核病患者报告登记92例,年平均发病率为1.76/10万;2013年学生结核病发病人数最多(56例),发病率为3.32/10万。每年的3~5月和9~10月为报告发病高峰期。学生病例报告发病数居前3位的县区是巨野县、牡丹区和曹县,占学生发病总数的69.57%。学生结核病患者的男女性别比为1.30：1;15~<25岁年龄学生结核病报告发病数最多,占报告总数的82.61%。结论菏泽市学生结核病疫情呈现逐年上升的趋势,学校结核病防控形势严峻。应进一步加强卫生、教育部门的沟通和合作,建立定期体检制度,重点关注高中、大学学生结核病疫情监测与治疗管理。     

白色念珠菌对人口腔黏膜上皮角质细胞的作用研究

目的研究白色念珠菌对人口腔黏膜上皮角质细胞的作用机制。方法将培养的口腔黏膜上皮角质细胞分别加入孢子型白色念珠菌(孢子组)和菌丝型白色念珠菌(菌丝组),另将单独培养的口腔黏膜上皮角质细胞作为阴性对照组。比较各组对口腔黏膜上皮角质细胞的黏附作用,并观察白色念珠菌对口腔黏膜上皮角质细胞的凋亡和增殖作用。结果菌丝组黏附指数(7.63±1.39)显著高于孢子组(3.47±1.04),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);菌丝组凋亡率[(3.49±0.4)%]显著高于孢子组[(2.07±0.15)%]和阴性对照组[(1.98±0.07)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而孢子组和阴性对照组凋亡率相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。菌丝组G0/G1期细胞比例[(38.17±7.83)%]显著低于孢子组[(49.47±11.41)%]和阴性对照组[(57.71±9.39)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);S期[(8.54±4.03)%]、G2/M期[(20.18±9.59)%]细胞比例上升,且显著高于孢子组[(6.47±2.73)%、(10.71±3.19)%]和阴性对照组[(5.35±2.11)%、(12.38±4.35)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PI[(42.79±18.73)%]明显高于孢子组[(28.67±8.79)%]和阴性对照组[(26.87±7.64)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而孢子组和阴性对照组PI相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论白色念珠菌能够导致口腔黏膜上皮角质细胞发生凋亡和增殖周期改变。     

Acetone vapour-assisted growth of 2D single-crystalline organic lead halide perovskite microplates and their temperature-enhanced photoluminescence

We adopt an acetone vapour-assisted method to grow high quality single-crystalline microplates of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite, 2-phenylethylammonium lead bromide [(C₆H₅C₂H₄NH₃)₂PbBr₄]. The microplates, converted from the spin-coated films, are well-defined rectangles. Temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy shows that the band gap PL is enhanced markedly with increasing temperature up to 218 K, accompanied by the quenching of the PL related to the trap states, which perhaps results from the exciton–phonon couplings. The optical phonon energy around 50 meV and the exciton binding energy around 120 meV are derived by fitting the band gap PL linewidths and intensities at different temperatures, respectively.

We report an acetone vapour-assisted method to grow single-crystalline 2D perovskite microplates and find their temperature-enhanced photoluminescence.     

Automated clinical trial eligibility prescreening: increasing the efficiency of patient identification for clinical trials in the emergency department

Objectives (1) To develop an automated eligibility screening (ES) approach for clinical trials in an urban tertiary care pediatric emergency department (ED); (2) to assess the effectiveness of natural language processing (NLP), information extraction (IE), and machine learning (ML) techniques on real-world clinical data and trials.Data and methods We collected eligibility criteria for 13 randomly selected, disease-specific clinical trials actively enrolling patients between January 1, 2010 and August 31, 2012. In parallel, we retrospectively selected data fields including demographics, laboratory data, and clinical notes from the electronic health record (EHR) to represent profiles of all 202795 patients visiting the ED during the same period. Leveraging NLP, IE, and ML technologies, the automated ES algorithms identified patients whose profiles matched the trial criteria to reduce the pool of candidates for staff screening. The performance was validated on both a physician-generated gold standard of trial–patient matches and a reference standard of historical trial–patient enrollment decisions, where workload, mean average precision (MAP), and recall were assessed.Results Compared with the case without automation, the workload with automated ES was reduced by 92% on the gold standard set, with a MAP of 62.9%. The automated ES achieved a 450% increase in trial screening efficiency. The findings on the gold standard set were confirmed by large-scale evaluation on the reference set of trial–patient matches.Discussion and conclusion By exploiting the text of trial criteria and the content of EHRs, we demonstrated that NLP-, IE-, and ML-based automated ES could successfully identify patients for clinical trials.     

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials: Skin‐patch of Chinese herbal medicine for patients with acute gouty arthritis

Aims

To evaluate the evidence of the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine skin‐patches for patients with acute gouty arthritis.

Background

Acute gouty arthritis is a problem that can limit the level of activity and impair the quality of life. In China, many clinical studies have demonstrated that skin‐patches of Chinese herbal medicines benefit patients with acute gouty arthritis. However, the reported clinical effects vary.

Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Data sources

Three English databases including CENTRAL (1993 to February 2017), PubMed (1966 to February 2017) and EMBASE (1974 to February 2017) and four Chinese databases including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese VIP Information, SinoMed and Wanfang (all, 1949 ‐ February 2017) were searched. Randomized controlled trials that compared skin‐patches of Chinese herbal medicine with or without conventional treatments to conventional treatments, no treatment or a placebo treatment for patients with acute gouty arthritis were included.

Review methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis following the Cochrane process. Two authors selected the studies, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included trials.

Results

Nineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. After synthesizing the data, the results showed that skin‐patches of CHM combined with Western medicine seemed to be more effective than Western medicine alone for pain relief in patients with acute gouty arthritis and had fewer adverse events.

Conclusion

Due to the quality of the data, larger and more rigorously designed clinical trials with proper outcome measures are necessary.